electron acceptors and donors
Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Mutations in the docking site for cytochrome c on the Paracoccus heme aa3 oxidase Electron entry and kinetic phases of the reaction pptx
... oxidase, specifically addressing (a) the electron entry point to oxidase and its possible alternatives, (b) the size and extent of the acidic patch on subunit II, and (c) ways of experimentally influencing ... wild-type and mutant enzymes (Tables and 2) This analysis reflects and con- firms the kcat values obtained from turnover experiments Some of the mutants showed extremely slow reduction behaviour, and ... (oxidation of cytochrome c) and/ or 605 nm (reduction of heme a), and biphasic time courses were obtained Three independent measurements were done for each donor concentration, and the average was fitted...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Knock-out of the chloroplast-encoded PSI-J subunit of photosystem I in Nicotiana tabacum PSI-J is required for efficient electron transfer and stable accumulation of photosystem I pot
... subunits, PSI-F, PSI-G and PSI-N, have been implicated in the interaction between PSI and Pc [7–9] PSI-F contains one transmembrane helix and is exposed to both the lumen and the stroma: its rather ... (CHLRE) and Porphyra purpurea (PORPU)] and cyanobacteria [Synechcoccus elongatus (SYNEL) and Prochlorococcus marinus (PROMA)] Amino-acid residues involved in Chl binding [W (Trp), E (Glu) and H ... (as a loading control the left hand side shows the stained and the right hand side the actual Northern blot) (D) Immunoblot analysis of PSI complexes from wild-type and DpsaJ plants The panel on...
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A handbook for project managers, developers, implementers, evaluators and donors working to counter trafficking in persons. ppt
... for this handbook is in harmony with the key definitions previously mentioned, and is of common use and understanding by many project managers and implementers Hence, the key definitions and structure ... Counter-Trafficking Projects Introduction What Is the Handbook? This handbook is a resource and guide for project managers, developers, implementers, evaluators and donors working in the field of counter-trafficking, ... Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Principal drafters and contributors to this handbook included Rosilyne Borland, Sarah Craggs,...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Electron States and Light Absorption in Strongly Oblate and Strongly Prolate Ellipsoidal Quantum Dots in Presence of Electrical and Magnetic Fields" pot
... widths, effective masses of electrons and holes, their mobility, dielectric features, etc Many papers study these spectra by experiments and analysis, both in massive and SQ semiconductor structures ... the light absorption Therefore electronic states and direct inter-band light absorption are considered below for strongly oblate ellipsoidal quantum dots (SOEQD) and strongly prolate ellipsoidal ... > : a2 c2 1 where a1 and c1 are the short and long semiaxes of SPEQD, respectively As is known, in the strong SQ regime, the energy of Coulomb interaction between electron and hole can be considered...
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Báo cáo y học: "Alterations of alveolar type II cells and intraalveolar surfactant after bronchoalveolar lavage and perfluorocarbon ventilation. An electron microscopical and stereological study in the rat lung" pdf
... performed prior to lavage, at baseline and 30 and 60 minutes of therapy Fixation, sampling and processing All lungs (n = per group) underwent light and electron microscopical as well as stereological ... architecture (Tab 2), type II cells and lamellar bodies (Tab 3) and intraalveolar surfactant content (Tab 4) and its composition (Fig 4) are given Comparison of PF5080 and gas filled lungs revealed ... first time, quantifies effects of BAL and subsequent PF5080 administration upon intracellular and intraalveolar surfactant, using transmission electron microscopy and stereology Surfactant changes...
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Electrical switching and memory effects in electroactive polymers containing electron donor and acceptor moieties
... possess high electron- withdrawing ability and 30 are able to capture up to six electrons Thus, they have been widely used as electron acceptors to form CT complexes with some organic electron donors, ... component size and thus increase in speed, the structures of electronic devices are becoming more and more complicated and the fabrication processes are becoming more and more difficult and expensive ... trace (e and f) Stability of the ON and OFF states of the AzoNEt device under a constant stress of -1 V and read pulses of -1 V Figure 5.4 Summary of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels and surfaces,...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Enzymatic and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of anabolic pyruvate synthesis by pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Hydrogenobacter thermophilus doc
... ferredoxins, Fd1 and Fd2, from this bacterium are considered to serve as low-potential electron donors for this key reaction [8] POR is distributed among archaea, bacteria and anaerobic protozoa, and is ... decarboxylation of pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate, are anabolically reversed by POR and OGOR, respectively, as suggested by our early work [4], with Fd1 and Fd2 acting as physiological electron donors However, ... NAD+ The coupled assay also demonstrated that Fd1 and Fd2 function as electron mediators for POR (and also for OGOR) [45] in both the oxidative and reductive reactions These results corroborate...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Structural and mechanistic aspects of flavoproteins: electron transfer through the nitric oxide synthase flavoprotein domain pdf
... might help to address these issues [64] Electron flux and equilibrium A In general, electron flux through a protein depends on the rates of electron input and output, with either process being rate ... details speeding up k1 and k2 or by slowing FMNH2 formation), then the rate of electron input (k3) becomes an important factor for governing the electron flux, and consequently electron flux would ... dual-flavin and heme-thiolate enzymes: (a) the FMN subdomain interacts with its partner donor and acceptor domains all within an enzyme dimer; (b) electron transfer is suppressed in the basal state and...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Structural and mechanistic aspects of flavoproteins: photosynthetic electron transfer from photosystem I to NADP+ doc
... the control of Eox ⁄ sq, and particularly of Esq ⁄ hq, has also been demonstrated with several Flds [25,37,41,48–53] Electron nuclear double resonance and 1D and 2D electron spin echo envelope ... E31, R42, T48, D67, D68, D69, E94, and particularly D59, D62 and E95 (AnFd numbering) influence electron transfer and are involved in either the binding process or electron transfer itself [84–86] ... interaction and electron transfer with PSI [53,84,88–90] Many of these Fld mutants (T12V, E16Q, T56G, W57 replaced by K, R, F, L, A and Y, I59 replaced by A and K, Y94 replaced by A and F, N97K,...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Analysis of proteins and peptides on a chromatographic timescale by electron-transfer dissociation MS ppt
... peptides and proteins N D Udeshi et al dimethylation of Arg, monomethylation, dimethylation and trimethylation of Lys, acetylation and ubiquitination of Lys, and phosphorylation of Ser and Thr ... fragment ions of type c¢ and z¢Æ are shown with right-angle arrows above and below the sequence, respectively Singly and multiply charged ions are indicated by solid and dashed lines, respectively ... modification is found on proteins in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, is added and removed by transferase and O-GlcNAcase enzymes, respectively, and often occurs at sites that are known to be phosphorylated...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Structure of the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor extracellular domain in the unbound and hormone-bound states by single-particle electron microscopy ppt
... mechanism Fig Single-particle EM of apoECD and ANP–ECD (A) Representative electron micrograph and (B) class averages obtained for apoECD Similar electron micrographs and class averages were obtained for ... single-particle EM and Trp fluorescence studies for the transmembrane signaling mechanism of the ANP receptor are discussed Results and Discussion EM and single-particle reconstruction From electron micrographs ... the physiological structures On the other hand, it has been proposed that the hh dimer and tt dimer structures both occur, and represent the inactive and the hormone-activated states of the receptor,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Dynamics driving function ) new insights from electron transferring flavoproteins and partner complexes pdf
... oxidized and two -electron- reduced enzyme, and a ⁄ cycle, in which it cycles between a one- and three-electronreduced enzyme [30] This situation exists because, although the substrate can donate two electrons ... sequence homology and functional types Group I ETFs are a well-studied group of electron carriers, typically found in mammals and a few bacteria Mammalian ETFs are physiological electron acceptors for ... to the proteins FixB and FixA, equivalent to a-ETF and b-ETF, respectively, which are found in nitrogen-fixing and diazotrophic bacteria [14] These ETFs are often electron donors to enzymes such...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Inter-flavin electron transfer in cytochrome P450 reductase – effects of solvent and pH identify hidden complexity in mechanism potx
... transfer of two electrons from a two -electron donor, NADPH, to the obligatory one -electron acceptor moiety (the heme) in the P450s [16] Selective removal of the avin cofactors [4,17] and site-directed ... compilation ê 2008 FEBS 4541 Electron transfer in cytochrome P450 reductase S Brenner et al CPR [30]) and the second on the four -electron reduction by a second molecule of NADPH ($ and $ 3ặs)1, respectively) ... at 600 nm and the reduced CPR spectra (c), respectively; dotted and dashed lines represent selected intermediate spectra The solid lines in (C) and (D) reect the oxidized enzyme (a) and the thermodynamic...
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Raman spectroscopy and field electron emission properties of aligned silicon nanowire arrays
... EDAX) was used to study the morphology and chemical composition of the samples The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images were ... frequency shifts and the more asymmetric and the broader the peak becomes This feature has been confirmed by experiments on nanocrystalline silicon [22] and porous silicon [23] and SiNWs fabricated ... and can be scaled up with the reaction vessel size and may also be compatible with standard lithographic processes, this kind of SiNW arrays have potential application in field emission microelectronic...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Re-evaluation of intramolecular long-range electron transfer between tyrosine and tryptophan in lysozymes Evidence for the participation of other residues doc
... there might be some ÔleakageÕ in electron transfer These points are crucial for understanding of redox processes in biology and also for an eventual development of nanoelectronics Experimental procedures ... during this one -electron transfer from tyrosine to TrpÆ resemble the changes obtained with peptides containing both tryptophan and tyrosine; i.e absorbance maxima at % 510 and 410 nm, and isosbestic ... the TrpÆ and TyrOÆ yields in the lysozymes from the magnitudes of the absorbance changes at 510 and 410 nm and the assumption that the extinction coefficients of the protein bound radicals and those...
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Báo cáo Y học: The unorthodox histidine kinases BvgS and EvgS are responsive to the oxidation status of a quinone electron carrier ppt
... standard conditions in the presence of [c-32P]ATP as described above Then mM Q-0 and/ or 16 mM nonradioactive ATP were added After the addition of Q-0 and/ or ATP samples were taken immediately and ... Georgellis and coworkers [22], the quinones are membrane localized electron transporters which are interesting candidates as redox indicators for sensor proteins such as ArcB, BvgS and EvgS As ... CGAACTCAAGAGCATCATCGGCGG-3¢) and bvgSC4-b (5¢-CCAGCCGCCGATGATGCTCTTGAGTTCG CC-3¢), bvgS-Qmut1 (5¢-GCCCGCGAAATGGCCGAG TTCCTGCTC-3¢) and bvgS-Qmut2 (5¢-GAGCAGGAAC TCGGCCATTTCGCGGGC-3¢) and bvgS-Del-a (5¢-GA...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Determination of the redox potentials and electron transfer properties of the FAD- and FMN-binding domains of the human oxidoreductase NR1 doc
... Transients at 454 nm were found to be monophasic and were analysed by fitting to a standard single exponential expression For studies of electron transfer from electron- reduced FAD/NADPH domain to NADP+, ... a standard (+108 mV) A factor of +244 mV was used to correct relative to the standard hydrogen electrode Data manipulation and analysis were performed using ORIGIN (Microcal) For the FMN and ... absorbance, a, b and c are component absorbance values contributed by the relevant flavin in the oxidized, semiquinone and reduced states, respectively E is the observed potential, and E1¢ and E2¢ are...
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electron microscopy methods and protocols
... A W and Wilson, A J (1993) Basic Biological Preparation Techniques for TEM, in Procedures in Electron Microscopy, Wiley, England, ch 5 Newman, G R and Hobot, J A (1993) Resin Microscopy and On-Section ... the subtleties and hazards of this oversimplified description will be expanded upon below, and have recently From: Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 117: Electron Microscopy Methods and Protocols ... manuscript References Hall, J L and Hawes, C (eds.) (1991) Electron Microscopy of Plant Cells, Academic, London, England Glauert, A M (1974) Fixation, dehydration and embedding of biological specimens,...
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enzyme-catalyzed electron and radical transfer
... can interact favorably with the electron Studies of the distance dependence of electron transfer between donors and acceptors bridged by rigid covalent linkers and dissolved in an organic solvent ... diffusional encounter and assembly of electron transfer complexes and the role of protein structure in controlling the physical parameters (reorganisational energy and electronic coupling matrix ... Trimethylamine Dehydrogenase and Electron Transferring Flavoprotein Nigel S Scrutton and Michael J Sutcliffe Electron Transfer Proteins in Methylotrophic Bacteria Prosthetic Groups and Structure of TMADH...
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