drug interactions in humans
Managing Drug Interactions in the Treatment of HIV-Related Tuberculosis docx
... 8, Predicting Drug Interactions Involving Rifamycins Knowledge of the mechanisms of drug interactions can help predict the likelihood of an interaction, if that specific combination of drugs has ... polypharmacy, overlapping side effect profiles of antituberculosis drugs and antiretroviral drugs, immune reconstitution in ammatory syndrome, and drug- drug interactions The key interactions, and the ... that the drug- drug interactions between the rifamycins and antiretroviral drugs be managed, not avoided by using tuberculosis treatment regimens that not include a rifamycin or by withholding antiretroviral...
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In vivo aspects of potential stereospecific drug interactions of oral warfarin and rutin in rats
... rutin treated rats in single dose study using WinNonlin 49 3.3 R- warfarin (mean) curve fitting for (a) control and (b) rutin treated rats in single dose study using WinNonlin 50 3.4 Changes in ... warfarin elimination in different animal species 15 1.5 Warfarin drug interactions 23 1.6 Warfarin interactions with herbs and herbal products 26 1.7 Drug information: Rutin 30 1.8 Pharmacokinetic ... WARFARIN DRUG INTERACTIONS Drug interactions involving oral anticoagulants are broadly classified as Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Allergic or Idiopathic Pharmacokinetic interactions involve...
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Báo cáo y học: "Effect of Acute Administration of an Herbal Preparation on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Humans"
... after treatment ingestion After eating, an increase in heart rate occurred in all three treatment groups The increase in heart rate does not coincide with the pharmacokinetics including blood levels ... caffeine users with respect to RER In summary, the results of this study indicate that ingestion of a product containing bitter orange extract (p-synephrine), caffeine and green tea extract in ... differences in pharmacological properties of the m- and p- isomers of synephrine can be explained on the basis of adrenergic receptor binding It is well known that, in general, binding to α-adrenergic...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 17)
... containing isoamyl nitrite as a main component b) In the commercial products of an alkyl nitrite, small amounts of corresponding alkyl alcohol, the decomposition product, are contained Since ... containing nitrite esters Jpn J Toxicol 13:85–86 (in Japanese) 5) Bradberry SM, Whittington RM, Parry DA et al (1994) Fatal methemoglobinemia due to inhalation of isobutyl nitrite J Toxicol Clin ... metabolite in rats Drug Metab Dispos 28:386–391 12) Seger DL (1992) Methemoglobin-forming chemicals In: Sullivan JB Jr, Krieger GR (eds) Hazardous Materials Toxicology – Clinical Principles of...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 67)
... amount of the derivatization reagent has to be injected into GC/MS, resulting in the marked contamination of the ion source of an MS instrument The lighting-up time for the filament should be delayed ... poisoning symptoms, marked miosis and lowered levels of cholinesterase activity characteristic for organophosphorus compound poisoning appear first; in severer poisoning, dyspnea, enhanced sweating, ... procedures including various documents clarifying the purpose of its use are required VX and its decomposition products d) Upon the use of t-BDMS derivatization of EMPA, the final solution containing...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 20)
... 11-nor-9-carboxy-∆9tetrahydrocannabinol in urine J Anal Toxicol 8:255–259 13) Foltz RL, McGinnis KM, Chinn DM (1983) Quantitative measurement of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol and two major metabolites in physiological specimens using ... factory worker was killed by being caught in a machine during working with it The concentrations of ∆9-THC-11-oic acid measured by GC/MS were 78 and 12 ng/mL in urine and blood, respectively; 0.7 ... ME, Sadler BM, Brine D et al (1983) Metabolism, disposition, and kinetics of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in men and women Clin Pharmacol Ther 34:352–363 2) Agurell S, Halldin M, Lindgren J-E et...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 21)
... (1992) Increased urinary morphine, codeine and tetrahydropapaveroline in Parkinsonian patient undergoing L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine therapy: a possible biosynthetic pathway of morphine from ... food containing poppy seeds [9] It should be noted that an amount of codeine comparable to that of morphine are also included in the poppy seed- containing foods [10] The half-life of heroin disappearance ... seeds are being used for various foods; when the foods including the seeds are eaten, an appreciable amounts of morphine (including its conjugates) are reported to be excreted into urine [9] Because...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 70)
... product containing nitrate ingested could not be specified in the present poisoning case Notes a) When nitrite is present in blood, methemoglobin is formed immediately In severe poisoning cases, ... Cyanosis in infants caused by nitrates in well water JAMA 257:2788–2792 12) Fan AM, Steinberg VE (1996) Health implications of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water: an update on methemoglobinemia ... clinical symptoms according to the concentrations of methemoglobin are presented ⊡ Table 5.1 Clinical symptoms appearing according to methemoglobin concentrations Methemoglobin concentration not...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 71 and End)
... determination of methemoglobin in blood containing carboxyhemoglobin Forensic Sci Int 17:177–184 7) Sato K (1983) A method for determination of methemoglobin in blood containing carboxyhemoglobin ... Microdetermination of oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin in a single sample of blood J Biol Chem 126:655–662 2) Leahy T, Smith R (1960) Notes on methemoglobin determination Clin Chem ... 2-amino-6-hydroxymethyl8-hydroxyquinazoline 482 aminomethyl phosphonic acid 546 7-aminonitrazepam 19 5-aminoquinoline 499 amitriptyline 271, 274, 276 amniotic fluid 12 amobarbital 301, 303, 305, 308, 309 amoxapine 271,...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 22)
... 10.6 on average for urine sampled 0–8 h after the inhalation The ratios increased according to the increase in time interval between the inhalation and samplings [13–15] In the present case, the ... cocaine in urine was as much as 8.5 % ( > Table 4.1) According to human experiments, the urinary ratio of BE to cocaine was reported to be 5.9 on average for urine sampled 0–1 h after cocaine inhalation; ... suggesting a relatively short period between the times of his ingestion and death In addition, the ratios of cocaine to BE in blood and in the brain, and the brain-to-blood ratios of cocaine and...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 23)
... pentazocine in blood The recovery of pentazocine using the Sep-Pak C18 cartridge was close to 100 % for both whole blood and urine [8] In this method, dextromethorphan is used as IS; the drug is being ... 7–8 min, respectively The amount of pentazocine and IS spiked into mL of blank whole blood or urine was equally 50 ng ⊡ Figure 5.2 222 Pentazocine Pentazocine In two autopsy cases of pentazocine ... 150 °C (1 min) → 20 °C/min → 280 °C; injection temperature: 280 °C; carrier gas: He; its flow rate: mL/min; injection: splitless mode for min, followed by the split mode MS conditions; instrument:...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 24)
... center were 0.5–1.9 ng/mL in blood and 0.2–7.7 ng/mL in urine [4] References 1) Tu AT (1999) Principle of Toxicology – Science of Poisons – Jiho Inc., Tokyo, pp 108–109 (in Japanese) 2) The Pharmaceutical ... obtained for purification by LC under an ultraviolet light For a piece of paper, which is suspected to contain LSD, the drug is extracted by adding % tartaric acid aqueous solution and by shaking ... (1992) Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis in Poisoning – With Commentary – Nanzando, Tokyo, p 43 and p 151 (in Japanese) 3) Cody JT (2000) Hallucinogens In: Bogusz MJ (ed) Handbook of Analytical...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 25)
... Services Administration (SAMHSA) is 250 ng/mL Symptoms, and toxic and fatal concentrations MDMA causes increased catecholamine (including serotonin) release and blockade of reuptake resulting in cardiac ... touching within” [1] b) MDA, MDMA and MDEA are all classified as Schedule I drugs in the US, and as Class A drugs in the UK However, MBDB is currently uncontrolled in both countries, as well as in ... MDEA, obtained from clandestine tablets, are shown in > Fig 7.3 The MDAs produce EI mass spectra characterized by intense ions resulting from the α-cleavage of the amines and some less intense...
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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 26)
... dichloromethane containing cyclized GHB is more than 100 µL in the vial, the proportion of dichloromethane gas, being contained in the headspace vapor to be injected after heating, becomes too high; ... (1989) Phencyclidine pharmacokinetics after a massive overdose Ann Intern Med 111:613–615 25) Young JD, Crapo LM (1992) Protracted phencyclidine coma from an intestinal deposit Arch Intern Med 152:859–860 ... DE, Leikin JB (1996) The determination of phencyclidine in meconium using ion trap mass spectrometry J Forensic Sci 41:1057–1059 21) Cook CE, Brine DR, Jeffcoat AR et al (1982) Phencyclidine disposition...
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Tài liệu Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 27) ppt
... Poisoning due to psychotropic agents Adverse Drug React Acute Poisoning Rev 4:83–126 3) Geraut A, Kintz P, Traqui A et al (1994) Toxicological findings in a fatality involving chlorpromazine Bull Int ... in 100 µL methanol and a 2- µL of it was injected into GC/MS GC/MS analysis ii Preparation Each drug is dissolved in methanol to prepare mg/mL solutionb Many of the phenothiazine drugs are in ... Phenothiazines ⊡ Table 1.1 Structures of phenothiazine drugs TIC and mass chromatograms (MCs) for phenothiazines 1: triflupromazine; 2: promethazine; 3: chlorpromazine; 4: levomepromazine; 5: thioridazine...
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Tài liệu Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 28) pptx
... diphenhydramine was injected into her intravenously; she recovered days after admission For the male baby, similar treatments, such as intravenous injection of mannitol and diphenhydramine, were ... procedure i–v described in the GC/MS analysis section is followed for a urine or blood specimen to obtain a residue containing butyrophenones The residue is dissolved in 0.1 mL of the mobile ... temperature: 100 °C (1 min) → 30 °C/min → 270 °C (30 s) → °C/min → 290 °C (5 min); injection temperature: 260 °C; separator temperature: 280 °C; carrier gas: He; its flow rate: 1.5 mL/min; MS ionization...
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Tài liệu Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 29) ppt
... antidepressants Compound amitriptyline amoxapine carbamazepine clomipramine desipramine dosulepin imipramine lofepramine maprotiline mianserin nortriptyline setiptiline trimipramine** Therapeutic level* ... carbamazepine obtained by HPLC-UV A: carbamazepine, B: desipramine, C: maprotiline, D: nortriptyline, E: amoxapine, F: setiptiline, G: mianserin, H: imipramine, I: amitriptyline, J: trimipramine, ... carbamazepine obtained by GC/MS A: amitriptyline, B: mianserin, C: nortriptyline, D: imipramine, E: desipramine, F: promethazine (IS), G: setiptiline, H: carbamazepine, I: maprotiline, J: clomipramine,...
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Tài liệu Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 30) doc
... i) Since proteins are usually eluted within min, the eluate is not introduced into MS, but drained outside during this period After this time, the valve is switched to introduce clean eluate into ... nitro-group containing drugs, such as nitrazepam, nimetazepam, clonazepam and flunitrazepam, the nitro group is rapidly metabolized into an amino group (in the 7-position) after being absorbed into human ... conventional Narcotics Control Law was changed into the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Law in 1990 in Japan, and benzodiazepines have become included in the drug list to be controlled Therefore,...
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Tài liệu Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 31) ppt
... possibility that interfering impurity peaks appear in trace analysis of drugs As a column for the Extrelut packing, a glass syringe can be used tert-Butyl methyl ether has a boiling point higher than ... volume plastic bottle containing about a half volume of water were found By dental findings, the remains were found to be a 46-year-old male who had been missing for months Using the femoral bone marrow, ... chromatography-mass spectrometry A fatal poisoning by ingestion of a drug containing acetaminophen, ethenzamide and bromvaleryurea Jpn J Legal Med 39:386–391 (in Japanese with an English abstract) 10)...
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Tài liệu Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 32) ppt
... room, tablets of Vegetamin (a combined drug containing, phenobarbital, promethazine and Survived and fatal poisoning cases chlorpromazine) and one capsule of Insumin (flurazepam) were found From ... poisoning cases due to a combined drug or multiple drugs including a barbiturate Case [27]: a 40–45 year-old (estimated) female was found dead on a bed of a hotel In her room, tablets of Vegetamin ... Barbiturates ⊡ Figure 6.2 Incidence of fatal barbiturate poisoning cases Since fatal cases due to Vegetamin® tablets containing phenobarbital are many, its incidence rate is also shown in this figure and...
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