disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism
Báo cáo y học: "Hormone replacement therapy, calcium and vitamin D3 versus calcium and vitamin D3 alone decreases markers of cartilage and bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN46523456]" ppsx
... Radiographs Radiographs of the hands, wrists, and distal part of the feet were obtained at baseline and after 12 and 24 months Forty joints in the hands and feet were scored (in the hands, proximal interphalangeal ... on serum markers of bone and cartilage metabolism (a) Effect of HRT on serum (S) levels of metabolism type I collagen C-telopeptide (CTX-I) (b) Effect of HRT on serum levels of cartilage oligomeric ... effects of HRT on biochemical markers of both bone and cartilage metabolism in RA in postmenopausal women This report is the first to show that HRT resulted in reduction of markers of both bone and...
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Báo cáo y học: "Regional characterization of energy metabolism in the brain of normal and MPTP-intoxicated mice using new markers of glucose and phosphate transport" doc
... al.: Regional characterization of energy metabolism in the brain of normal and MPTP-intoxicated mice using new markers of glucose and phosphate transport Journal of Biomedical Science 2010 17:91 ... EL and HA: carried out the immunofluorescence assays and drafted the manuscript; JLB and MS: conceived the envelope-derived tagged ligands while; JLB, HA, ML and JT: generated, optimized and ... regional distribution of the inorganic phosphate (Pi) and glucose transporter in the brain of normal and MPTPintoxicated mice Pi and glucose represent key molecules in cellular energy metabolism The...
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Effect of Calcium and Magnesium Addition on Arsenic Leaching from Paddy Field Soil of Bangladesh
... (mg/L) (mg/L) of Ca and Mg added Amount of Ca and Mg added (mg/L) (a) (b) Adsorbed Ca, Mg (mg/g) Fig - Concentration profiles of (a) As and (b) Fe in leachate with the addition of Ca and Mg in different ... (mg/g) a average ± standard deviation of samples However, upon addition of 100 mg/L each of Ca and Mg leaching of As decreased to 24.6 and 23.3 µg/L, respectively Leaching of As was decreased ... surface Fig shows the profiles of leached As in different P concentrations in GW with and without the addition of Ca and Mg In the absence of P without the addition of Ca and Mg, leached As was...
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Effects of compost and phosphate amendments on arsenic mobility in soils and arsenic uptake by the hyper
... treatments decreased Fig Soil pH (a and b) and DOC (c and d) in the CCA (a, c) soil and ASC (b, d) soil samples after compost and phosphate treatments as a function of time CCA, chromated–copper–arsenate, ... pathway from inorganic and methylated forms of As (Onken and Adriano, 1997) Akins and Lewis (1976) added DSMA-74As to a soil system and measured a loss of 74As The loss of 74As from the reduced ... mechanism of P-enhanced release of As in the soil and subsequent promotion of As movement through the soil by competition of dissolved As and P for ion adsorption sites (Davenport and Peryea,...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 1) pps
... marrow Threefourths of the nucleated cells of bone marrow are committed to the production of leukocytes Leukocyte maturation in the marrow is under the regulatory control of a number of different factors, ... factors (CSFs) and interleukins (ILs) Because an alteration in the number and type of leukocytes is often associated with disease processes, total white blood count (WBC) (cells per µL) and differential ... final stages of maturation, no cell division occurs, and the cell passes through the metamyelocyte stage and then to the band neutrophil with a sausage-shaped nucleus (Fig 61-3) As the band cell...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 2) docx
... band form Döhle bodies are discrete, blue-staining nongranular areas found in the periphery of the cytoplasm of the neutrophil in infections and other toxic states They represent aggregates of ... characteristics and specific cell-surface markers are listed for each maturational stage Figure 61-3 Neutrophil band with Döhle body The neutrophil with a sausage-shaped nucleus in the center of the ... Stages of neutrophil development shown schematically G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) and GM-CSF (granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 3) pps
... only a subset of mature neutrophils The meaning of neutrophilheterogeneity is not known The morphology of eosinophils and basophils is shown in Fig 61-6 Figure 61-6 Normal eosinophil and basophil ... compartments: one freely flowing and one marginated The freely flowing pool is about one-half the neutrophils in the basal state and is composed of those cells that are in the blood and not in contact with ... CSFs, complement fragments, and chemokines, mobilize leukocytes from the bone marrow and deliver them to the blood in an unstimulated state Under normal conditions, ~90% of the neutrophil pool is...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 4) pps
... endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and prostaglandins E and I Cytokines regulate some of these processes [e.g., TNF-α induction of VEGF, interferon (IFN) γinhibition of prostaglandin E] In the healthy adult, ... opsonized by IgG and C3b Fibronectin and the tetrapeptide tuftsin also facilitate phagocytosis With phagocytosis comes a burst of oxygen consumption and activation of the hexose-monophosphate shunt ... oxidase, consisting of membrane and cytosolic components, is assembled and catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to superoxide anion, which is then converted to hydrogen peroxide and other toxic oxygen...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 5) potx
... for malignancy or control of autoimmune disorders These drugs cause neutropenia because they result in decreased production of rapidly growing progenitor (stem) cells of the marrow Certain antibiotics ... blood and bone marrow lymphocytosis, neutropenia, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, splenomegaly, rheumatoid arthritis, and absence of lymphadenopathy Such patients may have a chronic and relatively ... associated with increased risk of infection than neutropenia of long duration (months to years) that reverses in response to infection or carefully controlled administration of endotoxin (see "Laboratory...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 6) doc
... to infection and other forms of acute inflammation and results from both release of the marginated pool and mobilization of marrow reserves Persistent neutrophilia with cell counts of ≥30,000–50,000/µL ... chronic inflammation and certain myeloproliferative diseases Increased marrow release and mobilization of the marginated leukocyte pool are induced by glucocorticoids Release of epinephrine, as ... and lower serum neutrophil-binding IgG Some Felty's syndrome patients also have neutropenia associated with an increased number of LGLs Splenomegaly with peripheral trapping and destruction of...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 7) pot
... features of the important inherited disorders of phagocyte function are shown in Table 61-4 Table 61-3 Types of Granulocyte and Monocyte Disorders Cause of Indicated Dysfunction ... Recessive) Severe infections of No respiratory NBT or DHR test; skin, ears, lungs, liver, and burst due to the lack of no superoxide and H2O2 bone with catalase-positive one of four NADPH production ... Recurrent infections of Abnormal skin, ears, and sinopulmonary chemotaxis, tract; delayed wound healing; respiratory decreased Lack of secondary impaired (specific) burst and neutrophils inflammation;...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 8) pot
... expression of leukocyte integrins on neutrophils or activated T and B cells Neutrophils (and monocytes) from patients with LAD adhere poorly to endothelial cells and protein-coated surfaces and exhibit ... leukocytosis (neutrophil counts of 15,000–20,000/µL) because cells not marginate; and, in severe cases, a history of delayed separation of the umbilical stump Infections, especially of the skin, may become ... slow healing, and development of dysplastic scars The most common bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus and enteric gram-negative bacteria LAD is caused by an abnormality of fucosylation of SLex (CD15s),...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 9) Chronic Granulomatous Disease Chronic pot
... lymphocytes and neutrophils TNF-α is a pyrogen that duplicates many of the actions of IL-1 and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gram-negative shock (Chap 265) TNF-α stimulates production of ... infected, they often have extensive inflammatory reactions, and lymph node suppuration is common despite the administration of appropriate antibiotics Aphthous ulcers and chronic inflammation of the ... Macrophages help regulate the replication of lymphocytes and participate in the killing of tumors, viruses, and certain bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes) Macrophages...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 10) potx
... leading to production of IL-2 and IFN-γ IFN-γ acts through its receptor on macrophages to upregulate TNF-α and IL-12 and kill intracellular parasites Mutant forms of the cytokines and receptors shown ... catalyzes the oxidation of many substances by hydrogen peroxide and may facilitate killing of microorganisms Eosinophil peroxidase, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and halide, initiates mast ... Eosinophils and neutrophils share similar morphology, many lysosomal constituents, phagocytic capacity, and oxidative metabolism Eosinophils express a specific chemoattractant receptor and respond...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 11) pptx
... defenses is complex and poorly defined Laboratory Diagnosis and Management Initial studies of WBC and differential and often a bone marrow examination may be followed by assessment of bone marrow ... lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts accumulate in the affected tissues, but their role in pathogenesis is unclear Activation of eosinophils and fibroblasts and the deposition of eosinophilderived ... leukemia, and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (50,000–100,000/µL) The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome represents a heterogeneous group of disorders with the common feature of prolonged...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 12) pptx
... et al: Clinical features of dominant and recessive interferon-γ receptor deficiencies Lancet 364:2113, 2004 [PMID: 15589309] Etzioni A et al: Of man and mouse: Leukocyte and endothelial adhesion ... seen in patients with CGD on this regimen Oral quinolones such as levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are alternatives In the setting of cytotoxic chemotherapy with severe, persistent neutropenia, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ... patients, and patients with phagocytic cell dysfunction, should avoid heavy exposure to airborne soil, dust, or decaying matter (mulch, manure), which are often rich in Nocardia and the spores of Aspergillus...
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Chapter 109. Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall (Part 1) docx
... platelet activators The net effect of vasodilation and inhibition of platelet function is to promote blood fluidity, whereas the net effect of vasoconstriction and platelet activation is to promote ... the level of TPO, which then stimulates platelet production Platelets circulate with an average life span of 7–10 days Approximately one-third of the platelets reside in the spleen, and this number ... generation of intracellular signals that lead to activation of the platelet glycoprotein (Gp) IIb/IIIa (α IIbβ3) receptor and resultant platelet aggregation Activated platelets undergo release of their...
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Chapter 109. Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall (Part 2) ppsx
... calcium content is decreased by blood collection in ethylenediamine tetraacetic (EDTA), the anticoagulant present in tubes (purple top, often) used to collect blood ... blood smear can be evaluated and a platelet count determined in blood collected into sodium citrate (blue-top tube) or heparin (green-top tube), or ideally a smear of freshly obtained unanticoagulated ... unanticoagulated blood, such as from a finger stick, can be examined Figure 109-1 Photomicrographs of peripheral blood smears A Normal peripheral blood B Platelet clumping in pseudothrombocytopenia...
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Chapter 109. Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall (Part 3) pot
... risk of life-threatening hemorrhage in the thrombocytopenic patient Excessive bruising is seen in disorders of both platelet number and function Infection-Induced Thrombocytopenia Many viral and ... venous pressure, the ankles and feet in an ambulatory patient Petechiae are pinpoint, nonblanching hemorrhages and are usually a sign of a decreased platelet number and not platelet dysfunction ... production and platelet survival In addition, immune mechanisms can be at work, as in infectious mononucleosis and early HIV infection Late in HIV infection, pancytopenia and decreased and dysplastic...
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Chapter 109. Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall (Part 4) potx
... thrombocytopenia, timing of platelet count drop, thrombosis and other sequelae such as localized skin reactions, and other cause of thrombocytopenia not evident Figure 109-3 Time course of heparin-induced ... associated with bleeding and, in fact, markedly increases the risk of thrombosis HIT results from antibody formation to a complex of the plateletspecific protein platelet factor (PF4) and heparin The ... surface antigens and result in thrombocytopenia only when the drug is present Many drugs are capable of inducing these antibodies, but for some reason they are more common with quinine and sulfonamides...
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