... of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General, Atlanta, GA: HHS, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smokingand Health, 2004 20 HHS, Women and Smoking: ... “Cigarette Smokingand Pregnancy I: Ovarian, Uterine and Placental Effects,” Placenta 20(4):265272, May 1999; Ness, RB, et al., “Cocaine and Tobacco Use and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion,” New England ... Pregnancy, and the Fetus,” Journal of the Royal Society of Health 114(4):198-201, August 1994; Fredricsson, B & Gilljam, H, Smokingand Reproduction: Short and Long Term Effects and Benefits of Smoking...
... indicated a strong positive association of smoking, SE positivity and GSTM1 null genotype with RA [25] Smoking, seropositivity and disease activity Smokingand seropositivity A Finnish population ... but not seronegative RA [49] Smoking intensity and RA Many attempts have been made to clarify how smoking history (duration of smoking in years or the intensity of smoking per day) influences ... association between smokingand anti-CCP in the NARAC and the Inception Cohort, but not in the SONORA Only the NARAC cohort supports evidence for the interaction of smokingand shared epitope...
... Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and Queensland Cancer Fund, respectively Shahram Sadeghi and Nirmala Pandeya are supported by PhD scholarships from the Ministry of Health and Medical ... gastro-oesophageal reflux and oesophageal adenocarcinoma33 and has been implicated in suppressing appetite and body weight34 and thus might potentially confound the association between BMI and oesophageal ... the oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction associated with measures of obesity, and their interactions with age, sex, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms andsmoking Design and setting: Population-based...
... Tromsø-study Women and current smokers responded less than ex -smoking men did, giving in the end a sample of smokingand ex -smoking women, andsmokingand 10 ex -smoking men 39 Methods paper and The methods ... 13-15, and are more likely to smoke if there is a family member and a friend who smokes (71) Smokingandsmoking behaviour seems to bear a meaning People achieve group membership and status, and ... COPD andsmoking to understand the disease and the importance of smoking cessation advices • To contribute to the discussion about the criteria for diagnosing COPD, by describing lung function and...
... examined and interviewed by physicians and research nurses Information concerning education and socio-economic group was obtained by questionnaire, which was sent out beforehand Data on smoking ... lower rank and foremen were combined into the “middle socio-economic group”; • Groups and = Skilled and unskilled workers were identified as belonging to the “low socio-economic group” Smoking habits ... linear regression model including VC, FEV1 and PEF and individual heights The other “standard” confounding factors for lung function measurements, gender and age, were not controlled for as the...
... pollution and high levels of irritation and odor from secondhand smoke Competing interests JN Hyde and D Brugge declare they have no competing interests JL Repace is a secondhand smoke consultant, and ... and background aerosol in a series of controlled experiments using Marlboro cigarettes and found to be accurate to within experimental error against both a piezobalance and pump and filter, and ... the same floor at the same hotel SHS odor and irritation Odor and irritation thresholds have implications for smoking policy development Weber and Grandjean [25] report that nearly three-fourths...
... thoroughly and place them in a qt saucepan Add cold water to a level of to inches above the beans and soak 12 to 18 hours Drain and discard water Combine beans with 5-1/2 cups of fresh water and teaspoons ... to a boil Reduce heat and simmer 30 minutes Drain and discard water Brown ground beef, chopped onions, Chili Con Carne and peppers (if desired), in a skillet Drain off fat and add teaspoons salt, ... Scrub shells thoroughly and rinse, steam minutes, and open Remove clam meat Collect and save clam juice Wash clam meat in water containing teaspoon of salt per quart Rinse and cover clam meat with...
... the issue of smoking to women and girls Educate pregnant women and women and girls of reproductive age specifically on the health hazards of smokingand second hand smoke to fetuses and newborns ... address the influences and determinants of girls and women smoking Place women and tobacco use on the agendas of women’s NGOs, especially women’s health NGOs Develop and Expand anti -smoking networks ... biggest killers and they are often smoking related And again, men and women are at very similar risk Gender-Specific Diseases andSmoking I'm now going to concentrate on diseases in which smoking may...
... fertilization rates and embryo quality were similar in smokers and non-smokers, implantation and pregnancy rates were adversely affected by both active and passive smoking when compared to non -smoking controls ... Delayed conception and active and passive smoking The Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood Study Team Fertil Steril 2000, 74:725-733 Kukla L, Hruba D, Tyrlik M: Smokingand damages of ... Pryor JE: Smoking, nicotine and tar and risk of small for gestational age babies Acta Paediatr 2002, 91:323-328 Dejmek J, Solansk y I, Podrazilova K, Sram RJ: The exposure of nonsmoking and smoking...
... Mean, standard deviation, and maximum and minimum nicotine values measured in different indoor environments with smoking occupancy 3-23 Mean, standard deviation, and maximum ... Recent Studies on Passive Smokingand Adult Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function 7.9.2 Summary and Discussion on Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function in ... B-13 and B-16 and corrected elements B-13 Notation for distribution of reported female lung cancer cases and controls by husband's smoking...
... students' demographic characteristics, such as gender and age, smoking status and knowledge about smokingand the effectiveness of several smoking cessation methods Smokers were distinguished ... of different cessation methods and smoking- related morbidity and mortality, a person's experience andsmoking status may have an influence on the counseling of smoking patients In our sample, ... Freour P, Belougne D, Crofton J: Smoking habits and attitudes of medical students towards smokingand antismoking campaigns in nine Asian countries The Tobacco and Health Committee of the International...
... age and past smoking (P = 0.01) but not with current smoking (P = 0.13) Among men there were no statistically significant interactions between age and current smoking (P = 0.12) and age and past ... Current smoking 751 1083 0.7 (0.4–1.0) Past smoking 504 851 0.9 (0.6–1.3) Current smoking 452 1083 0.6 (0.3–1.0) Past smoking 365 851 0.8 (0.6–1.3) Current smoking 299 1083 0.84 (0.5–1.5) Past smoking ... we statistically tested and confirmed the interaction between smokingand sex, thereby providing evidence in support of a biologic interaction between smokingand RA R160 Smoking is known to be...
... papillomavirus, smoking, and sexual practices in the etiology of anal cancer Cancer 2004, 101:270-280 Daling JR, Sherman KJ, Hislop TG, Maden C, Mandelson MT, Beckmann AM, Weiss NS: Cigarette smokingand ... non-smokers and 34 current smokers Eight patients among the non-smokers had stopped smoking more than year before therapy One patient in the smoking group was HIV positive Three non-smokers and six ... to smoking status actuarial local control related to smoking status 70 Browman et al studied this effect in patients receiving radio(chemo)therapy for head and neck cancer They found that smoking...
... pack-year smoking, breast-feeding, menstrual irregularity, and age at menarche, menopausal status and postmenopausal hormone use cRF-positive RA cases and all controls dRF-negative RA cases and all ... were asked to recall past smokingand were classified as ever or never smokers Using the detailed prospective data regarding smoking amount and duration available for NHS and NHSII participants, ... between PTPN22 and heavy cigarette smoking suggests that the smoking/ citrullination/T-cell recognition and activation pathway in RA pathogenesis may be influenced by both PTPN22 and HLASE The...
... CI: -0.4 to 8.1) In ANCOVA with gender andsmoking as factors and age, DAS28, HAQ score, and disease duration as covariates, smoking was a significant and independent predictor for BMI (F2,387 ... inception and development of protocol and in the review of the manuscript and served as PhD program supervisor MK provided advice on protocol development and body composition assessments and participated ... muscle wasting, such as smoking, is important The aim of this cross-sectional study was to detect potential associations between smokingand body weight, body composition, and rheumatoid cachexia...
... Sollentuna, Sweden) were used All animals were kept under standard environmental conditions and had free access to standard laboratory food and drinking water Ethical permission was obtained from ... follows: = mild; = moderate; and = severe [25] Destruction of cartilage and subchondral bone was registered separately Knee joints, ankles, elbows, and wrists were inspected, and a mean score from all ... arthritis [18] and play a pivotal role in the development of edema and synovitis [35] We suggest that nicotine present in cigarette smoke might bind to glutamate receptors (NMDA and mGlu) and limit...
... association between smokingand lung function amongst HIV-positive subjects The secondary objective was to examine the association between smokingand respiratory symptoms and diseases amongst ... Research and Therapy 2010, 7:6 http://www.aidsrestherapy.com/content/7/1/6 Page of 10 Table Demographic and baseline information by gender andsmoking status (n = 119) Gender Male (n = 94) Smoking ... 0.05 by smoking status ## p < 0.01 by smoking status ### p < 0.001 by smoking status Pack-year of smoking was calculated by multiplying the number of packs of cigarette smoked per day and the...