... understand the relationships among the polymorphs. Heats
of solution ofthe various polymorphs need to be measured, in
order to prove the relative order of stabilities for these solid
forms. At the ... a wavelength of 1.540600 Å. The X-ray data was collected
using an MBraun curved PSD with a chamber depth of 1 cm.
The focal radius ofthe system was 57 mm, and the 5 cm length
of the PSD subtended ... samples
which were isolated. These results are summarized in
Table 4. In many cases the mixture of polymorphs can be
accounted for by the addition ofthe DSC results of the
component pure polymorphs....
... whether these cytokines are
produced by CD4
+
CD25
+
Foxp3
+
T
reg
or whether
they induce the production of these cytokines from
another population of cells [20].
To date, our knowledge about the ... are
important in the generation ofthe correct class of
antibodies by B-cells, and for the elimination of
extracellular pathogens, such as helminths and other
extracellular parasites [2]. Th17 is the most ... zffoxp3-R2 for
foxp3. These primers amplified part ofthe initial predicted
sequence which contained the majority ofthe open reading
frames of zebrafish stat6, t-bet and foxp3 to check they were
correct....
... between the two
steps ofthe TES reaction
The substrate guanosine to be excised (G
1
) and its
2¢-OH group are required for the second step of
TES [48], similar to (if not the same as) the role of
the ... that there is room for improve-
ment in terms ofthe rate of reaction. This would be
beneficial not so much in terms ofthe rate ofthe over-
all reaction, as the cleavage reaction is not the limiting
step ... of
the xG in the second step of self-splicing [48–56].
This suggests that the guanosine to be excised is
likely binding to the GBS ofthe ribozyme for the
exon-ligation step of TES. In the substrate-cleavage
step,...
... analyses ofthe predicted
amino acid sequence showed that the C-terminal half
of the RepA ofthe pIT3 plasmid is sequence-similar to
the helicases ofthe phage-encoded superfamily III pro-
teins. The ... probably comparable
with the two-metal-ion mechanism of both RNA and
DNA synthesis [17].
In a previous study, we reported the findings of an
analysis ofthe complete sequence ofthe cryptic plas-
mid ... subunit of archaeal primases and the active
site ofthe X family of polymerases [23]. Indeed, unlike
the pRN1 prim–pol protein whose motif is DXE D,
the Rep245 protein, the X family of DNA polymerases
and...
... ofthe first 88
amino acids of PPI1 may participate in the interaction
with the H
+
-ATPase and makes PPI1
588
His
6
a suitable
tool to study the mechanism of action of PPI1.
The analysis ofthe ... 14-3-3s.
Results
The C-terminus of isoform 1 ofthe PM H
+
-ATPase
of A. thaliana (AHA1) interacts with the first 88 amino
acids of PPI1 [22], indicating that the PM H
+
-ATPase
binding site of PPI1 is ... Thus,
all the following experiments were performed with
PPI1
588
His
6
.
The analysis ofthe effect of PPI1
588
His
6
on the
dependence of PM H
+
-ATPase activity on the concen-
tration of MgATP...
... min, the absorbance of
the supernatant was read at 363 nm. The absorbance of
the reduced form of APAD (APADH) was linear over the
2–100 l
M
range of glutamate with a molar extinction
coefficient of ... complement the defect. The
relationship of all of these genes remains to be clarified.
Expression and purification of Sno1p and Snz1p
In light ofthe similarity in the amino acid sequence of
Sno1p ... together in the
stationary phase of yeast cells [8] and the result of two-
hybrid analysis [23], they may form a complex. To assess
these possibilities, we embarked on a characterization of
the...
... required
for the protonation ofthe amine groups of samples. The
number of equivalents of acid groups was calculated using
the formula: [NH
3
+
](mequiÆkg
)1
) ¼ 1000 · molarity
(moles/L) · volume of titrant ... (mL)/mass of sample (g)
and the level of deacetylation was calculated by comparison
between the number of free amino groups (per unit weight
of the sample) and the equivalent weight of GlcN [23].
Circular ... 200 mg KBr
and 40 mg ofthe mixture was pelletized. The reproducibility
of the spectra was verified on two preparations and the
degree of acetylation (DA) was determined using the formula
(A
1655
Æcm
)1
/A
3450
Æcm
)1
)...
... for
which the novel pattern is located in the third loop.
The reason for the similarity and location of these pat-
terns could be a result of short evolutionary time
rather than gain of new features ... suggest-
ing that the origin of these forms dates back to before
the occurrence of vertebrates, i.e. more than 500 mya.
This dates the differentiation ofthe MAPEG forms
back to the late Cambrian ... hydrophobic seg-
ment. All ofthe remaining patterns are located at the
end of first loop (Fig. 6). Both the first and third loop
are located on the cytosolic side ofthe membrane and
are regions...
... PHO (abc) protomer. The hypothesis of a
direct PHI–phenol interaction is quite unlikely, because of
the fact that the addition of phenol does not alter the
emission spectrum of PHI. Moreover, PHI ... equilibrium. As shown in the inset,
the progressive decrease ofthe molecular ellipticity at
k ¼ 200 nm (the absorption region ofthe peptide bond)
reflects the occurrence of a transition between ... 1. The 18 kDa protein
present in the elution pattern was identified as the PHI
component on the basis of its ability to complement the
Fig. 1. SDS/PAGE of PHI at different steps of purification. The
numbers...
... CCAAT box at 324 bp upstream of
the major transcription start site. The presence of a CCAAT
box and the absence of a TATA box seem to be one of the
characteristics ofthe mouse integrin a3 gene.
We ... We
previously reported the structures ofthe mouse a3integrin
subunit gene including the exon/intron organization and the
alternative exon usage for the generation of variants of the
a3 subunits (a3A ... upstream ofthe SacI) sites (Fig. 1).
Sequence analysis ofthe 5¢-flanking region and
determination of transcription start sites of mouse
integrin a3 subunit gene
The nucleotide sequence ofthe 0.5...
... different
flavonoids. The addition of a flavone (apigenin), of a
flavanonol (taxifolin) and of a flavan-3-ol (epicatechin)
(Fig. 8) did not alter the EPR spectra ofthe enzyme
indicating the absence of binding to the ... definition of some ofthe catalytic steps. Binding of
the various flavonols to the active site metal centre is found
not to require the presence of dioxygen and occurs without
formal reduction ofthe ... perturbation ofthe axial symmetry
of the tensor, whereas axial symmetry, i.e. g
xx
% g
yy
<< g
zz
is typically found for type 2 sites. The grouping of the
g-values and the line-shape ofthe spectrum...
... For
comparison, the amount of GroEL was determined in the
same extracts using anti-GroEL Ig. It has been previously
shown that at the beginning ofthe stationary phase the rate
of synthesis of heat-shock ... respectively. In order to
estimate the ratio between the amounts of UP12 and the
total amount of protein in the extracts, a series of samples
containing determined amounts ofthe purified UP12 were
separated ... the deletion ofthe UP12 encoding gene increased
the sensitivity ofthe mutant to CCCP (Fig. 6), it did not have
any detectable effects on the sensitivity to mitomycin C,
unlike in the case of...
... components ofthe open
set
P = {det(α) > 0} of hermitian forms of positive determinant (the other
components, of course, are the sets of forms of signature (p, q), p + q = n, with
q even).
One ofthe ... wish to investigate the behaviour ofthe K¨ahler cones
K
t
of the various
fibres X
t
= π
−1
(t), as t runs over S. Because ofthe assumption of local
triviality of π, the topology of X
t
is locally ... on the subbundle t → H
p,q
(X
t
, C).
The main result of this section is the proof of Theorem 0.8, asserting that
there is a countable union of analytic subsets S
=
S
ν
S outside which the
K¨ahler...
... inactivation
of the enzyme. Thus, the results obtained in the pres-
ent study extend our knowledge ofthe nitrogenase
post-translational modification system outside of the
a-class to other members ofthe ... under these
conditions. The strong effect of TFA on the arginine-
specific ADP-ribosylation might be caused by the
high degree of acidity of this acid with its pK
a
value
of 0.26 compared to the other ... one of
the most abundant enzymes in the biosphere [1,2]. It
consists ofthe Fe-protein (dinitrogenase reductase,
also referred to as NifH), an a
2
dimer ofthe nifH gene
product and ofthe MoFe-protein...
... solution ofthe HPLC-purified compound, and then
incubating for 20 min at 50 °C. The product was then par-
titioned against petroleum ether ⁄ diethyl ether 1 : 4 (v ⁄ v).
The identification ofthe oxime ... preference of OsCCD1 for the
C5¢–C6¢ and C7¢–C8¢ double bonds depends on the
nature ofthe substrate.
The cleavage of a sole double bond in the cyclic moi-
ety of 3-OH-c-carotene and of monocyclic b-apocarote-
nals ... The
occurrence ofthe C
17
dialdehyde confirmed the novel
site at the C7¢–C8¢ double bond observed with apoly-
copenals and implied the formation of geranial.
Accordingly, the GC-MS analyses of...