definition and diagnosis of bacterial translocation
Definition and Significance of Leadership docx
... effectiveness? The definitions of leadership effectiveness are as diverse as the definitions of organizational effectiveness The choice of a certain definition depends mostly – on the point of view of the ... mission Functions of the leader • One of the major functions of leaders is the creation and development of a culture and climate for their groups or organizations (Nahavandi and Malekzadeh, 1993a; ... leadership Leadership and management Roles and functions of a leader Changes in organizations and expectations of leaders Chapter 1: Definition and Significance of Leadership Chapter 1.1- Effective...
- 40
- 1,386
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 1) ppsx
... The mechanisms of action of the antibacterial agents to be discussed in this section are summarized in Table 127-1 and are depicted in Fig 127-1 Table 127-1 Mechanisms of Action of and Resistance ... Classes of Antibacterial Agents Let ter Antibacterial for Agenta Mechani Major or Cellular sm of Action Mechanisms Target Fig 127-1 A Maj of Resistance β-Lactams (penicillins cephalosporins) Cell and ... representatives for the class Figure 127-1 Mechanisms of action of and resistance to antibacterial agents Black lines trace the routes of drug interaction wit h bacterial cells, from entry to target site...
- 13
- 290
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 2) potx
... any stage of the synthesis, export, assembly, or cross-linking of peptidoglycan lead to inhibition of bacterial cell growth and, in most cases, to cell death Peptidoglycan is composed of (1) a ... course of cell growth In the presence of antibacterial agents that inhibit cell-wall growth, autolysis proceeds without normal cell-wall repair; weakness and eventual cellular lysis occur Antibacterial ... of (1) a backbone of two alternating sugars, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid; (2) a chain of four amino acids that extends down from the backbone (stem peptides); and (3) a peptide...
- 7
- 313
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 3) ppsx
... thymidine, all purines, and several amino acids Inhibition of folate synthesis leads to cessation of bacterial cell growth and, in some cases, to bacterial cell death The principal antibacterial antimetabolites ... tRNA synthetase by competing with bacterial isoleucine for its binding site on the enzyme and depleting cellular stores of isoleucine-charged tRNA Inhibition of Bacterial Metabolism The antimetabolites ... blocks the initiation of protein synthesis Tetracyclines and Glycylcyclines Tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline) and glycylcyclines (tigecycline) consist of four aromatic rings...
- 5
- 270
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 4) pdf
... including nalidixic acid and its fluorinated derivatives (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin), are synthetic compounds that inhibit the activity of the A subunit of the bacterial enzyme DNA ... the action of antimicrobial agents are inactivation of the compound, alteration or overproduction of the antibacterial target through mutation of the target protein's gene, acquisition of a new ... DNA gyrase and topoisomerases are responsible for negative supercoiling of DNA—an essential conformation for DNA replication in the intact cell Inhibition of the activity of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase...
- 7
- 334
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 5) pdf
... Trimethoprim and Sulfonamides The most prevalent mechanism of resistance to trimethoprim and the sulfonamides in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is the acquisition of plasmid-encoded ... efflux of macrolides, and staphylococci can cause the efflux of macrolides, clindamycin, and streptogramin A Ketolides such as telithromycin retain activity against most isolates of Streptococcus ... dihydrofolate reductase for trimethoprim and an altered dihydropteroate synthetase for sulfonamides Quinolones The most common mechanism of resistance to quinolones is the development of one...
- 5
- 297
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 6) doc
... virtue of the acquisition of new genes include hospital-associated strains of gram-negative bacteria, enterococci, and staphylococci and community-acquired strains of salmonellae, gonococci, and ... pharmacokinetic profile of an antibacterial agent refers to concentrations in serum and tissue versus time and reflects the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion Important ... porins and efflux proteins of gram-negative bacteria These mutations decrease bacterial intracellular and periplasmic accumulation of βlactams, quinolones, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycosides...
- 5
- 297
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 7) pot
... elimination), by renal excretion of the unchanged or metabolized form, or by a combination of the two processes For most of the antibacterial drugs, metabolism leads to loss of in vitro activity, although ... rifampin, and clarithromycin, have bioactive metabolites that may contribute to their overall efficacy The most practical application of information on the mode of excretion of an antibacterial ... metronidazole, chloramphenicol, rifampin, TMP-SMX, and quinolones penetrate cells well Metabolism and Elimination Like other drugs, antibacterial agents are disposed of by hepatic elimination (metabolism...
- 6
- 326
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 8) pdf
... pharmacokinetic and adverse-reaction profile of active compounds, the site of infection, the immune status of the host, and evidence of efficacy from wellperformed clinical ... expensive antibacterial regimen should be chosen Susceptibility of Bacteria to Antibacterial Drugs In Vitro Determination of the susceptibility of the patient's infecting organism to a panel of appropriate ... relationships between the time course of antibiotic concentrations in serum and tissue, in vitro susceptibility (MIC), and microbial response (inhibition of growth or rate of killing) Three pharmacodynamic...
- 9
- 291
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 9) doc
... use of a single agent with a narrow spectrum of activity against the pathogen diminishes the alteration of normal flora and thus limits the overgrowth of resistant nosocomial organisms (e.g., Candida ... toxicity of multiple-drug regimens, and reduces cost However, certain circumstances call for the use of more than one antibacterial agent These are summarized below Prevention of the emergence of resistant ... Nitrofurantoin is often active against VRE and is a less expensive alternative to linezolid for the treatment of lower UTIs Combination Chemotherapy One of the tenets of antibacterial chemotherapy is that...
- 5
- 295
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 10) pptx
... increases the risk of toxicity of certain antibacterial drugs for the mother (e.g., hepatic toxicity of tetracycline), affects drug disposition and pharmacokinetics, and because of the risk of fetal toxicity—severely ... choice of agent is guided by the results of studies identifying the usual pathogens at that site or in that clinical setting, by pharmacodynamic considerations, and by the resistance profile of the ... re-treatment Choice of Antibacterial Therapy Infections for which specific antibacterial agents are among the drugs of choice are detailed in Table 127-6 No attempt has been made to include all of the potential...
- 17
- 288
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 11) docx
... antibacterial drugs are listed in Table 127-7 For further discussion of adverse drug reactions, see Chap Table 127-7 Most Clinically Relevant Adverse Reactions to Common Antibacterial Drugs ... Drug Adverse Event Comments β-Lactams Allergies in ~1– Cephalosporin 4% of treatment courses s cause allergy in 2– 4% of penicillin- allergic patients Aztreonam is safe in β-lactam–allergic patients ... Monitor serum creatinine every 2–3 days Ototoxicity (often irreversible) Risk factors similar to those for nephrotoxicity; both vestibular and hearing toxicities Macrolides/ketolides Gastrointestinal...
- 9
- 390
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 12) potx
... macrolide antibiotics and quinupristin/dalfopristin inhibit the same human metabolic enzyme, CYP3A4, and similar interactions are anticipated d Ciprofloxacin only Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin not ... important consequences; = an interaction of uncertain frequency but of potential clinical importance b Lovastatin and simvastatin are most affected; pravastatin and atorvastatin are less prone to clinically ... Table 127-8 Interactions of Antibacterial Agents with Other Drugs Antibiotic Interacts with Potential Consequence (Clinical...
- 8
- 213
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 13) pot
... Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections in Adults Condition Antibacterial Agent Timing or Durationof Prophylaxis Nonsurgical Cardiac susceptible to lesions bacterial Amoxicillina Before and after procedures ... Topical combinations and subconjunctival cefazolin During and at end of procedure Clean-contaminated Cefazolin (or clindamycin (head and neck, high-risk for head and neck) Before and during procedure ... to avoid alcohol Inhibition of the metabolism of warfarin by metronidazole leads to significant rises in prothrombin times Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections Antibacterial agents are occasionally...
- 9
- 215
- 0
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 14) pot
... (prosthetic-valve and joint infections), relapsing pseudomembranous colitis Mechanisms to Optimize Antimicrobial Use Antibiotic use is often not "rational," and it is easy to understand why The diagnosis of bacterial ... Re-treatment of infections for which therapy has failed usually requires a prolonged course (>4 weeks) with combinations of antibacterial agents Table 127-10 Duration of Therapy for Bacterial Infections ... medication's side effects and encourage the selection of resistant bacteria The art of treating bacterial infections lies in the ability to determine the appropriate duration of therapy for infections...
- 9
- 248
- 0
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Kidney and Urinary Tract potx
... it is often caused by urinary tract infections, such as cystitis and urethritis However, dysuria can occur in men and women of any age and can have many noninfectious causes Common Causes of Dysuria ... a sample of vaginal discharge is examined on a slide using a microscope Men and women with a urethral discharge are tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia Treatment The cause is treated Often, the ... accumulation of fluid in the tissues (edema) The swelling may cause weight gain Swelling is usually most noticeable in the ankles and feet, but it may also involve the abdomen, lower back, hands, and...
- 8
- 274
- 0
Báo cáo y học: "Association between the TNFRII 196R allele and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis" potx
... the TNFRII 196R allele and RA diagnosis and age at onset of RA To determine the potential relationship between TNFRII 196R allele and progression of structural damage and functional severity, ... because of delayed inclusion of the last patients The frequencies of the TNFRII 196M/M, 196M/R and 196R/R genotypes were (respectively) 48.7%, 46.8% and 4.5% in RA patients, and 67.2%, 27.1% and ... the TNFRII 196R allele and RA diagnosis and prognosis The results of this prospective longitudinal study suggest an association between the TNFRII 196R allele and diagnosis of RA Patients carrying...
- 7
- 584
- 0
báo cáo khoa học: "The in Southern African Nguni cattle. identification, occurrence and origin of the translocation" pot
... sample of 20 bulls and 68 cows was taken at random from the stud herd (tabl 1) The chromosomes of animals found to deviate from the standard karyotype identified by means of G- and R-banding ... in water and stained in p 100 Giemsa for 20 minutes pedigree of each translocation carrier was traced in order to gain information concerning the origin and spread of the translocation and to check ... introduction of translocation carrying cattle to Southern Africa by the Dutch and other European Settlers after 1652 The study of the banded and Giemsa stained metaphase spreads revealed the presence of...
- 10
- 274
- 0
Báo cáo y học: "Prevention and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients: a Canadian survey" ppt
... (frequency, method, and patient subgroup), approach to VTE diagnosis (laboratory and imaging studies), and recommendations for further research on the prevention and diagnosis of VTE in critically ... prophylaxis, to understand the type of prophylaxis prescribed, to understand approaches used to screen for DVT, to understand approaches used to diagnose DVT and PE, and to understand national interest ... 90% of cases of PE originate in the deep venous system of the lower limbs [6] and effective prevention prompted a survey of Canadian ICU Directors The five specific goals were to understand decisional...
- 7
- 291
- 0
Báo cáo y học: "Vascular injuries after minor blunt upper extremity trauma: pitfalls in the recognition and diagnosis of potential "near miss" injuries" ppsx
... fall from standing onto the right shoulCase who sustained aof a 46-year-old right hand dominant Case demonstration of a 46-year-old right hand dominant male who sustained a fall from standing onto ... before (panel A) and after (panel B) closed reduction of a left elbow dislocation Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine ... Clinical signs of arterial injury have been stratified based on their predictive value into "hard" and "soft" signs (table 1) The presence of a "hard" sign of vascular injury Page of (page number...
- 6
- 248
- 0
Tìm thêm: xác định các mục tiêu của chương trình xác định các nguyên tắc biên soạn khảo sát các chuẩn giảng dạy tiếng nhật từ góc độ lí thuyết và thực tiễn khảo sát chương trình đào tạo gắn với các giáo trình cụ thể xác định thời lượng học về mặt lí thuyết và thực tế khảo sát thực tế giảng dạy tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam khảo sát các chương trình đào tạo theo những bộ giáo trình tiêu biểu xác định mức độ đáp ứng về văn hoá và chuyên môn trong ct mở máy động cơ lồng sóc mở máy động cơ rôto dây quấn các đặc tính của động cơ điện không đồng bộ đặc tuyến hiệu suất h fi p2 đặc tuyến mômen quay m fi p2 đặc tuyến tốc độ rôto n fi p2 đặc tuyến dòng điện stato i1 fi p2 động cơ điện không đồng bộ một pha sự cần thiết phải đầu tư xây dựng nhà máy thông tin liên lạc và các dịch vụ phần 3 giới thiệu nguyên liệu từ bảng 3 1 ta thấy ngoài hai thành phần chủ yếu và chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất là tinh bột và cacbonhydrat trong hạt gạo tẻ còn chứa đường cellulose hemicellulose