classification of computer programming languages pdf
Tài liệu Develop computer programs for simplifying sums that involve binomial coefficients: The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms pdf
Ngày tải lên :
20/12/2013, 19:15
... proof by generating functions, another of the popular tools used by
the species Homo sapiens for the proof of identities before the computer era.
Next we’ll show what a computerized proof of ... Whitehead
1.1 Evolution of the province of human thought
One of the major themes of the past century has been the growing replacement of hu-
man thought by computer programs. Whole areas of business, scientific, ... − 1)(k − n − 1)
.
3. For each of the four parts of Problem 2 above, write out the complete proof of
the identity, using the full text of the standardized WZ proof together with the
appropriate...
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Tài liệu Unit_9: Programs and programming languages pdf
Ngày tải lên :
18/01/2014, 07:20
...
Programs and programming languages
Computers can deal with different kinds of problems if they are given the right instructions for
what to do. Instructions are first written in one of the high-level ... of the high-level languages, e.g. FORTRAN,
COBOL, ALGOL,PL/1, PASCAL or BASIC, depending on the type of problem to be solved.
A program written in one of these languages is often called a source ... high-level language
j. deals with the running of the actual computer not with
programming problems.
Summarize the information on different high-level computer languages by completing the table
below...
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Tài liệu Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming pot
Ngày tải lên :
22/02/2014, 06:20
... (including improved versions of Java).
The kernel language approach
Practical programming languages scale up to programs of millions of lines of code.
They provide a rich set of abstractions and syntax. ... programmer’s intuition and the
programming techniques built on top of it.
A wide variety of languages and programming paradigms can be modeled by
a small set of closely-related kernel languages. It follows ... semantics of a program can be given in
terms of an abstract machine.
ã The logic-based approach presents programming as a branch of mathemat-
ical logic. Logic does not speak of execution but of program...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Translation and Extension of Concepts Across Languages" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 21:20
... Extension of Concepts Across Languages
Dmitry Davidov
ICNC
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
dmitry@alice.nc.huji.ac.il
Ari Rappoport
Institute of Computer Science
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
arir@cs.huji.ac.il
Abstract
We ... the number of
words in term w. For languages like Chinese without inherent
word segmentation, length(w) is the number of characters in
w. While for many languages Lim
mwe
= 1, some languages
like ... information extracted from a set of lan-
guages. However, the majority of CLIR stud-
ies pursue different targets. One of the main
CLIR goals is the retrieval of documents based
on explicit queries,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "AUTOMATIC SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION OF VERBS FROM THEIR" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
24/03/2014, 05:21
...
since Lakoff (1965). (For a more precise seman-
tic characterization of stativÂs see Dowty, 1979.)
Classic examples of stative verbs are know,
believe,
desire, and love. A number of syntactic ... second source of noise is failure
of the learner to detect the cue accurately. The
accuracy of our automatic cue detection detection
is described in the following section.
2.5 Accuracy of Cue Detection ... distributions of true frequency
in the progressive over each of the 38 most common verbs in the corpus
stative verbs fall in the first population, to the left
of the slight discontinuity at 1.35% of...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Semantic classification of Chinese unknown words" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
31/03/2014, 03:20
... classify 65.76% of
adjectives, 71.39% of nouns and 52.84% of verbs.
Future work will explore the use of the contextual
information of the unknown words and the contex-
tual information of the lexicons ... evaluation, any one of the categories of an am-
biguous word is considered correct.
5.2 Result
On the test set, the baseline predicts 53.50% of
adjectives, 70.84% of nouns and 47.19% of verbs
correctly. ... experi-
ments, CiLin lexicons are divided into 2 sets: a
training set of 80% CiLin words, a development
set of 10% of CiLin words, and a test set of 10%
CiLin words. All words in the test set are assumed...
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Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming - Chapter 0 doc
Ngày tải lên :
14/08/2014, 10:22
... (including improved versions of Java).
The kernel language approach
Practical programming languages scale up to programs of millions of lines of code.
They provide a rich set of abstractions and syntax. ... robust distributed programming, and constraint
programming. We show how the judicious combined use of several computation
models can help solve some of the problems of these areas.
Languages mentioned
We ... semantics of a program can be given in
terms of an abstract machine.
ã The logic-based approach presents programming as a branch of mathemat-
ical logic. Logic does not speak of execution but of program...
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Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming - Chapter 1 pps
Ngày tải lên :
14/08/2014, 10:22
... typical low-cost personal computer with 64 MB of
memory can handle hundreds of thousands of digits. The skeptical reader will
ask: is this huge number really the factorial of 100? How can we tell? ... write a function to calculate the number of combinations of r items taken
from n. This is equal to the number of subsets of size r that can be made from
a set of size n. This is written
n
r
in ... things:
ã We need a mathematical model of the operations of the programming lan-
guage, defining what they should do. This model is called the semantics of
the language.
ã We need to dene what...
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Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming - Chapter 2 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
14/08/2014, 10:22
... collection)
Figure 2.18: Lifecycle of a memory block
Memory use cycle
Memory consists of a sequence of words. This sequence is divided up into blocks,
where a block consists of a sequence of one or more words ... execution
state of the running program. Low-level languages like C or C++ often leave
reclaiming to the programmer, which is a major source of program errors. There
are two kinds of program error ... Second, a set of programming techniques and design principles used to write
programs in the language of the computation model. We will sometimes
call this a programming model. A programming model...
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Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming - Chapter 3 docx
Ngày tải lên :
14/08/2014, 10:22
... the
place of
Y, “percolating up” from inside one of the subtrees. The idea is to pick
the smallest key of
T2,callitYp, and make it the root of the reorganized tree.
The remaining nodes of
T2 make ... Declarative Programming Techniques
Declarative
programming
Descriptive
Programmable
Definitional
Observational
Declarative model
Functional programming
Logic programming
Figure 3.3: A classification of ... LengthL
function:
ã Flatten of
nil is nil.
ã Flatten of
X|Xr where X is a nested list, is Z where
flatten of
X is Y,
flatten of
Xr is Yr,and
append
Y and Yr to get Z.
ã Flatten of
X|Xr where X is not...
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Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming - Chapter 4 pps
Ngày tải lên :
14/08/2014, 10:22
... different
combinations of laziness, dataflow variables, and declarative concurrency.
All of these models are practical and some of them have been used as the
basis of functional programming languages.
ã ... with state, e.g., for
concurrent object-oriented programming. Chapter 11 shows how to do distribut-
ed programming, i.e., programming a set of computers that are connected by a
network. All four ... properties
of the declarative model of Chapter 2. The concurrent model removes some but
not all of the limitations of the declarative model, as we will see in this chapter.
Scheduling
The choice of which...
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Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming - Chapter 5 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
14/08/2014, 10:22
... in
the larger context of component-based programming. Because of message-passing
concurrency we no longer have the limitations of the synchronous “lock-step”
execution of Chapter 4.
We first introduce ... operation of the hypothetical lift control system of a build-
ing, with a fixed number of lifts, a fixed number of floors between which lifts
travel, and users. Figure 5.4 gives an abstract view of what ... state)
or have internal state. The science of programming with agents is sometimes
known as multi-agent systems, often abbreviated as MAS. Many different proto-
cols of varying complexities have been devised...
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