... 72 and nanoindentation-induced phase transformations during loading and unloading Both spherical and Berkovich indenters were considered Molecular Dynamics Simulation The interatomic ... distributions induced by spherical and Berkovich indenters would result in different Si-III and Si-XII distributions within the nanoindentation-induced deformed region Boyer et al [20] have observed and ... adopted to interpret phase transformation features in monocrystalline Si We then adopted a Berkovich indenter in the simulations to compare the difference of phases induced by the two indenters Figure...
... parameters and therefore separated with respect to real and imaginary parts with CiRj denoting the real part of the element in the ith row and jth column, and CiIj denoting the corresponding imaginary ... difficulty of identifying α dominates over the problem of estimating the phase center Since the CRB is proportional to σ , the increase in emitter power (i.e., SNR) required to maintain a given performance ... other interesting observations can be made For instance, increasing N from 100 to 200, for a fixed K, is approximately equivalent to increasing the SNR 1, doubling the with dB This holds in general:...
... transform into austenite and expand slightly to prior ferrite upon heating, and then decompose to extremely fine grains of pearlite and ferrite during cooling Position C: Grain-refining region ... pearlite and less ferrite than low carbon and mild steels • Grain refining region (C) consists of mainly martensite and some areas of pearlite and ferrite • In grain coarsening region (D), high cooling ... Udomphol Sep-Dec 2007 Transformation hardening in low carbon steels and mild steels (a) Base metal (c) Grain refining (b) Partial grain refining (d) Grain coarsening HAZ microstructure of a gas-tungsten...
... Figure 2.1 Principle of phase- change recording and temperature profile of the recording layer in writing and erasing process 10 Chapter Phase change optical data storage The principle of phase change ... determine whether a single femtosecond laser pulse could induce amorphous or crystalline mark inphase change media or not In order to investigate the nature of electronic and structural changes induced ... pulse can induce crystalline to amorphous phase transition in other phase change materials or amorphous to crystalline phase transition inphase change materials or not has never been investigated...
... decreasing any throttling and/ or reducing the process steam demand, and investing in a condensing turbine, as discussed by e.g Vakkilainen (2008), Kankkonen 19 Johanna Jửnsson (2010) and Olsson ... 2010 Increased thermal efficiency in Scandinavian integrated TMP and paper mills Analysing the potential for steam savings using the Heat Load Model for Pulp and Paper Chemical Engineering Transactions ... CO2 abatement within the European petroleum refining industry is influenced by location of the refineries and their proximity to other industries and/ or transport and energy infrastructure 27...
... existing in vivo, the unspecic inhibition of protein expression observed in the living cell after a cold shock can be explained by a direct binding of CSP to RNA and or DNA Besides this, in our ... enzymes cleaving the target protein Other effects which can occur in whole cells (e.g the induction of new proteins interfering with the protein expression) cannot occur in our isolated in vitro ... DNA and or RNA is required and that protein protein interaction or increased nuclease activity can be excluded as the main inhibitory factors for the expression process For reversing the inhibition...
... dairy products and beef market chain participants and to identify the main constraints and outline the interventions, it is due to this understanding that the present study was initiated Twelve ... grazing of cattle and small ruminants The role of women managing animals that are confined during most of the year is substantial and they are critically involved in removing and managing manure, which ... fattening systemsin Ethiopia According to MOA 1996, in Ethiopia there are three types of fattening systems 2.7.1 Traditional systemsIn such type of systems, oxen are usually sold after the plowing...
... help in disambiguation and provide a means by which sentences are marked as having violated certain rules Pattern matching proceeds by matching each arc in the pattern against the input string, ... itself, are introduced through the use o f patterns and pattern-matching algorithms Other systems have used patterns for parsing We have devised a powerful method of integrating, within the ATN ... t e d in grammar We have considered several typos of conjunction Simple forms o f c o n j u n c t i o n occur most (AND (INFLECTING V) (INTRAN3 V)) frequently, If the predicate INFLECTING was...
... order of interfering BSs are chosen by their decreasing distance to the MT The closest interfering BS is the first and an SNR of 10 dB is given within all cells Since the spreading combines the ... Kaiser, and K Fazel, Eds., vol 1, pp 277–286, Springer, Herrsching, Germany, May 2007 [21] S Plass, “Investigations on soft inter-cell interference cancellation in OFDM-CDM systems, ” in Proceedings ... used in the next iteration in the demodulator The signals of the desired cell Ydes (m) and the interfering cells Yint are reconstructed and for the next iteration step the inputs of the processing...
... examine the PES profiles These configurations are named as: (a) Hex. -In Phase; (b) Hex.-Out Phase; (c) Pentagon; (d) Line -In Phase; and (e) Line-Out Phase; (f) Threedimensional PES for the Hex. -In ... barriers into account, to predict the diffusion coefficient as a function of temperature and hydrogen coverage Our findings provide insights into the understanding of the diffusive and frictional ... thin film of CNTs, a single CNT connecting two electrodes, a nanoporous metal-organic network consisting of functional molecules and iron atoms, and the letter ―C‖ obtained by manipulating and...
... region by means of rainfall forecasting and nowcasting The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) was applied over Singapore and its neighboring region for rainfall forecasting Its performance ... forecasting by combining the WRF results and TM results to provide an improved rainfall forecasting Combined rainfall forecasting provides more vii accurate results than rainfall forecasts from a single ... rainfall model resulting from NWP and from TM The combined rainfall forecasting covered the full-span of a 24-hour rainfall forecasting Introduce, conceptualize and calibrate a widely used rainfall-runoff...
... permanent interchange of ideas between academic and industrial engineers and whether the ideas expressed influence research in the coming years xii InPhase Equilibria and Fluid Properties in the ... beginning 1 InPhase Equilibria and Fluid Properties in the Chemical Industry; Storvick, T., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1977 12 PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND ... any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto PRINTED IN T H E UNITED STATES OF AMERICA InPhase Equilibria and Fluid Properties in the Chemical Industry; Storvick,...
... the interface superheating and undercooling, during which the RDF was tried to be applied in determining the interface Tint DT Vint Dz melt-solid interface temperature interfacial superheating/undercooling ... to investigate the interface kinetics, i.e., interface superheating and undercooling temperature in the phase change process induced by an ultrafast laser pulse, and its effect on the resulting ... simulations to investigate ultrafast laser-induced phaseand structural change occurring in ultrafast laser interactions with crystalline silicon The crystalline silicon is modeled using the Stillinger–Weber...
... conditions, including degenerative disorders and sports injury We examined the magnitudeand mean- ingfulness of changes in SF-36 subscales in four orthopedic populations and compared changes in patients' ... documenting potential improvements in scores were ceiling effects at baseline, which were observed in the SF and RE subscales for all groups andin the RP and GH subscales for APM group Ceiling effects ... Baseline First follow-up Final follow-up Baseline First follow-up Final follow-up Baseline First follow-up Final follow-up Baseline First follow-up Final follow-up Baseline First follow-up Final...
... trading appropriate to many different kinds of investors 3 Pricing and behaviour Now that you understand the nature of calls and puts, you need to know how they are priced and how they behave In ... margin or cash payment applies The following are general guidelines for interest rate and dividend pricing characteristics Except under special circumstances, interest rate and dividend pricing ... call, with the underlying at 94.305, is worth 0.32; it has an intrinsic value of 0.305 and contains a time premium of 0.015 3 Pricing and behaviour When an option is deeply in the money, it will...
... which are discussed in Part 4 Volatility and pricing models 43 Comparing historical and implied volatility Historical and implied volatility move in tandem; they seldom coincide Figure 4.4 compares ... the industry, including, it seems, senior management of some very large banks, insurance firms and hedge funds, don’t have a practical understanding of the bell curve Keep the bell curve in mind ... underlyings The exceptions are options on stock indexes and options on short-term interest rate contracts such as Eurodollars In these contracts, no delivery of an underlying is involved Long and...
... long both a call and a put, the gamma figure tells us that its combined delta increases by 0.026 for each point increase in the underlying: the call increases its delta by 0.013, and the put decreases ... the more prominent traders in index options in Chicago His strategy was to sell index calls and hedge them with long S&P 500 futures contracts We were in a bear market Stocks and the index implied ... each point decrease in the underlying, the combined delta decreases by 0.026: the put increases its delta by 0.013, and the call decreases its delta by 0.013 In other words, as the underlying rallies,...
... further a spread is from the underlying, the less cost or income it has, and the less probability it has of becoming in- the-money 1×1s and volatility skews In the stock or bond markets, the out-of-the-money ... Again, they involve buying an option to take advantage of a chosen market direction But instead of selling one, they sell two options at the strike price that is more distant from the underlying ... short one 90 put and short one 85 put, and if XYZ suddenly breaks to 85, then the solution is to buy one 80 put In the first case, the resulting position is a long call condor, andin the second...
... out the following definitions: O Volatile means increasing absolute price movement, high absolute price movement, increasing historical and implied volatility, and high historical and implied ... the 85 put in the same transaction In order to trade to sell a put this spread, you must be reasonably certain that the underlying is due to increase in value, because the short put incurs the ... market, and some have more inherent risks All beginners should trade the spreads with the least risk, and these are marked with an asterisk (*) At some point, you may benefit from reviewing this introduction...
... narrow, the underlying increases in value, and time and the implied increases Imagine a stock index at 4000 and an implied at 50 per cent (I’ve seen it.) The Greeks between the 4000 and 4050 strikes ... discovery If and when the FTSE reaches this level again The point is to use butterflies and condors when options premiums are expensive 13 Butterflies and condors: combining call spreads and put ... were written against a stock portfolio in order to compensate for a price decline, andin the meantime, to earn income Have you ever heard of an insurance policy that paid you to be insured? On 19...