... doi:10.1186/1477-7525-8-108 Cite this article as: Balcells et al.: Factorsaffecting the relationship between psychological status and quality of life in COPD patients Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2010 8:108 Submit ... potential confounders and (2) identify the effect modifiers of this relationship Authors hypothesised that the relationship between anxiety and/ or depressive symptoms and HRQoL in COPD patients ... on the variable distribution, results are expressed as numbers and percentages, means and standard deviations (SD), or medians and 25th or 75th percentiles The patients were classified into four...
... and fixed effects exist, the effects of between- and within-subjects factors as well as the interaction betweenfactorsand covariates and its effects are analyzed The difference between LR and ... 125- and 20- bp bands (lanes 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9) and CYP3A5*1/*3 genotype gives 168-, 148-, 125- and 20- bp (lanes 4, 5, and 10) CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype is not seen in this picture The 20- bp band ... represented by n variables (within-subjects factors) Categorical factors are used to divide study population into subgroups (between- subjects factors) and 96 continuous variables are used as control...
... trabecular number and greatest trabecular separation Generally vertebrae are less dense anteriorly and superiorly and more dense posteriorly and inferiorly with heterogeneity between symmetric ... pathophysiology of osteoporosis and the local and global environment in which the bone operates The local environment includes muscle and connective tissue attachments and the adjacent intervertebral ... stability and optimal movement control, the trunk muscles must have sufficient strength, endurance and correct recruitment patterns [71] The patterns of recruitment and relative onset times between...
... Chapter 4: Findings and Discussion This chapter is entitled “Findings and discussions” which analyzes the results of the questionnaires and gives the assessment on the factorsaffecting students’ ... should use stress and rhythmic patterns, and intonation patterns of the language clearly enough so that people can understand what is said Rhythm, stress and intonation are important factors to express ... switching draw attention to extralinguistic factors such as topic, setting, relationships between participants, community norms and values, and societal, political and ideological developments influencing...
... followed by Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal The Free State and North West have fewer learners per school compared with Gauteng, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal Factorsaffecting teaching and learning Figure ... Limpopo the figure stands at 27 per cent The richer provinces, such as the Western Cape and Gauteng, have low 13 Factorsaffecting teaching and learning percentages – per cent and per cent respectively ... Cape Factorsaffecting teaching and learning than per cent In 2001 the City of Cape Town had 31.3, whereas Boland had 29.1 Similarly, in 2002 the City of Cape Town had 42.9 compared with Boland...
... addition to demographic factors like age and gender the demand for health and elderly care is affected by dependency, social and housing conditions of the elderly Fiscal and resource constraints ... labelled as MADL1, MADL2 and FADL1AGE, FADL2AGE and MADL1AGE, MADL2AGE, where F and M are shortcuts for female and male respectively, ADL1 and ADL2 shortcuts for instrumental and personal disabilities ... (Figure 1) Thereafter the population structure is expected to be relatively stable Figure 1900 Finnish population by age groups between 1900-2050 Population forecast based on population 2001, millions...
... skills and personal qualities of audit partners and staff; the effectiveness of the audit process; the reliability and usefulness of audit reporting; andfactors outside the control of auditors affecting ... Ethical Standards 1-5 London: Auditing Practices Board APB (2004b) International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) London: Auditing Practices Board APB (2004c) ISA (UK and Ireland) 260 Communication ... firm size; and, lastly, International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) and audit inspection In addition to the activities of the audit committee, risk factors for the auditor (both economic and certain...
... three factors namely, the vocal tract response, pitch period contour, and g l o t t a l pulse shape contributed s i g n i f i c a n t l y to the unnatural q u a l i t y Each of these factors ... B.S Atal and S.L Hanauer, J Acoust Soc Amer., vol 50, pp 637-655, 1971 J.D Markel and A.H Gray, Linear Prediction of Speech, Sprtnger-Verlag, 19/6 J.L Flanagan, Speech Analysts, Synthesis and Perception, ... Seneff, IEEE Trans Acoust., Speech and Signal Processing, vol ASSP-30, no 4, pp 566-577, August 1982 R.H Cotton and J.A Estrie, Elements of Voice Quality in Speech and Language, N.J Lass (Ed.), Academic...
... investigate delays in the diagnosis and treatment of hospitalized patients with smearpositive pulmonary tuberculosis and to identify the factorsaffecting these delays MATERIAL AND METHODS Güneylioglu D ... the diagnosis and treatment of inpatients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis andfactorsaffecting these delays The present study indicated that there were several delays between the onset ... days in 37 patients (18.1%) This interval was betweenand 10 days in 64 patients (31.4%) and was longer than 10 days in 103 patients (50.5%) One hundred and sixty-seven (81.9%) patients had institutional...
... followed by Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal The Free State and North West have fewer learners per school compared with Gauteng, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal Factorsaffecting teaching and learning Figure ... Limpopo the figure stands at 27 per cent The richer provinces, such as the Western Cape and Gauteng, have low 13 Factorsaffecting teaching and learning percentages – per cent and per cent respectively ... Cape Factorsaffecting teaching and learning than per cent In 2001 the City of Cape Town had 31.3, whereas Boland had 29.1 Similarly, in 2002 the City of Cape Town had 42.9 compared with Boland...
... the frequency of TB in close contact of TB cases 2.6% [5] between January 1996 and December 2000, and 3.6% [6] between January 2001 and January 2003 in Eskisehir Deliklitas Tuberculosis Dispensary ... VOLUME • ISSUE 35 Risk FactorsAffecting the Development of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease in Household Contacts of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Talay F et al Table Factors associated ... Talay F et al Risk FactorsAffecting the Development of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease in Household Contacts of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis (such as uncle, grandfather, cousin) The...
... of these factors This study set out to explore the perceptions of mid-level providers regarding the factorsaffecting their performance and retention within the Malawian health system and addressed ... management and supervision; training and career progression; incentives http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/7/1/14 and retention factors; resource constraints; motivation; and status ... Malawi; 2005 Ministry of Health and Population: A Joint Programme of Work [2003– 2009] for the Ministry of Health andPopulation Lilongwe: Government of Malawi; 2003 Banda HTR, Bongololo GT, Ng'ombe...
... socioeconomic and political factors, including corruption and political will; 2) community factors such as location and infrastructure and health beliefs; 3) health system factors such as remuneration and ... based on a complex set of trade-offs between different factorsaffecting different individuals differently We need to understand how these factors interact and how the process is triggered In ... at the time of the survey incentives, and training supervisory personnel on how to identify and address causes of attrition Factorsaffecting retention and attrition overlap, but are not necessarily...
... section examines Page of 14 factors that influence recruitment and retention, including income, working conditions, management and supervision, career development andfactors linked to living conditions ... provinces Doctors In remote areas and at lower levels (district Understanding the reasons why they stay and preventive department, district hospital work in these places and community health centres) ... two provinces: Lao Cai and Thai Binh The former was chosen as representing a highland province with low density of doctors, and difficulties of retention linked to a remote and difficult location...
... 1B), with measurement of femoral and tibial angles, alpha and beta angles, and medial and lateral joint spaces as described by Villers and Cartier [7] Patients were additionally evaluated for ... patellofemoral joint and the lateral compartment, to evaluate the patella for the presence of osteophytes, and to confirm that the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL) were intact ... osteophytes) between the two groups Similarly, Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank tests and chi-squared tests were used to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively, before and after...
... 2009 also proved the relationship between prostitution and using drugsparticularly injecting heroin 1.5 Factorsaffecting the risk of HIV infection and STIs Those factors can be classified into ... have not understood correctly and sufficiently about ways of tranmission and risk -factors of HIV and STIs 4.2.3 Sexual behavior and drug use Having sex with both male and female partners Male homosexual ... at three body parts throat, anal and penis 4.4 Some risk factors of HIV infection and STIs 4.4.1 Factors related to anal sex without condom for the last time Factors such as living in neighboring...
... want to reduce transportation cost and save time (Table 2) CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS There were several factorsaffecting the lychee productivity and the choices of fresh lychee marketing ... Sampling design According to Salvatore and Reagle (2002), a random sample size (n) is satisfied if it is at least equal to 5% of the population size (N) and the number of observations is at least ... prices, distance to markets, gender of producers and participation in the lychee association Then, the 125 Factorsaffecting lychee productivity and the choices of fresh lychee marketing parameters...
... experiments and the same inoculation and cultivation technique allowed us to compare the infection development between two periods during the growing season: June (the first and second experiments) and ... of maximal and minimal standard deviations (SD) in length of lesions in particular groups of plants was relatively low (max SDi/min SDi < 3) and enabled the processing of the first and second ... different from those caused by P gonapodyides and P. cambivora isolates on one hand and from the most aggressive P cinnamomi isolate on the other hand (Table 1) Infection experiment II Confirmation...
... examine the relationship between postimplant prostate volume by CT and continuous variables and that between the CT/TRUS volume ratio and continuous variables Associations between categorical variables ... NHT and preimplant prostate volume by TRUS are significant preimplant factorsaffecting both postimplant prostate volume by CT and the CT/TRUS volume ratio Thus, the combination of these two factors ... volume change of the prostate and preimplant factorsaffecting the increase in prostate volume after implantation are not well researched Identification of the preimplant factors could be useful in...
... evident relationship between the hot and humid summer and a lower reproductive performance, and the relationship between the winter and the less humid period from January to April and the best results ... fixed effects including age and herd-year-season of calving (natural trimester); s is as vector of random sire effects and e is a vector of random residuals, and X and Z are incidence matrices ... important role in crossbreeding between native Zebu cattle and Holstein sires The general strategy and some results of NBP are offered in Anonymous (1978) and Prada (1984) The population of purebred Holstein...