... currently made ofthe concept of information in physics, following the rapid growth ofthe fields of quantum information theory and quantum computation These are new and exciting fields of physics ... information is that the greater the uncertainty of this distribution, the more we stand to gain from learning the outcome ofthe experiment In the case ofthe Shannon information, this notion of how much ... information theory is emphatically not information in the everyday sense ofthe word The following table provides a summary of some ofthe points that have been argued andof some ofthe positions...
... science ofthe seventeenth century is not the science of today, it laid thefoundations for the study ofthe cosmos, matter, motion, life processes, andthe means of acquiring knowledge of them ... of science were the German states, England, France, the Low Countries, andthe Duchy of Tuscany andthe Republic of Venice in Italy In the course of those two centuries the trend within all these ... and practices ofthe Catholic Church with respect to the role of priests, the sacraments, the Mass, andthe organization and governance ofthe Church, new attitudes arose about the relation of...
... (1) where Δet is the change in the logarithm ofthe exchange rate at time t The mean ofthe exchange rate returns process, μ, the autocorrelation coefficient, ρ, andthe variance ofthe innovation, ... measured by the Bloomberg survey For the other eighteen instances, themarket was either surprised that the MPC changed the policy rate or was surprised by the extent ofthe change There were ... on the MPC andthe UK monetary policy process, see Bean (2001) and www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetarypolicy/ framework.htm These are published at www.bankofengland.co.uk Vol No Bank of England...
... also a number of disadvantages Many ofthe basic inputs to the KMV model ± the value ofthe ®rm, the volatility andthe expected value ofthe rate of return on the ®rmÕs assets ± cannot be directly ... amount F ± then the equity holders pay o the debt holders and retain the ®rm If the value ofthe ®rmÕs assets is less than the face value, the equity holders default on their obligations There are ... if thedefault free spot interest rate increases, keeping the value ofthe ®rm constant, the mean ofthe assetÕs probability distribution increases andthe probability ofdefault declines As the...
... at the end ofthe month prior to the start ofthe maintenance period that the operation falls under Write-offs and provisions and return on assets are measured at the end ofthe year before the ... for the broader financial markets For example, as testified by the then Secretary ofthe Treasury, Henry M Paulson Jr., andthe Chairman ofthe Federal Reserve Board, Ben Bernanke, before the ... cross-sectionally Section presents the panel analysis and provides the main results ofthe paper Section concludes The Appendix contains an overview ofthe structure ofthe German banking sector Reserve...
... positive and significant bank fixed effects in the period after the end of 2008, with markups in the range of 1.42 per cent to 1.7 per cent The inclusion ofthe arrears andthe tracker rate in the second ... unemployment and stable interest rates, the availability of wholesale funding post 2003, significantly increased the supply of credit to the residential marketThe existing boom in both the residential and ... within the analysis The rest ofthe paper is outlined as follows: Section provides further information on variable rates in the context ofthe overall Irish mortgage market; section summarises the...
... understand why they are doing what they are doing andthe consequences of their actions, and if they are to appreciate the limits and possibilities of their practice, it is useful for them to ... the English public (read private) schools, were introduced to the masses in the UK, andthe colonies, at the end ofthe nineteenth century as a way of ‘civilising the bodies ofthe children of ... reflect in the next stage ofthe process Not only is the overt action observed but so are the effects of action (intended and unintended), the circumstances ofand constraints on action, [and] the...
... by hand, using the Triangle of Pascal: 1 1 1 þ 1 10 þ 10 þ (1.3) þ þ Except for the 1's on the legs and top ofthe triangle in (1.3), the entries are the sums ofthe adjacent numbers on the previous ... disjoint if they have no elements in common: their intersections are the empty set The conditions (1.8) and (1.9) are clearly satisfied for the case ofthe Texas lotto On the other hand, in the case ... Ak,n of elements ω of Ω for which the sum ofthe first n elements in the string involved is equal to k For example, the set A1,2 consists of all ω ofthe type (1,0, ) and (0,1, ) Similarly to the...
... volatility at the opening of markets can be explained along the lines ofthe Admati and Pfleiderer (1988) theory, the different behaviour ofthe two currencies in different markets at the same (and different) ... where , sp , and n are the standard deviation ofthe R R R percentage change of an exchange rate, the average spread, andthe number of quotations within the tth halfhour interval, andthe system ... (1990) and Laux and Ng (1991) support the second The second relationship also supports the model of Brock and Kleidon (1990) where the link between variations in demand andthe variability of prices...
... by hand, using the Triangle of Pascal: 1 1 1 þ 1 10 þ 10 þ (1.3) þ þ Except for the 1's on the legs and top ofthe triangle in (1.3), the entries are the sums ofthe adjacent numbers on the previous ... disjoint if they have no elements in common: their intersections are the empty set The conditions (1.8) and (1.9) are clearly satisfied for the case ofthe Texas lotto On the other hand, in the case ... Ak,n of elements ω of Ω for which the sum ofthe first n elements in the string involved is equal to k For example, the set A1,2 consists of all ω ofthe type (1,0, ) and (0,1, ) Similarly to the...
... the "nal trade ofthe price-duration NUMBER "the log ofthe number of trades during the price-duration VOLUME "the log ofthe total volume traded during the price-duration NUM}SPR "the log ofthe ... coincidence of this point with the rest ofthe curve provides further support for the plausibility of VNET as a measure ofmarket depth The rest ofthe points depict the average, unconditional levels of ... anonymity of these `insidersa, the price impact of a trade, and thus the depth ofthe market, is determined by the assumed probability of confronting an informed agent In the extreme case of a public...
... into the will ofthe market? One ofthe key problems we have in understanding the relationship between the state andthemarket is the obscuring effects of ‘economism’ We can define economism as the ... issue, the ability of member states ofthe Eurozone to leave the monetary union, either voluntarily or involuntarily The presentation ofthe two facets ofthe crisis, the financial andthe sovereign ... considering the nature ofthe divide between state andmarket 1.2 The state market relationship 1.2.1 The state market dichotomy This book is based on a dichotomy between themarketandthe state The...
... competition as there are more and more similar provided services and products for consumers and patients These risks can affect the performance and net cash flow of these companies And prices of medical ... because ofthe smallest study size Besides, the variance of equity and asset beta ofthe sample group equals to 0,0102 and 0,0014 accordingly which are much lower than the variance ofthe entire ... this is the group with the 2nd smallest number of listed firms (sample size = 4) and with the 2nd lowest values of equity and asset beta mean and equity beta var of about 0, 47, 0, 28 and 0, 61...
... RPit is the natural logarithm ofthe real price of a kilogram of ordinary rice, and RPit * H jt is the interaction ofthe natural logarithm ofthe rice price with one ofthe various measures of sibling ... remainder of this section focuses on the approach in the bottom panel of table that allows effect of rice prices to vary with the number of siblings, the number of younger siblings, andthe number of ... Similarly, the interpretation ofthe number of younger brothers interaction is the thought experiment of changing a younger sibling from a sister to a brother The interpretation ofthe coefficient on the...
... intuition that the greater the cost of generosity to the giver andthe less the benefit to the recipient, the less generous is the typical experimental subject (Andreoni and Miller 2002).1 The resulting ... effort e and receives wage w, his profit is 100e À w The wage must be between and 100, andthe effort between 0.1 andThe payoff to the employee is then u ¼ w À cðeÞ, where cðeÞ is the ‘‘cost of effort’’ ... has several rounds, say ten The subjects are told the total number of rounds and all other aspects ofthe game and are paid their winnings in real money at the end ofthe session In each round,...
... the food stocks, andthe mood ofthe garrison The tactics ofthe Daily Mail captured the attention ofthe nation; the newspaper dramatized the situation ofthe town by emphasizing the danger that ... examine both the role ofthe press in the formation of public opinion about imperialism andthe role ofthe press in the formation ofthe concept of public opinion itself Mafeking Night marks the powerful ... powerful beginning ofthe New Journalism at the same time as it marks the beginning ofthe end ofthe New Imperialism The coincidence of these occasions arises from the nature ofthe South African...
... of individual, hand-to-hand combat Grand strategy, on the other hand, remained the preserve of Tiw.11 In India, too, much the same phenomenon was apparent in the role of Indra, the chief ofthe ... the mainstream of legal analysis, largely as a result ofthe crumbling of older conceptions of legitimacy andthe rise of new aspirations for democracy andthe self-determination of peoples The ... testimony both to the warlike character ofthe Greeks and to their feeling of cultural unity, the cities ofthe Amphictyonic League of Delphi agreed that, in the event of war, the combatant states...
... creating and advancing liquidity to producers; along the circuit, the financial system governs the supply and demand of funds and, at the end ofthe process, it determines the condition for the closure ... conceptualization and recent evidence CTF clarifies the role ofthe financial system in the functioning of a monetary market economy of production At the start ofthe circuit process, the financial ... exploring the implications ofthe time dimension in the economic process This will be one ofthe undertakings of this paper The paper analyzes the role of finance for economic growth and stability, and...