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... 15 FreeSoftwaretoolsforembeddedsystems âCopyright2004ư2008,FreeElectrons CreativeCommonsAttributionưShareAlike2.5license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan24,2008 FreeSoftwaretoolsforembeddedsystems GNU/Linuxworkstation Crossưcompilingtoolchains 9 FreeSoftwaretoolsforembeddedsystems âCopyright2004ư2008,FreeElectrons CreativeCommonsAttributionưShareAlike2.5license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan24,2008 uClibc http://www.uclibc.org/fromCodePoetConsulting License:LGPL LightweightClibraryforsmallembeddedsystems,withmostfeatures though. ThewholeDebianWoodywasportedtoit ... 35 FreeSoftwaretoolsforembeddedsystems âCopyright2004ư2008,FreeElectrons CreativeCommonsAttributionưShareAlike2.5license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan24,2008 FreeSoftwaretoolsforembeddedsystems GNU/Linuxworkstation Varioustools 34 FreeSoftwaretoolsforembeddedsystems âCopyright2004ư2008,FreeElectrons CreativeCommonsAttributionưShareAlike2.5license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan24,2008 EmulatorsưSummary Systememulators Usefultoexperimentwithafullsystem,includingthekernel qemu:x86,x86_64,arm,sparc,ppc,mips SkyEye:severalarmarchitectures Useremulators UsefultorunordebuguserspacebinariesforotherCPUs qemu:x86,arm,sparc,ppc,mips ... 49 FreeSoftwaretoolsforembeddedsystems âCopyright2004ư2008,FreeElectrons CreativeCommonsAttributionưShareAlike2.5license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan24,2008 SysgoưKoanSoftware http://sysgo.com ELinOSdevelopmenttoolset, inparticularbasedonEclipse andtheLinuxTraceToolkit. IncludesFreeToolBox,afreely downloadablecompilingandrootfs creatingtoolchain. Supportsi386,armandppc. Hardrealưtimesupportwiththeirown microkernel(PikeOS), anapproachsimilartoRTAI. http://koansoftware.com MakersofKaeilOS (http://koansoftware.com/kaeilos/),aGPL embeddedLinuxdistributionforindustrial applications. KaeilOSsupportsi386andpopulararm platforms.Otherplatformssupportedupon request. Includesseveralgraphicaltoolkitsand supportshardrealưtime(RTAI,Xenomai, preemptionpatches). Unfortunately,KaeilOSisGPLbutnot availableforpublicdownload. 16 FreeSoftwaretoolsforembeddedsystems âCopyright2004ư2008,FreeElectrons CreativeCommonsAttributionưShareAlike2.5license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan24,2008 Standalonetoolchainbuild Buildingacrossưcompilingtoolchainbyyourselfisadifficultandpainfultask! Cantakedaysorweeks! Lotsofdetailstolearn.Severalcomponentstobuild (buildinggcctwice:onceforgcc+onceforcompilersthatneedtheClibrary). Lotsofdecisionstomake (suchasClibraryversionandconfigurationforyourplatform) NeedkernelheadersandClibrarysources Needtobefamiliarwithcurrentgccissuesandpatchesonyourplatform Usefultobefamiliarwithbuildingandconfiguringtools http://www.aleph1.co.uk/armlinux/docs/toolchain/toolchHOWTO.pdf canshowyouhowfunitcanbe! ...

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... 208–214. Cell -free translation for protein engineering Y. Shimizu et al. 4138 FEBS Journal 273 (2006) 41334140 ê 2006 The Authors Journal compilation ê 2006 FEBS MINIREVIEW Cell -free translation systems for ... cell -free translation systems might be used as the fundamental basis for cell-like systems. We review recent progress in the field of cell -free translation systems and describe their use as tools for ... factors and enzymes for aminoacylation, whereas in reconstituted cell -free translation systems [10] the purified compo- nents are added individually. Cell -free translation for protein engineering...

... client then calls the servers for pa- rameters to perform synchronous multi-stack search for each sentence to get the N-best list parse trees. Again, the expected count for a particular parameter of ... language models for statistical machine transla- tion. MT Summit IX., Intl. Assoc. for Machine Trans- lation. C. Chelba and F. Jelinek. 1998. Exploiting syntactic structure for language modeling. The ... the training corpus D. For the WORD- PREDICTOR and the SEMANTIZER, the number of possible semantic annotation sequences is expo- nential, we use forward-backward recursive formu- las that are similar...

... models in machine translation. In Proc. of EMNLP-CoNLL, pages 858–867. P. Chang, M. Galley, and C. Manning. 2008. Optimiz- ing Chinese word segmentation for machine transla- tion performance. ... 2004. A smor- gasbord of features for statistical machine transla- tion. In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL. F. Och. 2003. Minimum error rate training for statisti- cal machine translation. In Proc. of ... Chinese syntactic reordering for statistical machine transla- tion. In Proc. of EMNLP-CoNLL, pages 737–745. D. Wu. 1996. A polynomial-time algorithm for statis- tical machine translation. In Proc....

... Association for Computational Linguistics A Discriminative Syntactic Word Order Model for Machine Translation Pi-Chuan Chang ∗ Computer Science Department Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 pichuan@stanford.edu Kristina ... model for machine translation which makes use of both syntactic and surface information. The framework for our statistical model is as fol- lows. We assume the existence of a dependency tree for ... error were 4% for Per- mutations and 2% for TargetProjective, computed on reference sentences. We compare the performance in BLEU of orders selected from both spaces. We evaluate the perfor- mance...

... integer variable for each pair of hotels Fast Decoding and Optimal Decoding for Machine Translation Ulrich Germann , Michael Jahr , Kevin Knight , Daniel Marcu , and Kenji Yamada Information Sciences ... Computer Science University of Southern California Stanford University 4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 1001 Stanford, CA 94305 Marina del Rey, CA 90292 jahr@cs.stanford.edu germann,knight,marcu,kyamada @isi.edu Abstract A ... before returning to the start. how to express MT decoding (Model 4 plus En- glish bigrams) in IP format. We first create a salesman graph like the one in Figure 3. To do this, we set up a city for...

... significant almost all training conditions for both languages; BLEU improvements are significant in all conditions for Finnish and for the two smallest training sets for German. The effect on the overall ... applied before training and after gener- ating the output in the target language. Normaliza- tion of English/German inflectional morphology to base forms for the purpose of word alignment is performed ... (Zitouni et al., 2003) for language modeling and by (Gildea, 2001) for semantic role labeling. (Resnik et al., 2001) used backoff trans- lation lexicons for cross-language information re- trieval....

... issue in machine translation. In this paper we describe a technical solution for the issue, and reSent the performance evaluation of a machine trans- tion system on telegraphic messages before ... most likely tag for each word is assigned, contextual transformations are used to improve the accuracy. We have evaluated the tagger performance on the TEST Data both before and after training ... experiment. For this experiment, the subjects were asked to study a number of MUC- II sentences, and create about 20 MUC-II-like sentences. These 121 Ambiguity Resolution for Machine Translation...

... 10 Edmundson and Hays Word: a form that represents a set of forms differing only in inflection. For example, "great" and "greater" are forms of the same word, while "great* ... used here was designed for convenient machine printing. 2. H.P. Edmundson, D.G. Hays, E.K.Renner, and R.I.Sutton, "Studies in Machine Translation — 4: Manual for Pre-editing Russian ... marks before and after the occurrence, and the Russian form of the oc- currence. In order to record all of the information needed in translation and analysis, two cards are required for each...

... Association for Computational Linguistics Discriminative Modeling of Extraction Sets for Machine Translation John DeNero and Dan Klein Computer Science Division University of California, Berkeley {denero,klein}@cs.berkeley.edu Abstract We ... model outperforms both un- supervised and supervised word aligners at pre- dicting word alignments and extraction sets. We also demonstrate that extraction sets are useful for end-to-end machine ... are useful for training alignment models (Fraser and Marcu, 2006; Fraser and Marcu, 2007). The ITG gram- mar formalism, the corresponding word alignment class, and inference procedures for the class...

... Semantic Roles (Gimenez and Marquez, 2007) proposed using deeper linguistic information to evaluate MT per- formance. For evaluation in the ACL-07 MT work- shop, the authors used the metric which ... overlaps SR-O r -t for all the different se- mantic roles t that are found in the system and ref- erence translation sentence. A uniform average of the counts is then taken as the score for the sen- tence ... sentences for Europarl and 2,007 English sentences for News Commentary) and their translations in various lan- guages. As part of the workshop, correlations of the automatic metrics were measured for...

... N for i = 1; i ≤ M; i = i +1 do for j = 1; j ≤ N; j = j +1 do for k = 1; k ≤ i; k = k +1 do for m = 1; m ≤ j; m = m +1 do score i,j,k,m = max{score i−1,j,k,m ,score i,j−1,k,m } ; end for end for score i,j,i,j = max n=1,M;p=1,N {score i,j,i,j , ... |ref|; for i = 1; i ≤ M; i = i +1 do for j = 1; j ≤ N; j = j +1 do for k = 1; k ≤ i; k = k +1 do for m = 1; m ≤ j; m = m +1 do score i,j,k,m = max{score i−1,j,k,m , score i,j−1,k,m }; end for end for if ... Daniel Gildea. 2005. Syntactic fea- tures for evaluation of machine translation. In ACL 2005 Workshop on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evalua- tion Measures for Machine Translation and/or Sum- marization. Bo...

... lexicon was used for content words. Only a bilingual lexi- con for closed class words and a set of bilingual templates were used. Therefore, new bilingual entries were obtained for all the content ... more information than the corre- sponding bag of lexical items before parsing. Its elements get enriched with additional informa- tion instantiated during the parsing process. In- formation ... introduces a transfer macro, which takes two descriptions as arguments and performs some additional transfer (Turcato et al., 1997). De- scriptions are mainly expressed by macros, in- troduced...