... of thermal andmasstransfer boundary conditions can be encoun-
tered in practice. Standard thermal andmasstransfer boundary condition types are
often used in theoretical models and experiments, ... (m)
l
ent,ma
Mass transfer entrance length (m)
l
ent,th
Thermal (heat transfer) entrance length (m)
l
M
Turbulence mixing length ( m)
l
M, ma
Turbulence mixing length f or masstransfer (m)
l
heat
Heated ... (m)
l
th
Turbulence mixing length f or heattransfer (m)
M Molar mass (kg/kmol)
Ma Mach number
m Mass fraction; dimensionless constant
m Mass (kg); mass of a single molecule (kg)
m
Mass flux (kg/m
2
s)
N Ratio...
...
components
Heat output
Fig. 9 Micro heat pipe [54]
Two-Phase Flow andHeatTransfer in Micro-Channels 57
17. In, S., Jeong, S.: Flow boiling heattransfer characteristics of R123 and R134a in ... pressure drop and flow visualization of FC-72 in a
silicon microchannel heat sink. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 30(6), 1171–1182 (2009)
21. Huh, C., Kim, M.H.: Pressure drop, boiling heattransferand flow ... practice. So far, flow boiling and heat
transfer in micro-channels have been widely studied. Remarkable outcomes from
the studies on micro-channel flow boiling andheattransfer are summarized as
follows.
2.1...
... corresponds to that
of heat conduction, whilst masstransfer in a flowing fluid, known for short as
convective masstransfer corresponds to convective mass transfer. Mass transfer
by diffusion and convection ... only sorts of mass transfer. Radiative heat
transfer has no corresponding masstransfer process.
1.4.1 Diffusion
The calculation of masstransfer by diffusion requires several definitions and rela-
tionships ... time. Further
important investigations included heattransfer in film condensation, cross current heattransfer
and the analogy between heatandmasstransfer in evaporation.
76 1 Introduction....
... Convection HeatandMassTransfer 457
7.5 The Sphere 465
7.6 Flow Across Banks of Tubes 468
7.7 Impinging Jets 477
7.7.1 Hydrodynamic and Geometric Considerations 477
7.7.2 Convection HeatandMassTransfer ... volume,
and energy advection.
The first law of thermodynamics addresses total energy, which consists of kinetic and
potential energies (together known as mechanical energy) and internal energy. ... Convection
The convection heattransfer mode is comprised of two mechanisms. In addition to energy
transfer due to random molecular motion (diffusion), energy is also transferred by the bulk,...
... The symbols dQ and dW represent differential heattransferand work
done, respectively. The differential operator, d, is used as both heattransferand work
are path functions and the evaluation ... Molecular MassTransfer 399
24.2 The Diffusion Coefficient 407
24.3 Convective MassTransfer 428
24.4 Closure 429
25. Differential Equations of MassTransfer 433
25.1 The Differential Equation for Mass ... 380
23.10 Radiant HeatTransfer Between Gray Surfaces 381
23.11 Radiation from Gases 388
23.12 The Radiation Heat- Transfer Coefficient 392
23.13 Closure 393
24. Fundamentals of MassTransfer 398
24.1...
... Electrical heater is perfectly insulated
from dryer wall, (3) Heater and switch are isothermal at T
set
, (4) Negligible heattransfer from
sides of heater or switch, (5) Switch surface, A
s
, loses heat ... Inner and outer
surface temperatures.
FIND: Heat flux through container wall and total heat load.
SCHEMATIC:
ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) Negligible heattransfer ... tot
q/q
′′
vs. T, note that the convection heattransfer rate is always a
small fraction of the total heat transfer. That is, radiation is the dominant mode of heat transfer. Note
also that the convection...
...
THE
MASS BALANCES
2.1
The
Macroscopic Mass Balances
Figure 2.1
-
1 System for
mass
balances
2.1.1 The macroscopic total
mass
balance
Accumulation of
mass
Input and output of mass ... physical laws (for massand energy, conservation
laws, and for momentum, Newton's second law) permits
us
to develop
macroscopic balances which tell
us
how
much
mass, energy, and momentum ... theory and penetration-renewal theory
8.4
The
Mass
Transfer Coefficient for a Single Phase
Example 8.4-1 Calculation offluxfrom a
mass
transfer
coefficient
Exutizple 8.4-2 Mass transfer...
... COMBINED MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER
Previous sections treated each mode of heattransfer separately. But in practice all the three
modes of heattransfer can occur simultaneously. Additionally heat generation ... model.
VED
c-4\n-demo\demo1-1.pm5
12 FUNDAMENTALS OF HEATANDMASS TRANSFER
Solution: Refer equation 1.10
Heat convected + heat radiated = heat conducted considering 1m
2
,
h(T
1
– T
2
) + σ(T
1
4
... K
Radiation
T
1
1500 W
VED
c-4\n-demo\damo2-3
72 FUNDAMENTALS OF HEATANDMASS TRANSFER
Solution: Case 1: bare pipe
heat lost over the surface Q = heat convected + heat radiated
Q = h A (∆T) + σA(T
1
4
– T
2
4
)
considering...
... Rodrigo and José J. Linares
Chapter 3 Numerical Analysis of HeatandMass
Transfer in a Fin -and- Tube Air Heat Exchanger
under Full and Partial Dehumidification Conditions 41
Riad Benelmir and ... 3 is concerned with the description and analysis of heatand
mass transfer processes in a fin -and- tube air heater. Hydrogen production by steam
reforming and the process intensification strategies ... calculations and the experimental data from Silva (2000), respectively.
Fig. 11. Adsorption and desorption steps from simulation results (a) and experiments (b)
HEATANDMASS
TRANSFER...
...
resistance
(R
Ω
)
Charge
transfer CPE
Charge transfer
resistance (R
ct
)
Mass transfer
resistance (R
mt
)
CHARGE
TRANSFER
CONTRIBUTION
MASS TRANSFER
CONTRIBUTION
Mass transfer
CPE
(a)
0.0 ...
Heat andMassTransfer – Modeling and Simulation
26
circuit constant phase element and resistance, related to the charge transfer processes
(kinetic), and another parallel ... access of the reactants,
Heat andMassTransfer – Modeling and Simulation
30
does not only have influence in terms of masstransfer limitations, but in kinetic and ohmic
ones due to an excess...
... simultaneous heatandmasstransfer on the cooling surface. Many experimental, and
few numerical, studies have been carried out to study the heatandmasstransfer
characteristics of the fin -and- tube heat ... and the fin.
This work will consider the heatandmasstransfer for a representative tube and fin
elementary unit.
Heat andMassTransfer – Modeling and Simulation
40
Prasanna, M.; Ha, ... air-flow and the condensate-film, the
conduction inside the fin and the condensate-film, and the masstransfer process between
the air-flow and the condensate-film (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3. Heatand mass...
... with combined heatandmass
transfer, ASHRAE transactions, Part 1, 100, 367-374.
Numerical Analysis of HeatandMassTransfer in a Fin -and- Tube
Air Heat Exchanger under Full and Partial Dehumidification ... fin -and- tube heat exchanger in presence of non condensable gas, Heat
and MassTransfer Journal, 45, 1561–1573.
Chen, L.T. (1991). Two-dimensional fin efficiency with combined heatandmasstransfer ... going up the inlet and outlet or the upper and
lower fin edges, and is also minimal near the tube surface.
2.4.2 Solving heatandmasstransfer equations
The heatandmasstransfer problem has...
...
WHSV and is about 250℃ in
this experiment.
Fig. 3. Effects of temperature on methanol conversion, hydrogen yield, H
2
and CO in the
products.
Heat andMassTransfer – Modeling and ... driving gas and carrying gas with an inlet pressure of 1.4
and 1.6 MPa for the heating gas and powder carrying gas separately. Heating gas temperature
range is 573 K to 773 K. Stand-off distance ... than the copper coating. Probable
Heat andMassTransfer – Modeling and Simulation
78
Morphology of the cold sprayed NiO/Al
2
O
3
coating before and after SRM is also shown in
Fig.8....
... natural and forced convective heatandmasstransfer regimes
for nanofluids flowing in semi-infinite geometries, i.e. external boundary layer flows along
Heat andMassTransfer – Modeling and ... Kinetics and
Reactor Modeling for Fuel Cell Grade Hydrogen.
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 124,
No. 2, (November 2003), pp. (432-439), 0378-7753
Heat andMassTransfer – Modeling and Simulation ... velocity profiles, streamlines and boundary layer
thickness. Heattransfer characteristics are then presented by means of wall temperature
distribution and convective heattransfer coefficients.
2....
... the gravity m.s
-2
h heattransfer coefficient W.m
-2
.K
-1
Heat andMassTransfer – Modeling and Simulation
116
Wang, X Q. &, Mujumdar, A.S. (2007). Heattransfer characteristics ... Buoyancy-driven heattransfer enhancement
in a two-dimensional enclosure using nanofluids. Int. J. HeatMass Transf. Vol. 46
pp.3639-3653.
Heat andMassTransfer – Modeling and Simulation ... Rögener,
1991) and effectiveness-NTU (Jaber & Webb, 1989) methods. The Merkel’s method
(Merkel, 1926) consists of an energy balance, and it describes simultaneously the massand
heat transfer...