... zero even at the 95% level in Canada, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK andthe US Moreover, while in some countries, (including Finland, the UK andthe US) residential ... also for these countries the existence of cointegration could not be rejected We therefore specify the VAR models in the level ofthe variables Nevertheless, we neither impose the number of cointegrating ... to offset the macro economic effects ofthe collapse ofthe bubble).2 Of course, it is by no means clear that central banks are better able to judge the appropriate level of asset prices and the...
... in the overall (tertiary) structure ofthe protein Figure shows the fluorescence spectra of wild-type SNase andthe four mutants E142O, K133A, W140A and W140O The fluorescence spectra of E142O and ... analysis of protein unfolding The DSC curves ofthe wild-type protein andthe mutants K133A, E142O, W140A and W140O are shown in Fig 3, with their thermodynamic parameters summarized in Table The ... that ofthe wild-type protein However, the fluorescence in the mutants without tryptophan at 140 (W140A and W140O) was much lower than both the wild-type protein and mutants E142O and K133A Thermal...
... structure The high stabilityof ovorubin oligomers might be due to a shift ofthe pK ofthe amino acid residues beyond 12, owing to their involvement in salt bridges At acidic pH, thestabilityof ovorubin ... giving the best fit to the scattering intensity The resulting dummy atom model represents the shape ofthe scattering particle To increase the reliability ofthe results, the final model for the dummy ... comparison with the one obtained at pH 6.0 No preferential loss of signal in the region of any ofthe aromatic residues was observed, suggesting a global loss ofthe tertiary structure of ovorubin...
... connected to an increased thermostability ofthe protein itself, we monitored the thermal unfolding of WT and YQ proCPU-CHis Compared with the WT, the midpoint temperature (Tm) ofthe protein-unfolding ... demonstrated similar Km values ofthe native and WT, andthe YQ mutant CPU with a synthetic and physiological substrate of CPU There seem to be no major changes in the positioning ofthe propeptide, as indicated ... instructions Expression of mutant proCPUs in insect cells Determination ofthe half-life (T1/2) of CPU’s activity The T1 ⁄ ofthe activity ofthe best mutants secreted in the supernatant ofthe cells in...
... capacity (DCp) and difference of DCp of mutant from wild-type (%) were determined andthe results for the wild-type protein and 20 mutants are given in Table The DHcal and Tm ofthe wild-type ... calculated based on the description of Privalov and Potekhin [6] residue substitution on the destabilization of secondary structure that leads to the large perturbation ofthestabilityofthe protein ... 33% lower than that ofthe wild-type protein The thermodynamic parameters ofthe glycine sustitution mutants also differed greatly from the wild-type protein The Tm values of these mutants ranged...
... acetyl group, the molecular mass was calculated to be 8670 Da The alignment ofthe amino-acid sequence oflung sh calhepatin with other members ofthe S100 family indicates that the number of amino-acid ... predicted using the SwissModel automated modelling package based on the crystal and/ or NMR structures of other members ofthe family The molecule is depicted in strand representation, and a helices ... summary ofthe sequence analyses andthe resulting primary structure oflung sh calhepatin is shown in Fig The protein is composed of 75 residues From its aminoacid sequence, assuming that the N-terminus...
... introduced alanine at these two positions, with the aim of determining whether any ofthe observed effects were a result of changes in the size and charge ofthe amino acid at these positions Results ... the conformation of this loop Changes in the conformation ofthe backbone at this point and changes in the orientation of other side chains, as a result ofthe introduction ofthe large charged ... at 37 °C, the significantly lower yield ofthe variants may also be the result of dissociation followed by proteolysis ofthe monomers The effects of these mutations on temperature stability is...
... addition, the effects of reciprocal mutations of two non-conserved DNA binding site residues (VsEndA, Q69N and K71N; VcEndA, N69Q and N71K) on the kinetics, thermostability and salt dependence of these ... 4A,D) The results ofthe present study show that the Km values are strongly affected by the NaCl concentration, similar to the surface charge ofthe enzyme The higher positive charge of VsEndA therefore ... mutations are not in the immediate vicinity ofthe active site situated at the bottom ofthe positively charged pocket, but are still likely to affect the shape, stabilityand charge ofthe DNA binding...
... in the range 15) 60 C The results ofthe analysis of these curves using the linear extrapolation model (LEM) are shown in Tables andand Fig 4AC There is a slight temperature dependence ofthe ... the interaction ofthe 4Â-PP group with the polypeptide backbone and its effect on thestabilityof holo-ACP The average major conformation ofthe holo-ACP NMR structure was analyzed for ligandprotein ... regulated The differences in stability between the two proteins (as indicated by the values of DGwater, Cm and Tg) hence arise from the changes in the surface ofthe protein because ofthe interactions...
... cmÀ2) Decay of PL intensity is a good indication ofthestabilityof porous silicon particularly ofthe surface bond configurations [3,16] In Fig 4(A), decay ofthe PL intensity at the peak wavelength ... The photochemical etching method with H2O2 solution does not generate a toxic material unlike in the case of HNO3 [11] Moreover, the addition of H2O2 to the etching mixture raises the pH ofthe ... structure of PS leads to an enormous increase in surface area andthe presence of large number of unpaired bonds at the surface which alter the surface recombination rates and consequently the PL...
... [24], andthe C1s protease ofthe C1 complex of complement [25] Thus, the Trp band can be regarded as a characteristic fingerprint ofthe native fold of PSP-I and PSP-II The near-UV CD spectra ofthe ... reversed by the addition of EDTA to the sample (Fig 2A) On the other hand, no significant decrease in the heterodimer stability was observed in the presence of mm CaCl2 (Table 1), emphasizing the specificity ... PSP-I and PSP-II subunits are also characterized by the presence of this band (data not shown), strongly suggesting that they preserve the overall fold ofthe CUB domain In the presence of Zn2+...
... neutralization ofthe effect ofthe mutation D72K on the protein’s global charge was not sufficient to fully reverse the negative effect on thestabilityof cyt c6 The apparent stabilityofthe mutants ... residues K8 and D72 are located near the crossing region ofthe helices, andthe Nx atom of K8 is found ˚ at a distance of 6.2 A from the nearest side-chain oxygen of D72 Taking the functionally and ... electrostatic interactions ofthe side-chain of D72 that contribute to thestabilityof cyt c6 are at least partially local, and that the adverse effects ofthe mutations D72K and D72N cannot be entirely...
... (1982), and Cambell and Mankiw (1987) assume the stationarity ofthe rst log difference ofthe real GDP and emphasize on the usage of ARIMA models in an attempt to estimate the long-term trend of ... well as the U.S on aggregate exhibited distinct downturn ofthe real estate cycle between the third quarter of 2006 andthe rst quarter of 2007 Finally we found that the state level economic and ... proximity from the economically dominant states plays quite a signi cant role in the formation ofthe business cycle patterns ofthe former group of states The business cycle patterns ofthe major...
... stabilityofthe quadratic functional equation Since then, thestability problems of various functional equation have been extensively investigated by a number of authors [8-20] Stabilityof quadratic ... Park et al Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011:104 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2011/1/104 Page of By (2.6), the right-hand side ofthe above inequality ... (3:8) for all a, b ∈ A and λ ∈ T Letting b = in (3.8), we have T(la) = l2T(a), for all a, b ∈ A and λ ∈ T Now, it follows from the proof of Theorem 2.1 andthe continuity f and j that T is ℂ-linear...
... “On thestabilityofthe linear functional equation,” Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences ofthe United States of America, vol 27, pp 222–224, 1941 Th M Rassias, “On thestabilityof ... A Baker, Thestabilityofthe cosine equation,” Proceedings ofthe American Mathematical Society, vol 80, no 3, pp 411–416, 1980 15 M Eshaghi Gordji and A Bodaghi, “On thestabilityof quadratic ... A and λ ∈ T Letting b in 3.14 , we have L λa λ2 L a , for all a, b ∈ A and λ ∈ T Now, it follows from the proof of Theorem 2.1 and continuity of f and φ that T is C-linear If we substitute c and...
... to the number of roots ofthe characteristic polynomial inside the unit circle andthe number of conditions at the end ofthe interval of integration is equal to the number of roots outside the ... In the discrete case it essentially states that the number of initial conditions should be equal to the number of roots ofthe characteristic polynomial inside the unit circle and, of course, the ... necessarily to thestabilityofthe zero solution ofthe same equation It is known that the well-conditioning of a linear boundary value problem, either continuous or discrete, is related to the so called...
... can use the restriction of X(t, τ ) to V instead of X in the above formula) Now we will derive some properties ofthe central exponent of linear DAE of index andof its corresponding ODE Theorem ... C-function of im P (t) of (3.11) Thus, C-classes R of (2.1) and RUimP ofthe invariant subspace im P ofthe solution space of (3.11) coincide Suppose that xδ (t) is a solution ofthe perturbed ... DAE of index andthe matrices A(t), B(t), A−1 , P (t) are bounded on R+ Then the central exponent Ωx of (2.1) is smaller than or equal to the central exponent Ωu ofthe corresponding ODE of (2.1)...
... related to the frequency of previous measurements Within the analysis ofthe hypothesis ofthe dependence of dieback of subdominant trees standard parameters of differences between upper and lower ... the proportion of larch slightly decreased, nevertheless, the species has taken up steadily 35% ofthe reduced stand area in the last 20 years On the other hand, the proportion ofthe second main ... At an age of 51 years, the stand with the proportion of beech and larch 80 and 20%, respectively, had the total growing stock of 430 m3/ha With the proportion of beech and larch 60 and 40%, respectively,...
... analyse the impact of different DR and LV on the "actual fluence maps" using the same "optimal fluence map" and thereby the impact on the number of monitor unitsandthe dose-volume-histogram ofthe ... dose areas) The higher the DR andthe lower the LV, the higher was the dose given to the PTV and OAR The D55 and D90 ofthe rectum differed by 0.2% – 3.7% and 0.3% – 3.9% relative to the mean over ... each other by use ofthe gamma index evaluation with mm and 3% [4-6] The relation between the gamma index andthe number of monitor units were analysed The number of monitor units depends on the...
... strain and species, the challenge and sensitization protocol, andthe phase ofthe response The reasons for this are probably related to contributions by other CCR3 ligands, other chemokine receptors ... cells and Th2 lymphocytes in thelung to generate the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α These cytokines stimulate the generation of eotaxin by lung epithelial ... Prevention ofthe effects of eotaxin is also the aim of therapy developed to interfere with leukocyte trafficking to thelung Neutralization of eotaxin by an antibody is a possible route to therapy...