context concepts and policy on poverty and inequality
Ensuring Financial Stability: Financial Structure and the Impact of Monetary Policy on Asset Prices
... decisions on the current, as opposed to the historical, valuation level, households’ ability to borrow will be more sensitive to current economic conditions and monetary policy Thus, Tsatsaronis and ... reliance on capital markets for mortgage funding associated with securitisation implies stronger effects of monetary policy on the economy and on residential property prices (CGFS 2006) On the ... Denmark, Switzerland, Spain, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and the UK, a threemonth Treasury bill rate for Belgium, Sweden and the US, and a three-month commercial...
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Tài liệu WHO policy on collaborative TB/HIV activities -Guidelines for national programmes and other stakeholders doc
... infections 2.Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - prevention and control 3.AIDS-related opportunistic infections - prevention and control 4.Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - prevention and control 5.National ... maternal and child health, harm reduction services and prison health services Monitoring and evaluation of collaborative TB/HIV activities should be done within one national system using standardized ... coordination and collaboration among HIV programmes and TB-control programmes as well as private service providers and their professional associations This collaboration can be either at national,...
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STUDIES ON THE ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF BUTTERFLIES IN EUROPE: Vol. 1: General Concepts and Case Studies pptx
... page intentionally left blank Studies on the Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies in Europe Studies on the Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies in Europe Vol 1: General Concepts and Case Studies ... on the Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies in Europe Vol 1: General Concepts and Case Studies, p 16 Relative importance of resource size and isolation for landscape distribution of two monophagous ... in the Pannonian region: taxonomy, bionomy, conservation biology Zoltán Varga, Sándor Szabó & Péter Kozma 65 Section 2.1 Conservation of butterflies and global change – Monitoring butterflies...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " On Minkowski’s inequality and its application" doc
... equality if and only if f(x) and g(x) are proportional, and 1/t (f (x) + g(x))t dx 1/t ≥ f (x)t dx 1/t + g(x)t dx with equality if and only if f(x) and g(x) are proportional Zhao and Cheung Journal ... The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Authors’ contributions C-JZ and W-SC jointly contributed to the main results Theorems 1.2 and 2.2, Both authors read and approved the final ... as: Zhao and Cheung: On Minkowski’s inequality and its application Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011 2011:71 Submit your manuscript to a journal and benefit from: Convenient online submission...
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Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty ReductionCynthia pdf
... review on how increased access to infrastructure services impacts on poverty reduction in four sectorsenergy, water and sanitation, transportation, and information and communication (Brenneman and ... by railway construction and increased demand for local products and services Railway construction also had a demonstration effect: local people employed gained confidence, skills, and experience ... dependent on the policy context Thus, the study needed to take into account variations in policy context as well as actual infrastructure investment These variations include both macroeconomic and...
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Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction - Chapter 0 pps
... transport and energy infrastructure contributes to poverty reduction, and why these contributions are important One new aspect that emerges is that, in addition to their impacts on income dimensions ... by railway construction and increased demand for local products and services Railway construction also had a demonstration effect: local people employed gained confidence, skills, and experience ... Findings and Conclusions 177 Study Parameters 177 Findings 180 Conclusions 193 Chapter Policy and Operational Implications 199 Policy...
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Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction - Chapter 1 docx
... dependent on the policy context Thus, the study needed to take into account variations in policy context as well as actual infrastructure investment These variations include both macroeconomic and ... Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction Introduction Transport and energy enable other activities to bring about poverty reduction Policies and approaches to operations should ... Similarly, the contributions of transport and energy investments to poverty reduction are likely to be different in urban and rural areas Literature and Project Review poverty as a primary or secondary...
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Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction - Chapter 2 ppsx
... review on how increased access to infrastructure services impacts on poverty reduction in four sectorsenergy, water and sanitation, transportation, and information and communication (Brenneman and ... is often due to disconnection, often geographical, from the wider economy and society (Datt and Ravallion 2002, Jalan and Ravallion 2002) The provision of infrastructure and services is critical ... expenditures) on rural production and rural poverty Poverty is defined as the percentage of the rural population falling below the poverty line In these equations, rural poverty reduction (DP) is...
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Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction - Chapter 3 doc
... Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction Railway from Beijing to Kowloon, Hong Kong, while not and suffered severe damage due to civil conflict and natutargeted on poverty, promoted ... Rural Poverty Alleviation and Maranhao Rural Poverty Alleviation, aimed to reduce poverty in the states of Paraiba and Maranhao, mainly by providing basic social and economic infrastructure and ... level and sources of wage and nonwage income; consumption and market surplus; use of transport; demand for institutional services, particularly health care, family planning, and education;...
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Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction - Chapter 4 doc
... transport and energy interventions on than as investments in building a nations infrastructure, poverty reduction are strongly conditioned by the context less attention has been paid to generating continuing ... qualpoverty reduction is strongly conditioned by the context ity, available technologies for production (farm and nonin which these interventions take place A distinction is farm), efficiency and effectiveness ... information as well as for goods and Nakhon services, and exposure to national media such as radio and television can dramatically alter intrahousehold relations among men and women, young and old...
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Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction - Chapter 5 pdf
... During the construction period, thousands of construction technicians and workers lived in the area Their consumption created demand for locally produced products and services Between 1996 and 2000, ... Training, and Electricity Credit, Training, and Roads Training, Roads, and Electricity Roads and Electricity Only Credit and Technical Training Only Credit and Roads Only Credit and Electricity Only ... employment, while most technical and that consequently they reduced expenditures on contraining is provided on crop production and livestock In sumption and asset accumulation Access to credit seems...
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Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction - Chapter 6 ppt
... Region and one in the Southern Region In addition to being centers of rural production, both regions are major destinations for interregional transportation and are well served by both road and ... with poor road conditions, moderate road conditions, and good road conditions This stratification was applied in each province, so there was little variation in this distribution across provinces ... impact on the nonpoor and the less poor Most other respondents felt that electricity had no net effect on education About one fourth of all respondents mentioned getting more information from...
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Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction - Chapter 7 pps
... the policy environment and providing public investment for economic growth and poverty reduction Significant variation in performance at the state level may be related to significant variation ... in favor of the secondary (industry) and tertiary (services) sectors The state ranks first nationally in the production of cotton and groundnuts, and second in the production of tobacco It is ... drought conditions in the area over the last few years, growing crops is not feasible Under such conditions, the only option left for Fatima and her husband is to seek wage work Fatimas husband has...
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Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction - Chapter 8 potx
... transport mode and in frequency of travel to different destinations, as well as the impact of employment in road construction and the impact of bus stations on poverty Findings and Conclusions 179 In ... Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction personal travel suggests that such travel has utility for both the poor and the nonpoor, both as a consumption good and as an investment ... focus on changes in the incidence of poverty at the community level It has, rather, focused on changes in household income and poverty status, as well as on nonincome dimensions of poverty Only...
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Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction - Chapter 9 doc
... productivity and welfare of the poor Policy and Operational Implications 201 Types of Impacts Transport and energy are commonly considered primarily as agents of economic growth that contribute to poverty ... access under conditions of isolation, who fear the impact of improved access on common property resources Monitoring and Evaluation Generally, ex ante analysis of the poverty reduction impact of ... whose poverty is temporary or seasonal rather than chronic; those who experience fewer social and cultural barriers to participation in economic and social activities However, many noneconomic...
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Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction - Chapter 10 potx
... nonincome dimensions of poverty It is necessary to broaden the notions of poverty reduction and pro-poor growth to cover both income and nonincome dimensions, and to conduct additional research ... effects of contextual and situational factors on project outcomes Indicators of poverty and poverty reduction in such studies are usually limited to income levels, assets, occupational status, and some ... International Development , and Peter Richards, eds 1984 Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation Intermediate Technology Publications, London, 1984 Hulme, David, and Andrew Shepherd Conceptualizing...
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Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction - Appendix potx
... on the impact on poverty reduction of increased access to infrastructure services in four sectors: energy, water and sanitation, transportation, and information and communication (Brenneman and ... experience of poverty depends as much on ones perception of oneself in relation to others as it does on conditions of absolute material deprivation This insight explains why income inequality may ... for farmers and construction crews One study reports on the experience of constructing a green road in the hill region (Seddon and Shrestha 2002) Women participated in the construction of this...
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báo cáo khoa học: " The US war on harm reduction: fixing policy on intelligence and facts" pdf
... contributions CT researched and wrote the section on the history of opium cultivation and use in Afghanistan as well as the section on injection drug use trends in Central Asia NS researched and ... section on the current Afghan situation, including law, government policy, and treatment services available SS researched and wrote the summary statements and contributed to the section on regional ... United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (UNODCCP) and UNAIDS: Baseline Study of the Relationship between injection drug use, HIV and hepatitis C among male injection drug users...
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báo cáo khoa học: " The US war on harm reduction: fixing policy on intelligence and facts" ppt
... failed and futile policy on the twin epidemics of HIV and illicit drugs will soon be a thing of the past More and more, countries want to fix their drugs and HIV policy on intelligence and facts ... citizens and organizations' who were 'better informed on prevention, intervention and treatment of addiction than any other source' They urged Ambassador Tobias to 'continue to promote and defend ... our concern about recent reports that US officials have questioned the efficacy of needle exchange programs and sought to block support for needle exchange in United Nations resolutions and policy...
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analyzing impacts of rubber plantation on poverty reduction, land ownership and natural forest resource in northern, lao pdr
... the contribution of rubber expansion on natural resources accessibility and utilization and on the sustainability of environmental condition Give recommendations to multiply the contribution and ... organizations, the Lao Front for National Construction, and mass organizations for use, and the allocation to foreigners, and organizations of such persons for lease or concession Therefore, under land ... Lease and concession are determined based on each case, as explained below: Table 2.3: Differentiation between land lease and concession Lease of Land (state and private land) Land Concession (State...
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