bulk and nano scale ferroelectrics
Conductive polymer metal composites preparation methods on bulk and nano scales
... semiconductors, and other materials on a nanoscopic scale (Martin, 1994; 1996; Hulteen and Martin, 1997; Cepak and Martin, 1999) Wu and Bein have used this method to prepare conductive polymer nanofibrils ... structure and properties of conductive polymer nano- systems The organization of materials on the nanoscale is an important objective of chemists and materials scientists Materials with nanoscopic ... (Penner and Martin, 1986; Cai and Martin, 1989; Cai et al., 1991; Martin and Parthasarathy, 1993; Van Dyke and Martin, 1990; Liang and Martin, 1990; Foss et al., 1992; Martin, 1991; Brumlik and Martin,...
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Tài liệu Colchero, J. et al. “Friction on an Atomic Scale”Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P6 Handbook of Micro/Nanotribology. Ed. Bharat ppt
... knowledge A better understanding of friction and wear could save an enormous amount of energy and money, which would be positive for economy and ecology On the other hand, friction is not only ... typical length of 12 mm and diameters of 0.25 and 0.5 mm, they obtained force constants of 150 and 2500 N/m, respectively, which is considerably high for SFM and SFFM standards As a consequence, ... observed on the macroscopic scale (Bailey and CourtneyPratt, 1954) This observation shows that the LB film acts as a lubricant on a nanoscopic scale At loads between and 10 nN, only small changes...
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Experimental realization and theoretical studies of novel all optical devices based on nano scale waveguides
... set at 1350nm and 1450nm For MLME-FDTD simulation, we are allowed to define the band gap wavelength and effective masses of electron and holes ( and to characterize the energy band structure, ... parameters for bulk- InGaAsP-based 2-WG, 3-WG and MZI-EUPT to achieve 20Gbps switching speed and switching gain of Table 9.1: Instrument list and models LIST OF FIGURES Fig 2.1: Device structure and switching ... versus with at different and , Fig 5.2: (a) Device geometry and simulation parameters for EUPT with and the (b) input and output signal profiles Fig 5.3: (a) Device geometry and simulation parameters...
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Reliability modeling of ultra thin gate oxide and high k dielectrics for nano scale CMOS devices
... thesis to my parents, sister, Sook Fen and Gabriel and my dearest Tze Chieg Without their emotional support, care and concerns, and continuous support and love, I would not have the privilege ... measurement of Fig 6.8, showing both source and well current component before and after bulk BD and IL BD It can be observed that at the first onset of Bulk BD (shown by shaded symbols), Jw List ... limit - nano dimensions, introduces changes, which were previously unimaginable Nanoscience engineering provides new knowledge and capability to design and build materials at atomic scale Yet...
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Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P4
... Press LLC whole range of length scales, thus forming a link between nanometer -scale phenomena and macroscopically observable friction and wear The key is in the size and spatial distributions, which ... major and minor axes lx and ly and curvatures kx and ky as shown in Figure 4.26 The values of lx and ly can be found from Figure 4.25 by taking the intersection of a horizontal line with the Vx and ... hills and valleys and appear rough The finger is essentially a sensor that measures surface roughness at a lateral length scale of about cm (typical diameter of a finger) and a vertical scale of...
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Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P8
... molecules Bhushan et al (1995b,c) conducted micro- and macroscale friction and wear studies on single-grafted and double-grafted octodecyl (C18) and LB films and their subsurfaces C18 films were produced ... held by the lubricant and it becomes sticky, which moves inside the wear track and does damage, Figure 8.10 8.3.2 LB and Self-Assembled Monolayers Organized and dense molecular -scale layers of, preferably, ... (C18) and docosyl (C22) grafted film on silica Schematic of the zinc arachidate LB film on ODT with a gold underlayer TABLE 8.1 Typical rms Roughness and Coefficients of Microscale and Macroscale...
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Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P14
... and Adhesion Nanoscale Friction • Microscale Friction and Adhesion 14.5 Scratching and Wear Nanoscale Wear • Microscale Scratching • Microscale Wear 14.6 Indentation Picoscale Indentation • Nanoscale ... in elastic and plastic deformation modes, and the load–area relationships 14.4 Friction and Adhesion 14.4.1 Nanoscale Friction Ruan and Bhushan (1994b) measured friction on the nanoscale using ... curves is and remains constant as the disks touch and continue to push the AFM tip The disks are not indented 14.6.2 Nanoscale Indentation Nanoscale mechanical properties of magnetic media and single-crystal...
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Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P16
... Results and Discussion Micro/Nanotribological Studies of Virgin, Coated, and Treated Silicon Samples • Micro/Nanotribological Studies of Doped and Undoped Polysilicon Films, SiC Films, and Their ... tribology of bulk silicon and polysilicon films used in microdevices (Bhushan and Venkatesan, 1993a,b; Gupta et al., 1993; Venkatesan and Bhushan, 1993, 1994; Gupta and Bhushan, 1994; Bhushan and Koinkar, ... presents a review of macro- and micro/nanotribological studies of single-crystal silicon and polysilicon, oxidized and implanted silicon, doped and undoped polysilicon films and SiC films A summary...
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Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P5
... medium (ε1 = ε2 and n1 = n2 ), A is positive (attractive), whereas if ε3 and n3 are intermediate to ε1, n1 and ε2, n2, A is negative (repulsive) If ε3 and n3 equal the permittivity and index of ... mechanics explain nanometer -scale tribological processes, and how well they agree with atomistic simulations? • Can we develop fundamental understanding of friction, lubrication, and wear? The interpretation ... 5 Surface Forces and Adhesion Nancy A Burnham and Andrzej J Kulik 5.1 Introduction Goals and Motivations • Surfaces Forces vs Adhesion • Previous Knowledge...
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Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P9 pptx
... diameters (Snook and van Megan, 1979, 1980, 1981; van Megan and Snook, 1979, 1981; Kjellander and Marcelja, 1985a,b; Tarazona and Vincente, 1985; Henderson and Lozada-Cassou, 1986; Evans and Parry, ... monolayers and bilayers (Israelachvili, 1987, 1991; Christenson, 1988a; Israelachvili and McGuiggan, 1988), and metal and metal oxide layers deposited on mica (Coakley and Tabor, 1978; Parker and Christenson, ... AFM (McClelland, 1989; McClelland and Cohen, 1990) In addition, molecular dynamics computer simulations (Schoen et al., 1989; Landman et al., 1990; Thompson and Robbins, 1990; Robbins and Thompson,...
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Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P10 pptx
... 1997; Bhushan and Gupta, 1995; Gupta and Bhushan, 1995a, b; Patton and Bhushan, 1996; Bhushan and Li, 1997; Li and Bhushan, 1998b, c), residual stresses (Swain et al., 1977; Marshall and Lawn, 1979; ... Oliver et al (1986), Oliver and Pethica (1989), Pharr and Oliver (1992), and Oliver and Pharr (1992) This instrument is called the Nanoindenter The most recent model is Nanoindenter II (Anonymous, ... the AE signal and the load–displacement curves can be observed (Also see Wu et al., 1990b and Wu, 1991.) 10.2.3.6 Nanoscratch and Tangential Force Measurements Several micro- and nanoscratch testers...
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Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P1 ppt
... Micro- and nanotribological techniques are ideal for studying the friction and wear processes of micro- and nanostructures Although micro/nanotribological studies are critical to study micro- and nanostructures, ... Friction and wear on micro- and nanoscales have been found to be generally small compared to that at macroscales Therefore, micro/nanotribological studies may identify regimes for ultralow friction and ... topographic measurements on micro- to nanoscale (Bhushan and Blackman, 1991; Oden et al., 1992; Ganti and Bhushan, 1995; Poon and Bhushan, 1995; Koinkar and Bhushan, 1997a; Bhushan et al., 1997c)...
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Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P2 ppt
... of width 12 between 310 and 356, a triangle of period 40 between 356 and 396, a triangle of period 20 between 400 and 420, a triangle of period 12 between 430 and 442, and, finally, delta pulses ... and RIN is the relative intensity noise of the laser PR and PS are the power in the reference and sample beam in the heterodyne interferometer P is the power in the Nomarsky interferometer, and ... difference between the reference and the probe beam in the Nomarsk y interferometer B is the bandwidth and e the electron charge λ is the wavelength of the laser and k the stiffness of the cantilever,...
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Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P3 pptx
... comprehensive understanding of tribology at the nanoscale It is hoped that the demonstrations in this chapter and in this volume indicate that there is the possibility of gaining rational understanding leading ... Adhesion of Platinum and Gold to Tungsten and Iridium,” NASA TN D-6492, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C Brainard, W A and Buckley, D H (1973) “Adhesion and Friction of ... contraction and expansion diminishing as the bulk is approached is found in most metals It can be understood in a simple manner (Bozzolo et al., 1994) The energy for the bulk metal is a minimum at the bulk...
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Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P7 pptx
... of ceramics on nanoscales is found to be higher than that on the microscale Ceramics exhibit significant plasticity and creep on the nanoscale Scratching and indentation on nanoscales are the ... Israelachvili, J.N., and Landman, U (1995d), “Nanotribology: Friction, Wear and Lubrication at the Atomic Scale, ” Nature 374, 607–616 Bhushan, B and Koinkar, V.N (1995e), “Microscale Mechanical and Tribological ... microscratching/microwear, nanofabrication/nanomachining, and nano/ picoindentation using AFM and related instrumentation 7.2 Experimental Techniques 7.2.1 AFM for Microscratching/Microwear and Nanoindentation...
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Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P11 docx
... pore widths and liquid temperatures are 1.0 nm and 297 K in (a), 1.6 nm and 297 K in (b), 1.25 nm and 297 K in (c), 1.25 nm and 250 K in (d), 1.8 nm and 297 K in (e), and 1.8 nm and 250 K in ... microscale © 1999 by CRC Press LLC (and soon nanoscale) machines continues to challenge our understanding of friction and wear at their most fundamental levels Our knowledge of friction and related ... the work of Tomlinson (1929) and Frenkel and Kontorova (1938), through to recent studies by McClelland and Glosli (1992), Sokoloff (1984, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1996), and others (Helman et al., 1994;...
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Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P12 doc
... mechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus and breaking strength, and higher Tg and lower thermal expansion coefficient than PET and is used for several video and data processing tapes In the fabrication ... reducing the separation between the head and medium A physical contact between the medium and the head occurs during starting and stopping operation and a load-carrying air film is developed at ... magnet, (2) antiferromagnetic film, and (3) vertical and double layer, are shown in Figure 12.28a, b, and c The hard magnets are located on both sides of the MR element and the hard magnet thin film...
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Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P13 ppt
... mechanisms are discussed by Maboudian and Howe (1997) 13.3 MEMS Structures and Systems Both surface and bulk micromachining have been employed to make devices and systems having very surprising ... that consist of multiple hinged plates which Updated, expanded, and revised version of article first published in Micro/Nanotribology and Its Applications (B Bhushan, ed.), NATO ASI Series, Kluwer ... both surface and bulk, has been exploited Work at the Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center (BSAC) at UC Berkeley and at UCLA has concentrated on surface micromachining with polysilicon and has developed...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo " Climate change adaptation from small and medium scale hydropower plants: A case study for Lao Cai province " doc
... for fossil fuel The estimated demand in Lao Cai Province in 2010 and 2015 are 663.5 GWh and 1,357 GWh, respectively, the peak demand for the same years are 146 MW and 271 MW, respectively Assuming ... hydrological conditions is larger, and it is estimated at 7.7% for 2030 and 12.1% for 2050 for Scenario B1, 6.3% for 2030 and 10.1% for 2050 for Scenario B2, and 6.2% for 2030 and 13.5% for 2050 for Scenario ... duty not to encroach and discriminate local customs, tradition and habits; (10) Organize seminars on new policies and regulations to help workers and local people understanding this context,...
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Tài liệu Experiences of Plantation and Large-Scale Farming in 20th Century Africa pdf
... profit to buy land from a landlord In contrast to the Irish and French sharecropping cases of Young and McCulloch, Thornton cited examples from Switzerland, the Netherlands and parts of Scandinavia ... and LSF labour is discussed explicitly and at length by Kritzinger and Vorster (1997); Ewert and Hamman (1996); Rutherford (2001a); du Toit and Ally (2003); Barrientos and Kritzinger (2004) and ... property to SSFs, not only in Ireland and India but also mainland Britain, in Africa the ICS doctrine was mainly used to contain demands to further expand PF/LSF where land tenure systems were contested,...
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Tìm thêm: khảo sát các chuẩn giảng dạy tiếng nhật từ góc độ lí thuyết và thực tiễn khảo sát chương trình đào tạo của các đơn vị đào tạo tại nhật bản khảo sát chương trình đào tạo gắn với các giáo trình cụ thể tiến hành xây dựng chương trình đào tạo dành cho đối tượng không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam điều tra với đối tượng sinh viên học tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ1 khảo sát thực tế giảng dạy tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam khảo sát các chương trình đào tạo theo những bộ giáo trình tiêu biểu xác định mức độ đáp ứng về văn hoá và chuyên môn trong ct phát huy những thành tựu công nghệ mới nhất được áp dụng vào công tác dạy và học ngoại ngữ mở máy động cơ lồng sóc đặc tuyến hiệu suất h fi p2 đặc tuyến mômen quay m fi p2 đặc tuyến tốc độ rôto n fi p2 đặc tuyến dòng điện stato i1 fi p2 động cơ điện không đồng bộ một pha sự cần thiết phải đầu tư xây dựng nhà máy thông tin liên lạc và các dịch vụ phần 3 giới thiệu nguyên liệu từ bảng 3 1 ta thấy ngoài hai thành phần chủ yếu và chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất là tinh bột và cacbonhydrat trong hạt gạo tẻ còn chứa đường cellulose hemicellulose chỉ tiêu chất lượng theo chất lượng phẩm chất sản phẩm khô từ gạo của bộ y tế năm 2008