... that adjusting for bio-demographic
covariates produced an increase of urban inequities in
most countries is quite surprising. Similar findings have
been reported in other developingcountries ... pop-
ulation explosion indevelopingcountries and in SSA in
particular, is accompanied by increasing urban poverty
and malnutrition [2,5].
Newly assembled evidence from developing countries
indicates that ... 15 countries NAp
d
35.6 5.4 323 -0.7
Sub-Saharan Africa NAp 34.0 4.7 572 -0.8
Developing countries NAp 40.5 3.5 NAv
e
NAv
a
Ranking within 48 African countries. Countries are ranked in decreasing...
... decline or no change. In sub-Saharan Africa, of
the 27 countries with recent data on trends, there has been a decline in the percent
marrying before 18 in 24 countries and no change in 3 countries. ... apparent in Figure 5b in that most points that do not fall on the diagonal
line (indicating gender equality) fall below the line indicating a higher percent of female
students attending secondary ... been no rise in the percent having sex before 18;
instead, in the majority of countries the percent having sex before 18 has either remained
unchanged (14 countries) or fallen (8 countries) ....
... and middle income High-income countries Low and middle income High income countries
countries countries
Breast cancer Cervical cancer
Deaths DALYs lost
6.4
4.4
7.5
0.8
7.4
5.1
9.7
1.2
In the case ... women.”
22
The burden of breast cancer
in developing countries
Recent evidence shows that in middle-income develop-
ing countries, breast cancer is replacing cervical cancer
as the number one ... 7.5% and
9.7% in high-income countries. Cervical cancer
accounts for 4.4% of deaths and 5.1% of DALYs
in lower income countries, and for a much lower
share in high-income countries –only...
...
constructing latrines for both boys and girls, constructing
walls and fences, and developing protocols for managing
violence at school
ã Developing and posting school health policies, including ... idea indeveloping
countries?
School health programs indevelopingcountries often date
to the 1970s, 1960s, or even earlier, often to colonial-era
antecedents (Bundy, 2011). Many developingcountries ... teachers is an
ongoing concern incountries already struggling to maintain the
teaching force to attain EFA goals. Incountries with generalized
HIV epidemics, successful efforts to increase access...
... coal has been found
1083Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2000, 78 (9)
Indoor air pollution indeveloping countries
Indoor air pollution indeveloping countries: a
major environmental ... is protective in these settings.
Cancer
Lung cancer
Tobacco smoke is the most important risk for lung
cancer and explains most cases in industrialized
countries. Indeveloping countries, non-smokers,
frequently ... smoke trigger asthma in
sensitized individuals (79, 81).
In developing countries, studies on biomass
smoke in relation to asthma in children and adults
have yielded mixed findings. A questionnaire...
... a different route to international
markets. Indeveloping countries, an increasing number of firms go international
by becom ing contract manufacturers in a global value chain, created and coordi-
nated ... SMEs in developing
countries, where relatively few entrepreneurs have international experience or
a high level of management education. Compared to those in developed countries,
firms indeveloping ... interested in selling products by adopting a common
framework; firms belonging to a research and development consortium, who are
interested in combining their resources and competences in order...
... are more applicable indeveloping countries, for
instance, to increasing milk yield in cows fed high forage diets in India [NDDB records
quoted in Leng [1997]. Industrialised countries normally ...
Improving protein nutrition is the second strategy for increasing production in ruminants
with a high protein requirements. These include young animals following weaning, cows
in the last ... 0.2208
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
01234567
Protein meal intake [gCP/kg LWt/day]
Increase in LWt [kg/day]
2
REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTEIN MEALS FOR RUMINANT MEAT
PRODUCTION INDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES
By
R A...
... developingcountries are
used there in production processes while fewer than 1 percent of the patents issued in
developing countries go to developingcountries nationals. Additionally, inventors ... modern biotechnological
revolution (genetic engineering) on food security indeveloping countries. It finds that within
the present framework, where innovations are driven by profit rather than ... security indevelopingcountries 47
Concentration of research in biotechnology in the private domain, controlled by a few
multinational companies of the North, and coupled with development of an international...
... constraints for
using gene-based technologies in animal agriculture in
developingcountries and possible role of international donor
agencies in promoting R&D in this field. In FAO/IAEA
international ... analysis of rinderpest viruses has
been vital in determining the lineages circulating in the
world and instrumental in aiding the Global Rinderpest
Eradication Programme. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assays ...
Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz.,
24 (1)
131
The livestock economy in
developing countries
Livestock is becoming increasingly important in the
growth of agriculture indeveloping economies. The
contributions...
... to enter the labor force or intensify their
involvement in income-earning activities to compensate for declining family income. This in
turn often involved calling on girls to take over the ... schooling.
2
Before reviewing existing empirical work I
outline, in the next section, the conceptual frameworks delineating the pathways linking
women’s work to child outcomes. This informs ... other hand,
infants, who require very intensive caregiving (including breastfeeding), may incur nutritional
risk. Less well understood, and warranting more investigation, are the links between...
... were
disaggregated into two subgroups, only those 16 or younger
in India and 17–18-year-olds in Indonesia had significant-
ly reduced odds of using antenatal care (0.8 and 0.5, re-
spectively).
In four countries ... biases against
youth in clinical settings, including examination of provider
attitudes, health care policies and logistical issues. Howev-
er, the few studies that have focused on maternal and in-
fant ... were lowest in Africa, moderate in Asia and relatively
high in Latin America. For countries where data were avail-
able, larger proportions of mothers in Latin America were
still in school at...
... particulates and other pollutants emitted by
industry and vehicles.
50
There is increasing interest in the problem
in India, China, and other rapidly developingcountries of Asia,
where the effects ... package of effective interventions applied in high-income
countries has typically not been implemented in low-income countries.
These include behavioral interventions—promoting seat belt use for ... among the leading causes of death
for adults in low- and middle-income countries, killing an estimated
1.6 million people worldwide in 2005.
44
As in the 19th century, urban
crowding increases...
... are an ideal way to begin
controlling cancer indeveloping countries.
Burden of Cancer in
Developing Countries
Although data on cancer cases and deaths indeveloping
countries are more limited ...
strategies indeveloping countries, more work is needed in
the following areas.
ã Clinical evaluations of cancer control interventions
should be undertaken in low- and middle-income
countries, in ... rates in developed countries because they are related
to tobacco use, diet, and carcinogens in the workplace. ese
cancers are becoming more common indevelopingcountries
as people increasingly...
...
Abstract
In developing countries, weak environmental regulatory institutions often undermine
conventional command-and-control policies. As a result, these countries are increasingly experimenting ... literature—and for that matter in all research on environmental
management indevelopingcountries is acquiring data on environmental performance. In most
developing countries, credible plant-level ... contributions to our
understanding of the determinants of environmental performance indeveloping countries, most
fall short of convincingly isolating and identifying causal impacts of regulatory...
... arjournals.annualreviews.org
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