... include transforming growth factor (TGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), cartilage derived morphogenetic proteins (CDMPs) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ... addition of such growth factors may induce blood vessel ingrowth, which could be detrimental in any treatment, because it has been reported that this is also accompanied by nerve ingrowth [16] In ... non-degenerate (grades to 3) up to the most severe level of histological degeneration (grade 12) Localisation of CDMP and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to localise the growth factors CDMP...
... RNase H domains are shown in gray, white, and black, respectively The larger b subunit of the avian sarcomaleukosis virus reverse transcriptase also contains the integrase domain depicted by cross-hatching ... adenine–thymine tracts Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 10090–10095 Mbisa JL, Nikolenko GN & Pathak VK (2005) Mutations in the RNase H primer grip domain of murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase decrease ... frequency that is insufficient to degrade the RNA into small enough fragments to render the newly synthesized DNA free of RNA [62,82] Therefore, complete degradation of the template RNA likely...
... sensitivity and DNA degradation Conditions were optimized so that minimal effects on target RNA amplification sensitivity were observed while maximizing the ability to degrade carry-over amplicon ... in a sample Results Effect of UNG concentration on DNA degradation and RTPCR amplification of RNA To assess the effect of UNG on DNA degradation and RNA detection, reactions were performed under ... detectible RNA Effect of incubation temperature and time on DNA degradation and RT-PCR amplification of RNA The effect of temperature on DNA degradation and RNA amplification in the presence of UNG was...
... sensitivity and DNA degradation Conditions were optimized so that minimal effects on target RNA amplification sensitivity were observed while maximizing the ability to degrade carry-over amplicon ... in a sample Results Effect of UNG concentration on DNA degradation and RTPCR amplification of RNA To assess the effect of UNG on DNA degradation and RNA detection, reactions were performed under ... detectible RNA Effect of incubation temperature and time on DNA degradation and RT-PCR amplification of RNA The effect of temperature on DNA degradation and RNA amplification in the presence of UNG was...
... Supplement 9:109 Lipman ML, Stevens AC and Strom TB Heightened Intragraft CTL gene expression in acutely rejecting renal allografts J Immunol 1994, 152(10):5120-5127 Zhang Y and Yunis JJ Improved ... template in a 25 µl PCR The remainder of the reactions were made up by µl PCR Buffer (Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY), 0.25 µg of each primer, mM MgC12 in each CD4 reaction and mM MgC12 for CD8 reactions, ... supervised the study and contributed to the writing of the mansccript Acknowledgements Supported by NIH Grant Number F30 MH11331 and the Keck Foundation References Piatak M Jr, Saag MS, Yang LC, dark...
... 5'-AAGCAAGTGTGTGTTCCCATCT-3'; late RT reverse, 5'-CACTTACCTGCAACCGGAGG-3'; integrated forward, 5'-GCTGCCGATTGGGATTTACAAC3'; integrated reverse, 5'-AATGTCTGATCCTCTTGGCTCTC-3' Quantification was performed ... quantification The quantification of early reverse transcription, late reverse transcription, and integrated SIV DNA copy number was modified from a previously described method [18] At 2, 3, 6, 12, ... probe was purchased through Applied Biosystems Fusion assay B-LCL were stained with ul of Oregon Green or ul of Vybrant DiD (Invitrogen) for hour Cells were washed with RPMI 1640 and allowed to...
... Acknowledgements The study was partly supported by funds from the Chinese state National Hightech R&D Program (863 Program-2007AA100606) We would like to thank Dr Huaji Chou's help to revise the paper Author ... Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China and 2Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Received: 28 January 2010 ... diagnostic method of canine distemper Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology 2004, 23:78-82 15 Demeter Z, Lakatos B, Palade EA, Kozma T, Forgách EA, et al.: Genetic diversity of Hungarian...
... Byeon CH, Gronenborn AM: Insight into the structural basis of pro- and antiapoptotic p53 modulation by ASPP proteins J Biol Chem 2009, 284:13812-13822 33 Le Grice SF, Cameron CE, Benkovic SJ: ... Enzymol 1995, 262:130-144 34 Le Grice SF, Gruninger-Leitch F: Rapid purification of homodimer and heterodimer HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by metal chelate affinity chromatography Eur J Biochem 1990, ... used in our study is derived from an LAI isolate (group M, subtype B), whereas the RT used in the Lemay et al study was derived from a BH10 isolate (group M, subtype B) There are amino acid differences...
... quadruplicate inverse PCR amplification of 3' BLV integration sites permitted to estimate both the number of circulating integrated BLV proviruses and their degree of expansion through the clonal expansion ... fluctuation of circulating leukocyte counts over time - mean leukocyte counts of the experimentally BLV-infected sheep aligned relative to the date of seroconversion -x-x-x-x- leukocyte counts of the ... experimental primary BLV infection in sheep resulted in transient hyperleukocytosis whereas no significant fluctuation of circulating leukocyte counts characterized control animals [17,18] Animals #4535,...
... type preintegration complexes (PICs): V165A and R166A are pleiotropic integrase mutants primarily defective for integration, not PIC nuclear import J Virol 2002, 76:10598-10607 Kukolj G, Jones ... wild-type and truncated HIV integrase fused with YFP Subcellular localization of the wild-type and truncated HIV integrase fused with YFP A) Schematic structure of HIV-1 integrase-YFP fusion proteins ... We are also grateful to Drs M Emerman and D Grandgenett for the HeLa-CD4-CCR5-β-Gal cells and anti-IN antiserum that were obtained through the AIDS Research Reference Reagent Program, Division...
... methoxide dissociates into alkoxide and sodium ions The latter have a role in the reaction as a protonated catalyst and the alkoxide performs a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group of the triglyceride ... compounds, but when present in great abundance, they can slough off and elevate levels of particulates discharged in the final effluent Figure Filamentous algae growing in water treatment plant ... (ii) were first disrupted in a Sorval blender, and then ground to a fine powder with a mortar and pestle in liquid nitrogen Figure is a micrograph of the algal cells showing the effects of pulverizing...
... pp 243-54 23 Gambaryan A, Tuzikov A, Pazynina G, et al (2006), “Evolution of the receptor binding phenotype of influenza A (H5) viruses”, Virology; 344:432-438 24 Greninger A (2004), The Definition ... Influenza”, Influenza, Report 2006 29 Hatta M., et al (2007), Growth of H5N1 Influenza A Viruses in the Upper Respiratory Tracts of Mice, PLoS Pathog 30 Hoa, L.T., D.D Khang, P.V Chi, N.V Hai, ... drugresistant H5N1 virus” Nature, 437(7062): p 1108 39 Lee C W., Suarez D., Tumpey T., et al (2005), “Characterization of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza A Viruses Isolated from South Korea”,...
... Volkov EM, Oretskaya TS & Muller S ¨ (2004) Chemical synthesis of an artificially branched hairpin ribozyme variant with RNA cleavage activity Tetrahedron 60, 9273–9281 29 Komatsu Y, Kanzaki I, Koizumi ... oligonucleotide S20 cp (20-mer, shown in green) which subsequently becomes ligated to the flanking substrate fragments to form the HP–TWRJ–product complex (right) Green circles indicate 5¢- and 3¢-terminal ... dissociation constants (klig and KD) were calculated from linear curve fitting using plots of kobs against kobs ⁄ [E], where [E] ¼ ribozyme concentration (Eaddie–Hofstee plot) The margin of error...
... simplify the comparison graph We drop all graph components that are not connected (when viewing the graph as undirected) to the desired object Now we refine the graph Note that each graph node may have ... algorithm below we treat all node groups connected by bidirectional (equality) edges as a same-value group, i.e., if a value is assigned to one node in the group, the same value is immediately ... comparison information The third group, Pcompare , consists of comparison patterns They allow to compare objects directly even when no attribute values are mentioned This group includes attribute equality...
... Encyclopedia (in our case Wikipedia) The relevant background relation graph is also represented as a touchable graph in the same way as a topic graph The major difference is that the edges are actually ... topic graph Figure 2: The topic graph computed from the snippets for the query “Justin Bieber” The user can double touch on a node to display the associated snippets and web pages Since a topic graph ... preferred touching the graph instead of reformulating their queries The presentation of background facts in i–MILREX was highly appreciated However some users complained that the topic graph became confusing...
... [CAT #4, AGR agr & [CASE #1, NUM #2, GEN #3 ]] The choice of TDL has a couple of advantages TFSs as such provide a rich descriptive language over linguistic structures and allow for a finegrained ... (Przepiórkowski and Wolinski, 2003) for Polish For Asian languages, we integrated Chasen (Asahara and Matsumoto, 2000) for Japanese and Shanxi (Liu, 2000) for Chinese The XTDL-based grammar engineering ... Description Language for Constraint-Based Grammars Proceedings of COLING, 893-899, 1994 H.-U Krieger and J Piskorski Speed-up methods for complex annotated finite state grammars DFKI Report, 2003 K Liu...
... 1,000 times as fast as the morpheme extraction program, using the simple binary search algorithm It runs approximately 100 times as fast as a program using the digital search algorithm, which has ... Japan, 19(_7~ 72-81 Knuth, D E (1973) Sorting and Searching, The Art of Computer Programming, Vol.3 Addlson-Wesley Koskenniemi, K (1983) "Two-level Model for Morphological Analysis", Proe 8th International ... second When input is one stream of text, it runs 100-1,000 times faster than morpheme extraction programs on personal computers It can treat multiple text streams, which are composed of character...
... follow even larger groups Experimental studies typically use smaller groups In addition, prospective trials can be organized in several ways Observational studies track the group over time Interventional ... treatment (placebo) They become the control group If a study has a control group, it’s called a controlled trial Then the researchers track what happens to both groups over time and look for differences ... recruit demographically similar people who have not; these are the controls They survey both groups’ diet and lifestyle, analyze how they differ, and see if any differences can explain the two groups’...
... or grilled meat and poultry dishes Greek roasted chicken is legendary, as are Greek lamb kabobs and pork souvlaki There are likely to be excellent vegetable dishes available as well—Greek green ... dish of kosher pickles to nosh on instead Yum Greek My favorite! Try ordering all the insides of a gyros sandwich served on top of a Greek salad instead of in a pita Terrific! Stuffed grape leaves ... Chips Pretzels Popcorn Rice All grains Pasta, noodles, macaroni, spaghetti Potatoes and sweet potatoes Cereal Cornmeal Grits Anything made with flour—even whole-grain flour This is not an exhaustive...