... CERT® GUIDE TO SYSTEMANDNETWORK SECURITY PRACTICES8 THE CERT® GUIDE TO SYSTEMANDNETWORK SECURITY PRACTICESTo Identify and Enable Systems andNetwork Logging MechanismsIdentify and Install ... establishment and maintenance of secure configura-tions and the secure operations of critical assets.Most systemandnetwork administrators have developed their knowledge of how toprotect and secure systems ... following informa-tion assets:• Detection tools•Networks• Systems (including processes and user behavior)• Networkandsystem performance• Files and directories• Hardware• Access to physical...
... target system can only be reached throughaparticular router that hasjustgonedown,then Nagios reports that thetargetsystem is “unreachable”, anddoesnot bother tobombarditwithfurther host andservicechecks.The ... andrepresentingthe performancedataprovided by plugins, whichare describedindetail in Chapter 17.Networksare rarely homogeneous, that is,equippedonlywithLinux andotherUnix-based operating systems. ... SteffenWaitz andJ¨orgLinge,for theirsupport. Averyspecialthanks goes to Patricia Jung,who,asthe technical editor for theGermanlanguageversion, overhauled themanuscriptand pestered me withthousands...
... Background, and Objectives’’ , Bell System Technical Journal, 58(1); 1–14.[WAL-99] B.H. Walke, Mobile Radio Networks Networking and Protocols, Wiley, Chichester, 1999.Mobile Satellite Communication Networks42termination ... 2483.5–2500 MHz bands. These bands were to be shared withthe existing mobile-satellite services and other services, already assigned to these bands.Similarly the 2500–2520 and 2670–2690 MHz bands were ... terrestrial IMT-2000 services in the 1885–1980, 2010–2025 and 2110–2170 MHzbands in Regions 1 and 3; and 1885–1980 and 2110–2160 MHz bands in Region 2. This formof service delivery will be discussed...
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DOES THE WEB APPLICATION REQUIRE AUTHENTICATION OF THE USER?Many Web applications require another server authenticate usersExamine how information is passed between the two serversEncrypted channelsVerify that logon and password information is stored on secure placesAuthentication servers introduce a second target443734APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURES (CONTINUED)Top10 Web application vulnerabilities (continued)Remote administration flawsAttacker can gain access to the Web server through the remote administration interfaceWeb and application server misconfigurationAny Web server software out of the box is usually vulnerable to attackDefault accounts and passwordsOverly informative error messages3216WEB FORMSUse the <form> element or tag in an HTML documentAllows customer to submit information to the Web serverWeb servers process information from a Web form by using a Web applicationEasy way for attackers to intercept data that users submit to a Web server7APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURESOpen Web Application Security Project (OWASP)Open, notforprofit organization dedicated to finding and fighting vulnerabilities in Web applicationsPublishes the Ten Most Critical Web Application Security VulnerabilitiesTop10 Web application vulnerabilitiesUnvalidated parametersHTTP requests are not validated by the Web serverBroken access controlDevelopers implement access controls but fail to test them properly29USING SCRIPTING LANGUAGESDynamic Web pages can be developed using scripting languagesVBScriptJavaScriptPHP18OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC) (CONTINUED)ODBC definesStandardized representation of data typesA library of ODBC functionsStandard methods of connecting to and logging on to a DBMS24WEB APPLICATION COMPONENTSStatic Web pagesCreated using HTMLDynamic Web pagesNeed special components<form> tagsCommon Gateway Interface (CGI)Active Server Pages (ASP)PHPColdFusionScripting languagesDatabase connectors6APACHE WEB SERVERTomcat Apache is another Web Server programTomcat Apache hosts anywhere from 50% to 60% of all Web sitesAdvantagesWorks on just about any *NIX and Windows platformIt is freeRequires Java 2 Standard Runtime Environment (J2SE, version 5.0)15ON WHAT PLATFORM WAS THE WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPED?Several different platforms and technologies can be used to develop Web applicationsAttacks differ depending on the platform and technology used to develop the applicationFootprinting is used to find out as much information as possible about a target system The more you know about a system the easier it is to gather information about its vulnerabilities45OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC)Standard database access method developed by the SQL Access GroupODBC interface allows an application to accessData stored in a database management system Any system that understands and can issue ODBC commandsInteroperability among backend DBMS is a key feature of the ODBC interface2348UNDERSTANDING WEB APPLICATIONSIt is nearly impossible to write a program without bugsSome bugs create security vulnerabilitiesWeb applications also have bugsWeb applications have a larger user base than standalone applicationsBugs are a bigger problem for Web applications5DOES THE WEB APPLICATION CONNECT TO A BACKEND DATABASE SERVER? (CONTINUED)Basic testing should look forWhether you can enter text with punctuation marksWhether you can enter a single quotation mark followed by any SQL keywordsWhether you can get any sort of database error when attempting to inject SQL43DOES THE WEB APPLICATION USE DYNAMIC WEB PAGES?Static Web pages do not create a security environmentIIS attack exampleSubmitting a specially formatted URL to the attacked Web serverIIS does not correctly parse the URL informationAttackers could launch a Unicode exploithttp://www.nopatchiss.com/scripts/ ... DOES THE WEB APPLICATION REQUIRE AUTHENTICATION OF THE USER?Many Web applications require another server authenticate usersExamine how information is passed between the two serversEncrypted channelsVerify that logon and password information is stored on secure placesAuthentication servers introduce a second target443734APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURES (CONTINUED)Top10 Web application vulnerabilities (continued)Remote administration flawsAttacker can gain access to the Web server through the remote administration interfaceWeb and application server misconfigurationAny Web server software out of the box is usually vulnerable to attackDefault accounts and passwordsOverly informative error messages3216WEB FORMSUse the <form> element or tag in an HTML documentAllows customer to submit information to the Web serverWeb servers process information from a Web form by using a Web applicationEasy way for attackers to intercept data that users submit to a Web server7APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURESOpen Web Application Security Project (OWASP)Open, notforprofit organization dedicated to finding and fighting vulnerabilities in Web applicationsPublishes the Ten Most Critical Web Application Security VulnerabilitiesTop10 Web application vulnerabilitiesUnvalidated parametersHTTP requests are not validated by the Web serverBroken access controlDevelopers implement access controls but fail to test them properly29USING SCRIPTING LANGUAGESDynamic Web pages can be developed using scripting languagesVBScriptJavaScriptPHP18OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC) (CONTINUED)ODBC definesStandardized representation of data typesA library of ODBC functionsStandard methods of connecting to and logging on to a DBMS24WEB APPLICATION COMPONENTSStatic Web pagesCreated using HTMLDynamic Web pagesNeed special components<form> tagsCommon Gateway Interface (CGI)Active Server Pages (ASP)PHPColdFusionScripting languagesDatabase connectors6APACHE WEB SERVERTomcat Apache is another Web Server programTomcat Apache hosts anywhere from 50% to 60% of all Web sitesAdvantagesWorks on just about any *NIX and Windows platformIt is freeRequires Java 2 Standard Runtime Environment (J2SE, version 5.0)15ON WHAT PLATFORM WAS THE WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPED?Several different platforms and technologies can be used to develop Web applicationsAttacks differ depending on the platform and technology used to develop the applicationFootprinting is used to find out as much information as possible about a target system The more you know about a system the easier it is to gather information about its vulnerabilities45OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC)Standard database access method developed by the SQL Access GroupODBC interface allows an application to accessData stored in a database management system Any system that understands and can issue ODBC commandsInteroperability among backend DBMS is a key feature of the ODBC interface2348UNDERSTANDING WEB APPLICATIONSIt is nearly impossible to write a program without bugsSome bugs create security vulnerabilitiesWeb applications also have bugsWeb applications have a larger user base than standalone applicationsBugs are a bigger problem for Web applications5DOES THE WEB APPLICATION CONNECT TO A BACKEND DATABASE SERVER? (CONTINUED)Basic testing should look forWhether you can enter text with punctuation marksWhether you can enter a single quotation mark followed by any SQL keywordsWhether you can get any sort of database error when attempting to inject SQL43DOES THE WEB APPLICATION USE DYNAMIC WEB PAGES?Static Web pages do not create a security environmentIIS attack exampleSubmitting a specially formatted URL to the attacked Web serverIIS does not correctly parse the URL informationAttackers could launch a Unicode exploithttp://www.nopatchiss.com/scripts/ ... DOES THE WEB APPLICATION REQUIRE AUTHENTICATION OF THE USER?Many Web applications require another server authenticate usersExamine how information is passed between the two serversEncrypted channelsVerify that logon and password information is stored on secure placesAuthentication servers introduce a second target443734APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURES (CONTINUED)Top10 Web application vulnerabilities (continued)Remote administration flawsAttacker can gain access to the Web server through the remote administration interfaceWeb and application server misconfigurationAny Web server software out of the box is usually vulnerable to attackDefault accounts and passwordsOverly informative error messages3216WEB FORMSUse the <form> element or tag in an HTML documentAllows customer to submit information to the Web serverWeb servers process information from a Web form by using a Web applicationEasy way for attackers to intercept data that users submit to a Web server7APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURESOpen Web Application Security Project (OWASP)Open, notforprofit organization dedicated to finding and fighting vulnerabilities in Web applicationsPublishes the Ten Most Critical Web Application Security VulnerabilitiesTop10 Web application vulnerabilitiesUnvalidated parametersHTTP requests are not validated by the Web serverBroken access controlDevelopers implement access controls but fail to test them properly29USING SCRIPTING LANGUAGESDynamic Web pages can be developed using scripting languagesVBScriptJavaScriptPHP18OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC) (CONTINUED)ODBC definesStandardized representation of data typesA library of ODBC functionsStandard methods of connecting to and logging on to a DBMS24WEB APPLICATION COMPONENTSStatic Web pagesCreated using HTMLDynamic Web pagesNeed special components<form> tagsCommon Gateway Interface (CGI)Active Server Pages (ASP)PHPColdFusionScripting languagesDatabase connectors6APACHE WEB SERVERTomcat Apache is another Web Server programTomcat Apache hosts anywhere from 50% to 60% of all Web sitesAdvantagesWorks on just about any *NIX and Windows platformIt is freeRequires Java 2 Standard Runtime Environment (J2SE, version 5.0)15ON WHAT PLATFORM WAS THE WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPED?Several different platforms and technologies can be used to develop Web applicationsAttacks differ depending on the platform and technology used to develop the applicationFootprinting is used to find out as much information as possible about a target system The more you know about a system the easier it is to gather information about its vulnerabilities45OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC)Standard database access method developed by the SQL Access GroupODBC interface allows an application to accessData stored in a database management system Any system that understands and can issue ODBC commandsInteroperability among backend DBMS is a key feature of the ODBC interface2348UNDERSTANDING WEB APPLICATIONSIt is nearly impossible to write a program without bugsSome bugs create security vulnerabilitiesWeb applications also have bugsWeb applications have a larger user base than standalone applicationsBugs are a bigger problem for Web applications5DOES THE WEB APPLICATION CONNECT TO A BACKEND DATABASE SERVER? (CONTINUED)Basic testing should look forWhether you can enter text with punctuation marksWhether you can enter a single quotation mark followed by any SQL keywordsWhether you can get any sort of database error when attempting to inject SQL43DOES THE WEB APPLICATION USE DYNAMIC WEB PAGES?Static Web pages do not create a security environmentIIS attack exampleSubmitting a specially formatted URL to the attacked Web serverIIS does not correctly parse the URL informationAttackers could launch a Unicode exploithttp://www.nopatchiss.com/scripts/...
... II trong sách “Principles of Digital Communication Systems and Computer Networks” của nhóm em.Phần I – Các hệ thống truyền thông số(Digital Communation System) Chương 2: Lý Thuyết Thông Tin(Information ... sư truyền thông.Tài liệu tham khảoC. E. Shannon. "A Mathematical Theory of Communication. " Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 27, 1948.Tất cả các kỹ sư truyền thông phải đọc bài ... Cuốn sách của ông “A Maththemathical Theroy of Communication ” (Một lý thuyết toán học của sự truyền thông tin) được xuất bản trong Tạp chí Bell System Technical là cơ sở cho sự phát triển toàn...
... and re- near the grammatical end of the continuum are called grammatical morphemes.Note that grammatical morphemes include forms that we can consider to be words like the, a, and, and of and ... internet, and some valuable books of foreign and domestic scholars. We think these are valuable sources to effectively support for our study.+ Comparison: we gave out the similarities and differences ... of all, we should understand deeply about its morpheme system. Living in a community, human beings need a tool to communicate with each other, and to carry on human and social affairs. They,...
... Linux ext2 Kiểu filesystem đợc dùng chủ yếu trên Linux partition. iso9660 Kiểu ISO 9660 filesystem đợc dùng với CD-ROM disks. sysv Kiểu Nhằm hỗ trợ cho dạng UNIX System V filesystem. msdos ... dới Linux systems:## Sample /etc/fstab file for a Linux machine## Local mounts/dev/sda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1mkswap /dev/hda22. Mounting and unmounting file systemsMounting file systemsNh ... Bỏ mount một hệ thống file (điểm mount). I. File Systemand Disk Administration1. Cấu trúc th mục trên Unix / - Th mục gốc trên UNIX file system. /bin - Là symbol link tới /usr/bin chứa các...
... solaris dùng lệnh newfs), mkswap tạo swap file system. Ví dụ mke2fs /dev/hda1 mkswap /dev/hda2 3. Mounting and unmounting file systems Mounting file systems Như ta đ biêt hệ thống file của UNIX ... của người sử dụng. ỹ Số trang đ in. VIII.File Systemand Disk Administration 1. Cấu trúc thư mục trên Unix ỹ / - Thư mục gốc trên UNIX file system. ỹ /bin - Là symbol link tới /usr/bin chứa ... recover bởi fsck. 2. Creating file systems Giới thiệu về UNIX- Một số thao tác cơ bản trên UNIX 77 ỹ sysv Kiểu Nhằm hỗ trợ cho dạng UNIX System V filesystem. ỹ msdos Kiểu DOS partition...
... VIVAS᭢134INOTROPES AND CIRCULATORY SUPPORT INOTROPES AND CIRCULATORY SUPPORT In which ways may the failing cardiovascular system be supported?The cardiovascular system may need support if there ... detailedobservation and intervention is required, often for a singlefailing organ system, or following major surgery᭹Level 3: ITU care for the supportand management of twoor more failing systems or ... myocardial oxygen consumption and demandINOTROPES AND CIRCULATORY SUPPORT ᭹Tricuspid stenosis: large ‘a’ wave due to obstruction at theatrio-ventricular level and slow ‘y’ descent due to slowatrial...
... 263991: http:/ /support. microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=http:/ /support. microsoft. com:80 /support/ kb/articles/Q263/9/91.ASP <http:/ /support. microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=http:/ /support. microsoft ... Each office uses a standard user account and password for all servers in that office. Network administrators in each office know the user account and password combination. Network administrators ... of the bandwidth used between the Chicago and New York offices. Bandwidth utilization between these two offices is currently cause for concern. Network traffic between the Chicago and New York...