decriminalization and harm reduction
báo cáo khoa học: " Assisted injection in outdoor venues: an observational study of risks and implications for service delivery and harm reduction programming" pps
... out in Lloyd-Smith et al Harm Reduction Journal 2010, 7:6 http://www.harmreductionjournal.com/content/7/1/6 the open drug scene, and experience sleep deprivation [19], and therefore may have reduced ... injection in outdoor venues: an observational study of risks and implications for service delivery and harm reduction programming Harm Reduction Journal 2010 7:6 ... injectors, and individuals involved in the sex trade, and were less likely to be Aboriginal Our findings have implications for the role of peer education and Lloyd-Smith et al Harm Reduction Journal...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Prevalence and correlates of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C infection and harm reduction program use among male injecting drug users in Kabul, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional assessment" ppsx
... the prevalence and correlates of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C and harm reduction program use among IDUs entering a cohort recruited in Kabul, Afghanistan between June, 2007 and March, 2009 ... quasirandomised trial Lancet 1999, 353:1657-1661 doi:10.1186/1477-7517-8-22 Cite this article as: Todd et al.: Prevalence and correlates of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C infection and harm reduction ... sex with men or boys, and having patronized a female sex worker Todd et al Harm Reduction Journal 2011, 8:22 http://www.harmreductionjournal.com/content/8/1/22 (FSW) ever and in the last three...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Harm reduction, methadone maintenance treatment and the root causes of health and social inequities: An intersectional lens in the Canadian context" ppt
... inter-related and co-constructed nature of social locations and experiences [6,12,13], and for understanding differences in health needs and outcomes in mental health and addictions and harm reduction ... substance use patterns and access MMT and other harm reduction services To provide effective and safe harm reduction, including MMT and other services, it is necessary to understand the social context(s) ... mental health and addictions care: Toward improved access, to elucidate how an intersectional lens can provide a more complex understanding of harm reduction and MMT - how harm reduction and MMT are...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Harm reduction and equity of access to care for French prisoners: a review" potx
... contributed to the reduction of HIV prevalence among IDUs [28] NSPs are already available in Switzerland, Germany, Spain, Luxembourg and Scotland, and will soon become available in Portugal and in a growing ... between 1997 and 2003 [33] In a national postal survey of prison medical services for HCV screening and care conducted in 2000 and again in Table 1: Access to care and HIV, HBV and HCV status ... 11 (page number not for citation purposes) Harm Reduction Journal 2008, 5:17 http://www.harmreductionjournal.com/content/5/1/17 Table 2: Substance use and access to care at prison entry 1997 (%)...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Accelerating harm reduction interventions to confront the HIV epidemic in the Western Pacific and Asia: the role of WHO (WPRO)" pot
... up; (v) advocacy for testing and counselling; (vi) care, support and treatment for PWID; and (vii) monitoring and evaluation of harm reduction projects http://www.harmreductionjournal.com/content/5/1/26 ... up HIV testing and counselling, offer free ART to AIDS patients, and expand primary prevention measures such as MMT and NSPs for drug users, and condom promotion for sex workers and men who have ... in the field of HIV/AIDS and drug use WHO is one of the leading UN agencies promoting harm reduction and the main interlocutor with the health system involvement in harm reduction Its work is organized...
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báo cáo khoa học: " A qualitative assessment of stakeholder perceptions and socio-cultural influences on the acceptability of harm reduction programs in Tijuana, Mexico" ppsx
... acceptance of harm reduction in the Mexican context, cultural and political barriers to implementation, and the socio-cultural feasibly of, and suggestions for, the implementation of harm reduction ... Readiness and Suggestions Along with numerous criticisms of current policies and barriers to implementing harm reduction, individuals discussed Tijuana's socio-cultural readiness for harm reduction and ... problems, and they often go so far as to acquire the illness or the problem (Male, 45, Health Sector) Socio-political Context of Harm Reduction Intervention Levels of acceptance and support for harm reduction...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Debunking the claim that abstinence is usually healthier for smokers than switching to a low-risk alternative, and other observations about anti-tobacco-harm-reduction arguments" potx
... greatest untapped potential for harm reduction Submitted, Available at: http://www.tobaccoharmreduction.org/wpapers/ 006.htm) [2,3], and in endorsements by British and American medical organizations ... Rodu B: The case for harm reduction for control of tobacco-related illness and death AAPHP Resolution and White Paper 2008 [http://www.aaphp.org/special/joelstobac/ 20081026HarmReductionResolutionAsPassedl.pdf] ... Sweden Scand J Public Health 2005, 33(4):321-4 Gardner D: Risk: The science and politics of fear Toronto: McClelland and Stewart; 2008 Hatsukami DK, Henningfield JE, Kotlyar M: Harm reduction...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Love as harm reduction: fighting AIDS and stigma in Vietnam" docx
... citation purposes) Harm Reduction Journal 2009, 6:34 http://www.harmreductionjournal.com/content/6/1/34 healthcare It seems shameful that prevention, treatment, harm reduction and enforcement systems ... on D'Arcy Island and Bentinck Island in British Columbia between 1894 and 1924 where they were given only the barest of necessities: food and coffins[6] The afflicted were exiled and left to die ... Harm Reduction Journal 2009, 6:34 http://www.harmreductionjournal.com/content/6/1/34 works to overcome stigma, fear and lack of knowledge about HIV He also...
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báo cáo khoa học: " The US war on harm reduction: fixing policy on intelligence and facts" pdf
... resources are scarce for harm reduction activities, like drug demand reduction and rehabilitation, due to lack of trained staff and a severe shortage of female health workers and counselors There ... with NGO partners SHRO (Herat), Wadan, (Gardez and Kandahar) and KOR in Kabul and Faizabad Regional Opium Use and Influential Trends The experiences and influence of other countries in the region ... HIV/AIDS awareness and virtually no condom use [46] The growing number of injection drug users, the availability of heroin, and small, geographically-limited number of harm reduction and drug treatment...
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báo cáo khoa học: " The US war on harm reduction: fixing policy on intelligence and facts" ppt
... come to realize that harm reduction policies and programmes are critical to control of HIV among and from injecting drug users China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Burma and Taiwan are all now ... countries Contradictions between the new harm reduction approach and the former law enforcement dominated approach are being recognized and dealt with Thailand is now isolated as the last major ... failed and futile policy on the twin epidemics of HIV and illicit drugs will soon be a thing of the past More and more, countries want to fix their drugs and HIV policy on intelligence and facts...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Harm reduction services for British Columbia''''s First Nation population: a qualitative inquiry into opportunities and barriers for injection drug users" pdf
... compassion and more willing to listen and understand other ways of doing things." In addition to incorporating and respecting cultural practices, programs must also respect both age and literacy ... education and awareness interventions for the client they need support, not just needles." Harm reduction services must attempt to integrate into new and/ or existing reserve programs and could ... participation of the agencies and organizations that were a part of this study Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Harm Reduction Journal 2006, 3:30 http://www.harmreductionjournal.com/content/3/1/30...
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The role of language in adult education and poverty reduction in Botswan
... language to influence and persuade those who have power and also because their languages, experiences and knowledge are down played in the new policies and technologies Conclusion and recommendations ... between the poor and rich, formal and non formal education and help people cope with political, economic and social changes adult education programs need to respond to language conflicts and inequalities ... and promotes Setswana and English at the expense of the other languages that exist in the country, the adult language program in Botswana maintains the hegemony and the gap between the poor and...
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Tài liệu Advanced DSP and Noise reduction P1 pdf
... Hz to 80 Hz; band is band-pass and covers 80 Hz to kHz; band is high-pass and covers above kHz; and band is also high-pass and covers above kHz At the encoder the gain of each band is adaptively ... number of bands and the pre-emphasis strategy that that they employ Dolby A, developed for professional use, divides the signal spectrum into four frequency bands: band is low-pass and covers ... terms and in terms of probability functions Bayesian inference theory provides a generalised framework for statistical processing of random signals, and for formulating and solving estimation and...
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Tài liệu Advanced DSP and Noise reduction P2 pptx
... wideband noise whose spectrum has a non-flat shape; examples are pink noise, brown noise and autoregressive noise (e) Impulsive noise: consists of short-duration pulses of random amplitude and random ... sensation and quality Figures 2.9(a) and (b) show examples of the spectra of car noise recorded from a BMW and a Volvo respectively The noise in a car is nonstationary, and varied, and may include ... the signal and the noise processes The models are then used for the decoding of the underlying states of the signal and noise, and for noisy signal recognition and enhancement Noise and Distortion...
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Tài liệu Advanced DSP and Noise reduction P3 pdf
... of deterministic signals, random signals and random processes A random process generates random signals, and the collection of all signals that can be generated by a random process is the space ... that transforms a random input process X into an output process Y The input and output signals x(m) and y(m) are realisations of the random processes X and Y respectively If x(m) and y(m) are both ... Autocorrelation and power spectrum of impulsive noise Impulsive noise is a random, binary-state (“on/off”) sequence of impulses of random amplitudes and random time of occurrence In Chapter 12, a random...
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Tài liệu Advanced DSP and Noise reduction P4 pptx
... a symmetric and an asymmetric pdf and their respective mode, mean and median and the relations to MAP, MAVE and MMSE estimates 4.2.6 The Influence of the Prior on Estimation Bias and Variance ... is the random input of the AR model and n is the random noise Using Equation (4.3), the signal restoration process involves the estimation of both the model parameter vector θ and the random input ... vector µx and covariance matrix Σxx, and that the noise n(m) is also Gaussian with mean vector µn and covariance matrix Σnn The signal and noise pdfs model the prior spaces of the signal and the...
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Tài liệu Advanced DSP and Noise reduction P5 ppt
... 5.8(a) and 5.8(b) illustrate a 4-state HMM and its state–time diagram Since the number of states and the state parameters of an HMM are time-invariant, a state-time diagram is a repetitive and regular ... subtraction methods described in Chapters and 11) or by combining the noise and the signal models to model the noisy Signal and Noise Model Combination and Decomposition 171 signal The model combination ... each cluster is described by the centroid vector and the cluster probability, and the state observation model consists of M cluster centroids and the associated pmf {µik, Pik; i=1, , N, k=1,...
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Tài liệu Advanced DSP and Noise reduction P6 pdf
... Filter for Additive Noise Reduction Consider a signal x(m) observed in a broadband additive noise n(m)., and model as y(m) = x(m) + n(m) (6.45) Assuming that the signal and the noise are uncorrelated, ... x(m) and the noise n(m): Ryy = Rxx + Rnn (6.46) rxy = rxx (6.47) and we can also write where Ryy, Rxx and Rnn are the autocorrelation matrices of the noisy signal, the noise-free signal and the ... ) (6.50) where PXX(f) and PNN(f) are the signal and noise power spectra Dividing the numerator and the denominator of Equation (6.50) by the noise power spectra PNN(f) and substituting the variable...
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Tài liệu Advanced DSP and Noise reduction P7 docx
... dynamics of the signal process and an observation equation models the noisy observation signal For a signal x(m) and noisy observation y(m), the state equation model and the observation model are ... m | m − 1) ~ ( m| m − 1)] = x (7.20) and we have also used the assumption that the signal and the noise are uncorrelated Substitution of Equations (7.9) and (7.16) in Equation (7.15) yields the ... observed in a random noise The state and observation equations for this problem are given by x(m)= x(m − 1) = x y(m) = x + n(m) (7.41) (7.42) Note that Φ(m,m–1)=1, state excitation e(m)=0 and H(m)=1...
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Tài liệu Advanced DSP and Noise reduction P8 pptx
... X Ba ) 2 (8.55) where X and x are the signal matrix and vector defined by Equations (8.12) and (8.13), and similarly XB and xB are the signal matrix and vector for the backward predictor ... flexibility and better performance Sub-Band Linear Prediction Model 253 In sub-band linear prediction, the signal x(m) is passed through a bank of N band-pass filters, and is split into N sub-band signals ... of a sub-band linear prediction model Linear Prediction Models 254 where Bk and fk0 are the bandwidth and the centre frequency of the kth subband respectively To ensure that each sub-band LP parameters...
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