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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 1 ppt

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... requirement is related to the capability of wind units to work within a power factor range between 0.95 leading and Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration ... Thiringer, 2008) and it is well known that reactive power capability of DFIG is limited by: • stator current (heating of stator coils), • rotor current (heating of rotor coils), and • rotor voltage ... related to voltage variation and harmonic distortion in the network However, the incorporation of wind energy in power networks could affect the quality of the supplied voltage to the customers To...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 2 potx

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... related to reverse power flow, harmonics and voltage/reactive power control At the same time, System Operator requires behaviour of wind generators similar to the conventional plant, and thus ... supplies and price of oil On the other hand the growing need for energy consumption cannot be stopped or even limited as it is directly related to the rate of development and the standard of ... to I.Z and its centre located at the end of the E vector which is on the real axis Since α and β are constants, then the load power factor is also constant The locus for a constant power factor...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 3 pot

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... usual to install capacitor banks that, automatically adjust the power factor at the turbine output to values close to one When changes in power are important, the control system of the capacitor ... for frequencies similar to those establishes: 0.725% to 0.92 Hz, 0.64% to 1.47 Hz and 0.56% to 2.27 Hz The difference is due, as mentioned above, to the fact that this standard considers rectangular ... (typically 690 V) to the value of the MV grid To estimate the total voltage distortion of a wind farm due to slow voltage variations, the effects of all generators may be taken into account on the...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 4 potx

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... characteristics like: semiconductor layers, conductors made up with crown of strands or the fill between conductors Due to the impossibility to fill in directly the data of the cable to the PSCAD software, ... Near to the center of the conductor there are more lines of magnetic force than near the rim This causes an increment in the inductance toward the center and the current tends to crowd toward ... the voltage difference from the conductor to ground, which provokes the storage of electric charge in the conductor Finally, there is a leakage current to ground The dielectric is a material...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 5 pptx

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... sum of the stator and rotor reactances, Xc is the reactance of the capacitor bank, Xm is the magnetizing reactance, and R is the sum of the stator an rotor resistances Both active and reactive ... (penalty/bonus) to wind producers An interesting schema for the wind energy management can be a coupling of wind generators and storages Naturally, there are multiple varieties of wind generator and storage ... the rotor area in m2, and Cp is the power coefficient 100 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Fig Grid coupled wind generator 6.1 Active power To show...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 6 docx

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... storage capacity in order to better adapt to wind availability It seeks to determine the maximum and minimum storage basins at specific times The horizon of anticipation to be considered has to ... define, based on production offers and demand loads, the best compromise towards the power demand and the amount of energy to be delivered This is to minimize the total operating costs while ensuring ... sensitive to the forecast wind power repartition and to the considered time scale It is interesting for the W+S operator to compare cases in order to find out the best adapted strategy to the wind...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 7 pot

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... optimisation problem and is seem to be adapted to such problem complexity being highly flexible and fast Concerning the real time reactive management, its main role is to manage variation and intermittency ... does not provided to the network (from 26.51 €/MWh to 76.51 €/MWh) • At 10 a.m, the wind production increases from 9.26 MW to 11.26 MW At p.m, to response to the network need to reduce injected ... been proposed to detect and isolate sensor faults in wind turbine drive trains A study of fault tolerant power converter topology (Gaillard et al., 2007) and fault identification and compensation...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 8 pot

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... generator stator voltage U s to its rated value in the stator voltage reference frame The advantage of controlling the generator stator voltage U s to its rated value is that the generator and ... system is essentially a wound rotor induction generator with slip rings, with the stator directly connected to the grid and with the rotor interfaced through a back -to- back partialscale power converter ... converter and its control) The synchronous generator is connected to the grid through a full-scale frequency converter system that controls the speed of the generator and the power flow to the grid...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 9 potx

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration and the capability of modern wind farms to provide auxiliary frequency control is demonstrated Frequency definitions and protection ... systems is the standard fixed speed wind turbine based on induction generator connected to the rotor through a transmission shaft and a gearbox The Active Stall Induction Generator wind turbine ... of two opposite torques acting on the rotor during a frequency change, i.e a frequency drop: a decelerating torque, proportional to the rate of change of dω df and therefore to the frequency...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 10 pot

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... Ir: stator and rotor currents, Vs, Vr- stator and rotor terminal voltages ψs, ψr- stator and rotor flux linkages,Lm-mutual inductance (in per unit it is equal to Xm) rs, rr- Stator and Rotor resistances ... response compared to Static Var compensator (a passive thyristor switched reactor/capacitor) 234 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration 85 80 Rotor angle (Deg) ... Windfarms 3.5 Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSC) Thyristor controlled series Capacitor schemes typically use a thyristor-controlled reactor in parallel with a capacitor to vary the effective...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 11 pptx

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... rotor speed response of induction generator with TCSC/UPFC is shown in Fig 25 242 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration It can be noticed that the rotor ... UPFC damps both rotor angle oscillations of synchronous generators and rotor speed oscillations of induction generator very effectively when compared with TCSC This is due to the reactive support ... zero and variance one 250 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration This transformation is used in both the fitting and prediction processes The histograms...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 12 potx

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Energy Research and Development Authority Available online: http://www.nyserda.org/publications/wind_integration_report .pdf [2] C Lindsay Anderson, ... The wind acting on the rotor plane of a wind turbine is very complex and includes both deterministic effects (mean wind, tower shadow) and stochastic variations due to turbulence (Mihet-Popa, ... first into mechanical energy at the turbine shaft and then into electrical energy (Heier S., 1998) Fig describes the conversion of wind power (PWIND) into mechanical (PMEC) and thereafter into electrical...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 13 potx

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... by a factor of three; the lengths of lines L18 to L20, L23, L25 to L27 were increased by a factor of four; the lengths of lines L24, L28 to L30, and L32 to L37 were increased by a factor of six ... prove to be a valuable tool in predicting the system behaviour Especially in wind power applications, DIgSILENT Power Factory has become the de-facto standard tool, as all required models and simulation ... for a random number generator process used in the MA model Reference (Wangdee & Billinton, 2006) uses a trial and error process to generate appropriate random number seeds by selecting a factor...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 14 pptx

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... rotor and a rated power of 275kW and is specially designed to be used in remote locations and can sustain hurricane winds when secured to the ground The wind parameters for the wind simulator ... On and Off states, and by the corresponding rates of the MTBF and MTTR in the case of transitions to and from the Failure state, respectively The MTBF is used for both transitions from the On and ... considered Randomly driven timeouts are used to represent the transition to the failure state, which is triggered according to a rate This rate is the inverse vale of the MTBF In order to get back to...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 8 doc

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... efficiency of rotor To optimize this efficiency, the control of the aerogenerator must be made so that the rotational rotor speed adapts to the site wind speed 5.4 Use factor and availability ... Estimation and Siting Assessment 16 to 45 m and a nominal output ranging from 60 ÷ 750 kW and large wind turbines with a blade diameter from 45 to 128 m and a nominal output of the turbines from 750 to ... pitching the rotor blades into larger angles and reducing the lift force and output, the so-called “pitch“ regulation, c regulation by setting the rotor blades into smaller angles and thus reducing...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 9 doc

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... surface and topped with a one-metre-thick layer of ground The total weight of the technological part of the wind turbine (without the foundation) is 331 tons (gondola 68 t, rotor 38 t, tower 225 ... the face of the landscape A term of the face of the landscape has been introduced by Act 114/1992 Coll on the conservation of nature and landscape Therein, the face of the landscape is defined ... computer animation and making use of photographs of the existing landscape in order to assess the impacts on the face of the landscape – See Figure (Lapčík, 2009) Wind Farms and Their Impact on...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 10 pdf

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... Second, geographers and climatological researchers need to more effectively link their efforts to industry needs on trying to model, reproduce, and understand the resource of interest to utilities (e.g., ... developers and the system operator, system proﬁts and total power produced differ as well.21 Table lists total power and system proﬁt results for the individual wind developer and system operator scenarios ... regional and seasonal variability in the changes that are currently underway The wind industry has been growing exponentially over the last decade, and is projected to expand and continue to play...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 11 pdf

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... 35.4 24.4 Hub, nacelle and shaft 5.3 to 18.4 Control system elements 4.2 to 10.2 7.2 Tower 5.3 to 31.1 18.2 Site and foundation 8.4 to 26.2 17.3 Miscellaneous engineering 3.2 to 11.4 7.3 Table Estimated ... groundwater to determine possible deleterious effects of foundation structures Component Percent of Total System Cost Medium Percent Cost Rotor blades to 11.2 7.1 Gear box and generator 13.4 to 35.4 ... information on tidal ranges and river levels, velocity of tidal and river currents, and other hydrographic and meteorological data A detailed record of the soil and rock strata and groundwater conditions...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 12 doc

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... order to combine weather and wind flow models (Ozerdem et al., 2006) 2.1.2 Land topography and geology The speed and the direction of wind can be various depending on the characteristics of topography ... land cover for wind farm sitting (Tegou et al., 2010) It would be needed to clear and grade land in order to provide roads for trucks, constructions trailer or equipment storage area, access to ... data logger and meteorological mast Steel tube or lattice could be used to construct these towers and would be free standing or guyed It is required to take a special permit in order to build such...

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Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 13 pot

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 05:20

... in Karaman and there is no debate about turbine size due to large available area, long distance between wind farm and grid in Karaman and construction problems due to land topography and geology ... sensitivities to wind farms in Scotland: A tool to aid planning and conservation Biological Conservation, Vol 141, pp 2342-2356, ISSN 0006-3207 Brower, M (1992) Cool energy: Renewable solutions to environmental ... alternatives specific to factors Decision maker can determine a critical factor to give decision and select the site by considering the priority of the site based on this factor A Holistic Approach...

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