... levels ofthe strains collected inthe western part ofChina contrast with the ability ofthe strains from the coastal area to suppress P activity The presence ofthe M’ type populations in inland ... are in accordance with those from thein situ analysis andthe GD sterility occurring in Genomic coast cross A and cross * A tests DISCUSSION Our analysis indicates that the current Chinese populations ... part ofChinaandthe highest frequencies of P elements in populations from the east coastal part MATERIALS AND METHODS Strains studied Forty-one wild strains collected in diverse areas of China...
... Chinese University ofHong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China 2School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University ofHong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China Authors’ contributions VCHC, CHL and SMG conceived the ... SV, Griffiths S: Use of traditional Chinese medicine inHongKongSpecialAdministrative Region, China J Altern Complement Med 2007, 13(3):361-7 Licensing of Chinese Medicines Traders, Chinese ... medical professionals is a dominant factor in defining, controlling and scoping the work ofthe allied health professionals [21,22] as extending pharmacists’ role in primary care may affect the autonomy...
... Considerations for Overseas Schemes Place of Establishment ofthe Scheme It is recognised by the SFC that some overseas schemes already comply with certain provisions ofthe Handbook by virtue of ... Process Set out below are some ofthe submission requirements (not exhaustive): The scheme 's offering and constitutive documents, including its HongKong offering document and Product Key Facts Statement ... Framework The major laws and regulations governing the authorisation of collective investment schemes inHongKong are: a) 1; and b) SFC Handbook for Unit Trusts and Mutual Funds, InvestmentLinked Assurance...
... home and community care services, and integrated home care services (for disabled and frail cases) Assessors under the Mechanism are professionals from various disciplines such as social workers, ... Elderly Services inHongKong Page Community Support Services The service objective is to assist elderly persons to remain living inthe community for as long as possible These services also give support ... Some are in response to the change in policy and some are in response to the changing needs ofthe seniors One ofthe examples is the transfer of infirmary service from hospitals to welfare sector...
... ofthe company s subscribed capital including the rights and obligations arising from the shares or the shares of individual classes, and (if there are several classes of shares), the share of ... business report, companies must disclose the structure ofthe company s subscribed capital, including the rights and obligations arising from the shares or the shares of individual classes; the ... rights of shareholders through the courts is of more significance The timeliness and effectiveness ofthe court system that was assessed as weak under the ROSC remains as a major issue for enforcing...
... assessed using the Chronic Pain Grade (CPG) questionnaire [16], a seven-item instrument assessing severity in three dimensions: persistence, intensity and disability The three intensity items ... component (SF12-PCS) score and a mental component score (SF12-MCS) The SF12 has been translated into Chinese and validated inHongKong [22] Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics assessed pain ... populations as the present sample consisted of mainly Chinese female (78.2%) teachers Previous studies show that the experience of pain varies across cultures Replication ofthe present findings in other...
... this study This sampling method was chosen because ofthe absence of a list of caregivers inHongKongandthe greater feasibility of obtaining a sample of caregivers through various social service ... caregivers’ and consumers’ expectations and sometimes leads to dissatisfaction with government involvement inthe provision of psychiatric services Indeed, the government ofHongKongSpecialAdministrative ... life To conclude, the results supported hypothesis and hypothesis 2, the hypothesis was rejected 10 Discussion In this study, the quality of life of our caregivers was measured by The World Health...
... number of segments is larger Likewise, increases inthe riskiness of core businesses cause more entry and exit Finally, the authors showed that the Wrms’ performance is likely to increase by engaging ... practices in response to market pressures or other business interests, and policy–push reforms initiated by the ministries or the legislature in order to push change in existing corporategovernance ... ministries and industry (Aoki 2001b) The Ministry of Finance (MOF) and Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) helped share the beneWts of growth across diVerent Wrms and sectors...
... levels of business The research done by Anderson, Mansi and Reeber (2004) also emphasizes these limitations, suggesting as a solution the assumption ofthe size in relative terms, measuring the ... that the size ofthe board of directors will influence the cost of debt financing The results obtained show that the greater is the size ofthe board the lower the cost of financing obtained by the ... that the mechanism limiting the dissemination ofthe business secrets may be a possible explanation for the usually reduced board size As a result of increasing the number of members ofthe board...
... management acts inthe best interests ofthe shareholders The board of directors is responsible for execution ofthe resolutions passed by the shareholders’ meetings and for appointing, removing, and remunerating ... auditing is an important issue worthy of serious study In particular, as the agency relationship, the business administrative system, andcorporategovernance practices in emerging markets such as ... expropriation of minority shareholders’ interests thereafter As a result, the auditing profession andthe stock market may be able to develop smoothly inChinaIn line with the continuing progress of the...
... (Jensen and Meckling, 1976) Thus, a series of mechanisms or measures are imposed to bind the managers and to induce them to act inthe best interest ofthe owners One ofthe binding mechanisms is ... auditing firms for the purpose of “opinion shopping” among the Chinese listed firms Nonetheless, this finding is consistent with some studies inthe US (Craswell, 1988; Watkins et al., 2004) or inChina ... variables inthe regression model The stock market inChina is segregated The A-share firms are for domestic investors while a small numbers of B-share firms are for overseas investors According to the...
... (institutional) investors' demands Asia witnessed large and increasing capital inflow inthe 199 0s Much involved investments by institutional investors The question arises whether these investments ... transparency, the causes and effects ofthe Asian financial crisis andthe role of banks and other financial institutions A Group affiliation Business groups are popular in Asia Claessens et ... transactions (Rajan and Zingales 1998) This nexus serves as the institutional structure of most analyses and determines the overall theme of our survey Thecorporategovernance work on Asia shows that the...
... (NPLs) of financial institutions, seriously undermining the soundness ofthe financial system as a whole As ofthe end of June 1998, the estimated total of NPLs of all financial institutions, broadly ... shares In 1997, 68% of investors owned less than 500 shares All together the market value of shares owned by these small shareholders is less than 3% of total market value Less than 5% of investors ... terms of financing Since the early 198 0s, chaebols were required to get pre-approval from main banks on their business decisions regarding market entry, investments, acquisitions of assets and...
... owners and managers, and ignores the interdependencies and interactions among stakeholders Opponents ofthe shareholder model stress that the interests of all ofthe stakeholders‟ interests must ... authorizes the MOF to issue ministerial regulations and guidelines in cases where listed companies buy back their shares In these cases, companies are required to disclose to the stock exchanges the information ... may include fines or delisting Accordingly, the SSC may impose administrative fines, suspension of trading, administrative warnings, and delisting Equitable treatment of all shareholders at the...
... governanceinthe financial crisis than other concurrent papers by investigating various aspects ofthe crisis including risk-taking prior to the crisis and capital raisings during the crisis ... background and motivation of this paper Section presents the sample and data and Section shows the empirical results Section presents additional analyses and Section reports sensitivity tests Section ... countries imposed short-selling bans on the stocks of many financial institutions to curb steep declines of their stock prices (3) In October 2008, changes inthe International Financial Reporting Standards...
... ownership is dispersed among a large number of individual and institutional investors In this case, the responsibility of protecting the interests ofthe shareholders is put on the legal system, ... their boards Since these DFIs were owned by the government, all the decisions were driven by their political bosses The performance of these financial institutions was assessed on the basis of quantity ... behaviors increase the costs to the firm, which may include costs of structuring the contracts, costs of monitoring and controlling the behavior ofthe agents, and losses incurred due to sub-optimal...
... findings ofthe research indicate that the effect of independent directors inthe insider systems ofChinaand India is different from that inthe outsider systems The transplantation ofthe concept ... side comprising the U .S andthe U.K andthe insider system on the other comprising Chinaand India While the former set of countries forms part ofthe developed world, both Chinaand India are ... continue to play an important role inthecorporate sectors These differences inthe insider systems make the study of a market-based institution such as independent directors more interesting The...
... frequency of small negative earnings (negative earnings changes or earnings surprises) is less than expected These results are explained as evidence of managers using income-increasing earnings management ... previous studies One is the board composition of outside directors, the second is the combination ofthe roles ofthe CEO andthe chairman ofthe board in one person, andthe last is the financial ... between corporategovernanceand earnings management of UK companies, and expects to find some interesting results because ofthe different institutional settings inthe UK andthe US The major...