... nanocomposites Dielectric measurements show that the incorporation of the CNT in the PVDF matrix but leads to a gradual increase of the dielectricconstant (ε’) as the amount of the filler is ... frequency behavior of the dielectric permittivity is similar to the one obtained for the pure polymer, except for an increase of the low frequency dielectricconstant and dielectric loss (not ... oxidation treatments in terms of the dielectric response In a previous study [19], it was demonstrated that an increase in the dielectricconstant is related with the formation of a capacitor network...
... used as a replacement The EOT of a high-κ dielectric layer is the ratio of the permittivity of SiO2 to that of the high-κ layer, multiplied by the physical thickness of the high-κ layer There are ... Calculation of Dit using Terman’s method A-1 Appendix B: Derivation of the Physical Thickness of the Stacked Dielectric B-1 Appendix C: Analyzing Transmission Coefficient of High-κ Materials ... 1.26 x 10-2 cm2) Relative dielectricconstant values of 15 and 25 have been used for the interfacial ZrSixOy (thickness of 1.73 nm from TEM) and bulk ZrO2 (thickness of 13.08 nm from TEM) layers,...
... increase of ionicity according to the dielectricconstant (a) (b) Fig The dependence of concentrated atomic charges (a) and surface core level shifts of Pb 5d band (b) on dielectricconstant ... as water with dielectricconstant 78.54 The enhancement of surface electronic polarization with increasing solvent dielectricconstant was accompanied by the enhanced polarization of surface bonding ... represents the dependence of SCLSs of 5d Pb band on dielectricconstant The calculated SCLSs values are very small (below 2%) and reduce quickly when the dielectricconstant increased This is...
... influence of these disturbances was found Some sampling points were selected They are the outlet of plant, the outside of experimental area, points of horizontal level and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 m of vertical ... outlet of equipment Transparency[cm] 60 out of experimental area 50 40 30 20 10 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Time[d] Figure Variation of Transparency Variation of COD concentration Variation of COD ... system, and the removal of nitrogen should be considered, too References [1] Department of Water Environment, Ministry of the Environment, Japan July 2002 Outline of Administration of Water Environment...
... climatic settings of the Lester and Branstetter leases resemble that of much of the major southern mid-continent oil- and gas-producing area of the U.S The leases are also typical of many depleted ... billion and 0.3 billion bbl of produced water were obtained with 2.5 billion bbl of domestic crude oil and 18 trillion ft3 of natural gas, respectively (2) The volume of produced water in 1970 ... the volume of produced water relative to petroleum increases with time, typically reaching 98% of total fluids during the later stages of field production The chemical composition of produced...
... Colleges and Schools to award the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy NOTICE on Colleges degrees of the Southern Association of AND DISCLAIMER The Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) ... hydrolysis of AKD at pH 8.3 A, 22 “C, and B, 50 OC 0 Time (h) Figure The pH effect on the hydrolysis of AKD at 50°C 80 60 Time (h) Fig The effect ofinorganic salts on the hydrolysis of AKD at ... treatment of, or employment in the programs and activities which the Institute operates The Effects ofInorganic Salts and Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Filler on the Hydrolysis Kinetics of Alkylketene...
... types of minerals In addition, the abundance of soils in a variety of geochemical environments and their influence on adsorption of contaminants suggested the need for more characterization of As ... of As(V), Se(IV), and Se(VI) with increasing pH showed evidence of similar behavior to that of surface charge density of the soil (Fig 1) The soil surface charge density decreased as the pH of ... contaminants Arsenic can exist in inorganic form, organic form, and gaseous state The oxidation states of As in the natural systems are )3, 0, +3, and +5 The main inorganic forms of As in contaminated soils...
... Rate Constants, 12 Complex Rate Laws, 15 Complex Kinetic Systems, 15 Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants, 17 Pressure Dependence of Rate Constants, 21 Ionic Strength Dependence of Rate Constants, ... type of modeling is capable of providing an indication of the effects of steric interactions on reactivity, but gives no measure of the actual energetics of the reaction More recently, modeling of ... slope of -k\ The linearity of such plots often is taken as evidence of a first-order rate law Since the assessment of linearity is somewhat subjective, it is better to show that the slope of such...
... the course of the development of the uniaxial tester, and to Professor Sunil de Silva for help in the preparation of the manuscript Handbook of Conveying and Handling of Particulate Solids A Levy ... devices for the handling of bulk solids and to characterize bulk solids the flow properties of these bulk solids have to be known For their measurement a great number of shear and other testers ... and Flow of Solids, Bulletin 123, Utah University 1964 J Schwedes, Testers for Measuring Flow Properties of Particulate Solids, Proceedings of the International Symposium Reliable Flow of Particulate...
... the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1°C The specific heat of water is calorie or 4.184 Joule The heat of fusion, ∆Hfus is the amount of thermal ... xiii Some Physical Constants Velocity of light, c ϭ 2.9979 ϫ 108 m/s (in vacuum) Planck’s constant, h ϭ 1.05457 ϫ 10–34 J.s Rydberg constant, RH ϭ 2.17991 ϫ 10–18 J Boltzmann constant, k ϭ 1.3807 ... of refraction is the ratio of wavelength or phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum to that in the substance It measures the amount of refraction a ray of light undergoes as it passes...
... the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1°C The specific heat of water is calorie or 4.184 Joule The heat of fusion, ∆Hfus is the amount of thermal ... xiii Some Physical Constants Velocity of light, c ϭ 2.9979 ϫ 108 m/s (in vacuum) Planck’s constant, h ϭ 1.05457 ϫ 10–34 J.s Rydberg constant, RH ϭ 2.17991 ϫ 10–18 J Boltzmann constant, k ϭ 1.3807 ... of refraction is the ratio of wavelength or phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum to that in the substance It measures the amount of refraction a ray of light undergoes as it passes...
... grain size decreased when addition of Ti increased Grain size difference of BNZT above 0.4 mole fraction of Ti4+ displayed a significant increase ofdielectricconstant at room temperature Keywords: ... purpose of this work is to investigate influences of the occupancy of Ti4+ ions at the B-site of Zr4+ host ions with Zr/Ti ratios of 0.7:0.3, 0.6:0.4, 0.5:0.5, and 0.4:0.6 on phase transition and dielectric ... displays the compositional dependence of BNZT ceramics ofdielectricconstant at frequencies of 1, 10, and 100 kHz All samples showed a decreasing trend of the relative permittivity when the...
... were sputter-coated with a thin layer of to nm of gold/palladium lead prior to imaging Results and discussion Dielectric properties The dielectric properties of the poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS) ... permittivity constant was significantly increased by the addition of both carbon nanoparticles in the whole frequency range While the dielectric permittivity of the composite with 0.5 wt.% of CNT (ε’ ... F, De Rossi D: Improvement of electromechanical actuating performances of a silicone dielectric elastomer by dispersion of titanium dioxide powder IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical...
... existence result of conjugate points as 2, , we can prove this corollary directly through the Sobolev inequality the idea of the proof origins to Brown and Hinton 5, page Proof of Corollary 1.4 ... M The expression of the Green’s function of Proposition 1.1 is different from that of The expression of Boundary Value Problems 4, Theorem 2.1 is given by some finite series of x and y on the ... embedding constant Corollary 1.4 If there exists a pair of conjugate points on −s, s with respect to 1.12 , then s −s , C M; −s, s p x dx > 1.14 where C M; −s, s is the best constantof the Sobolev...
... http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/6/1/48 Page of k-value of the La 0.35 Zr 0.65 O dielectric significantly (k-value reaches 32 at kHz), along with a significant dielectric relaxation (2) There is less of an effect on the ... suggested that the formation of positively charged over-coordinated O defects is near the Si/SiO2 interface [33,34] The effect of post-deposition oxidation of SiOx/ZrO gate dielectric stacks at different ... (5) a k-value dependence on frequency of the La0.35Zr0.65O2 dielectric To obtain the genuine intrinsic properties and permittivity of the La0.35Zr0.65O2 dielectric from the CV measurements, the...
... with improved dielectricconstant was also found in several researches [13,14] Table also listed the dielectricconstantof the BNZT Figure Dielectricconstant at room temperature of BNZT ceramics ... displays the compositional dependence of BNZT ceramics ofdielectricconstant at frequencies of 1, 10, and 100 kHz All samples showed a decreasing trend of the relative permittivity when the ... increase in dielectricconstantof the BNZT composition containing more than 0.4 Ti content, the decrease of average grain size was believed to partly enhance permittivity values of the samples...
... solution of 1.1 , then x t px t − are continuous at t ∈ R, which guarantees the uniqueness of solution of 1.1 and cannot be omitted To study the spectrum of almost periodic solution of 1.1 , ... The proofs of Lemmas 2.2, 2.3, and 2.4 are elementary, and we omit the details Lemma 2.5 Suppose that |p| / and q / − p2 APS R , then 2.7 has a unique solution {x2n } ∈ Proof As the proof of Theorem ... {kπ : k ∈ Z} holds, where the sum of sets A and B is defined as A B {a b : a ∈ A, b ∈ B} We postpone the proof of this theorem to the next section The Proof of Main Theorem To show the Main Theorem,...
... was used to find a reasonable dielectricconstantof the MWNTs from the measured dielectric constants of the PEI/MWNT composites The reasonable dielectricconstantof the MWNTs was approximately ... relatively low due to the lower dielectricconstantof the epoxy matrix Bai et al [5] reported a high dielectricconstant for a polymer matrix composite containing a large amount of ferroelectric ceramic ... polymer/metal composites with high dielectric constants as only a small weight percentage of conductive particles was added, but the thermal stability of the dielectric constants was not good [6] In...
... value of the James constantof these spaces Theorem 3.7 Let ψ ∈ Ψ2 Then J ψ- ∞ = 1+ 1/2 ψ(1/2) (3.24) The James constantof normalized norms on R2 Proof For our convenience, we write · instead of ... segments of same lengths since · ϕ is absolute On the other hand, if (1,0) is an not extreme point of B ϕ - ϕ , again S ϕ - ϕ contains segments of same lengths Next, we prove that the dual of a generalized ... ϕ(t)/ψ(t), and let δψ (·) be the modulus of convexity of ψ - ψ Then for ε ∈ [0,2], δψ,ϕ (ε) ≥ − Mϕ,ψ − δψ (ε) , δψ where δψ,ϕ (·) is the modulus of convexity of J ψ- ϕ ψ - ϕ ε Mϕ,ψ , (3.1) Consequently,...
... alkaline substances Thus nitrate of potash (saltpetre), is composed of nitric acid and potash: nitrate of soda (cubical nitre), of nitric acid and soda USES OFINORGANIC MATTER What effect has ... condition ofinorganic matter is requisite for fertility? What is the fixed rule with regard to this? What is the condition of the alkalies in most of their combinations? Of the acids? What is said of ... the soil of some parts of Massachusetts and that of the Miami valley? The subsoil is usually of a different character from the surface soil, but this difference is more often the result of circumstances...