... within and across turns. Significant dependencies are combined to produce interesting insights regarding speech rec-ognition problemsand to propose new strategies for handling these problems. ... ‘Certain’ and ‘Anything Else’ (in this case Uncertain, Mixed and Neutral). By studying the dependency between binary variables we can understand how the interaction works. Table 2 reports in ... turns and rejections. Thus, the CERT – REJ interaction is explained only by the interaction between Certain and Rej and the in- teraction between Uncertain and Rej. 5 Results - dependencies In...
... development and modernisa-tion and, in highlighting the poverty of the mainstream, offers criticalinsight into the theoretical perspectives that help explain global injustice and the political and ... (UK)IFC International Finance Corporation (World Bank Group)IFI(s) international financial institution(s)IFU Industrialiseringsfonden for Udviklingslandene (DanishIndustrialisation Fund)IMF International ... supporting me, and all of my family and friends, particularlymy parents Christine and Colin for their unerring patience. Colleagues and students also need a mention, since intellectual influence...
... to include more countries in decision-making, by extending mechanisms of inclusion to include newinstitutions, a regulatory initiative and a new IMF committee. The firstnew institution in ... meaning of ‘concessional’ thatmatters, and this defining falls to those doing the lending. Indeed, theidea that aid is a ‘concessional’ form of distributing money is based in regulations defined ... financialsystems and institutions. We return to our two grand narratives – ‘crisisbut salvation’ and ‘resistance but subordination’ – and find them bothwanting: the failure to account for power...
... efficiency and democracy, serving to check bureaucratic and petty bourgeois accumulation, job patronage and the politicsof graft, increasing industrial flexibility and removing ethnic and racial ... ‘confidence’. In turn,the global markets for goods and services are constructed indirectly bythis overriding market for finance, since it is the commodity essentialto join in any of them.MONEY AND POWER [38]Bracking_04_cha03.qxd ... negative statistics on social wellbeing in Africa (seechapter 6) and some parts of South-East Asia and Latin America, and the collective myopia of those involved in high institutions to see theircontributions...
... bank,providing an insurance for convertibility in an ‘IFC-led and -syndi-cated “liquidity backstop” feature’, and by so doing contributed togreater integration and cross-provisioning in the international ... ii).MONEY AND POWER [48]Bracking_04_cha03.qxd 12/02/2009 10:56 Page 48 predominated in the 1960s and 1970s, but following the mid-1980s debtcrisis in the middle-income developing countries, ... have nothing againtomorrow, if nothing changes in terms of relative powerin thepolitical economy of development.MONEY AND POWER [62]Bracking_05_cha04.qxd 12/02/2009 10:55 Page 62 business...
... enterprises, and more latterly fromdirect involvement in financial companies in- country, and becominginstead a private equity emerging markets ‘fund of funds’, choosing toplace its own funds in other ... shipping and inspection services; advisory services,principally in the fields of economics, infrastructure and naturalresources; banking and fund management; and human resourcedevelopment. In ... recycledMONEY AND POWER [84]Bracking_06_cha05.qxd 10/02/2009 12:34 Page 84 2008). Globeleq, formed by Actis since 2000, acquired power assets in Asia, Africa and Latin America inenergy generation and...
... market failures in international trade and finance, particularly adverse selection and moral hazard in interna-tional credit and insurance’ (Mellor and Masters 1991: 505), thus, in conventional ... existing, and a further twelve remained negative in 2005, with seven notrecording. In other words, there was considerable disinvestment of‘free-floating’ portfolio holdings within Africa in both ... development finance might not be helping, might not help toattain the MDGs in the future, and indeed, might be a process in whichpoverty is, in a counterintuitive proposition, embedded and produced.So...
... Scandinavian engineeringfirms and French and German firms whose employees are increasinglymultilingual (ibid.). The multilateral organisations can thus be seen asthe intermediaries in an institutionalised ... French and British, as illustrated in Table 6.3. Mean-while, Japan, a more recent major powerin the international economy and with less historic influence in international financial and tradingaffairs, ... fallen, and partic-ularly in civil works contracts were reflecting instead the newcompetitive edge enjoyed by China and India globally in terms ofindustrial manufacture. In tables 7.4 and 7.5...
... companies, and in sponsoring financial institutions and instruments. The IFC set up itsCapital Markets Department back in 1971 and initiates a ‘high propor-tion’ of financial sector interventions ... World Bank and IFC, mainly on infrastructural projects, but during the 1980s and 1990s increased this co-operation through venture capital and financecompanies, andin the early 1990s, in terms ... with some large investments also in mining and quarrying, particularly in South Africa.While these investment positions are comparatively small in globalterms, are unevenly spread and are largely...
... (in May 2003) was of a 14 per cent stake in Flamingo Holdings with a $16million equity stake, a fully integrated horticultural business involved in growing, processing, packaging, marketing and ... ofParliament in March 2006 to the Infrastructure Zimbabwe DevelopmentBank, in addition to debt financing for housing and mortgage finance in the Low Cost Housing Project, Zimbabwe and the Zimbabwe ... CDC’s involvements are predominantly export-oriented or in the financial sector, illustrating well the role of DFIs in providing institutions and structures for the export, and then recy-cling,...
... richer, and increasing their demands in global meat and petrol markets. That being said, there is still an intuitively powerfulalternative explanation, that industrial conglomerates and financehouses ... reduction in their value, global inflation and rising oil pricessince the oil-producing countries’ elites and the US oil companieshave a shared interest in clawing back their profit margin as the ... representation and soforth, power is also concrete and material in its effects and practice. In this book power has been discussed unashamedly in terms of who hasthe money and the resources, in an instrumental...
... Changing Role of International BankLending in Development Finance’, IMF Staff Papers, 32(2), pp.517–63.Foucault, M. (1983) ‘Afterword: The Subject andPower . In HubertDreyfus and Paul Rabinow, ... reformed, including theinstitutions regulating trade and investment, immigration and devel-opment, as discussed here. The Great Predators, in particular, must bemanaged in a new incarnation ... Nation in Turmoil: The Experience of South AfricanFirms Doing Business in Zimbabwe. The South African Institute ofInternational Affairs, Business in Africa, Report no. 8, Pretoria.Gélinas,...
... 0(asn →∞),sincelim infn→0αn,0αn,i>0, ∀i ≥ 1. We obtain||Jxn− JSnjxn|| → 0(asn →∞),(3:11)since g(0) = 0 and g is strictly increasing and continuous. By (3.7) and (3.11), ... generalizedequilibrium problemsand fixed-point problemsin Banach space. Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2011 2011:17.Submit your manuscript to a journal and benefi t from:7 Convenient online submission7 ... 2.1(vii) and (iii) that there exists a point x Î E such that Jx =f0. By the definition of j, we obtainQu and Cheng Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2011, 2011:17http://www.fixedpointtheoryandapplications.com/content/2011/1/17Page...