best s credit rating approach top down and bottom up

Best’s Credit Rating Methodology : Global Life and Non-Life Insurance Edition potx

Best’s Credit Rating Methodology : Global Life and Non-Life Insurance Edition potx
Ngày tải lên : 29/03/2014, 06:21
... elements of Best s ratings and the evaluation of risk management Best s Credit Rating Approach: Top- Down and Bottom- Up A.M Best assigns various types of credit ratings (FSRs, ICRs, and debt ratings) ... actuarial and loss reserve reports, investment detail and guidelines, reinsurance transactions, annual business plans and Best' s Supplemental Rating Questionnaire (if necessary) This information is used ... premiums written and deposits Commissions and expenses include payments on both direct and assumed business, general insurance expenses, insurance taxes, licenses and fees, increase in loading and...
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phương pháp truyền thống như top-down hay bottom-up trên ảnh vào là ảnh đa cấp xám có cấu trúc phức tạp

phương pháp truyền thống như top-down hay bottom-up trên ảnh vào là ảnh đa cấp xám có cấu trúc phức tạp
Ngày tải lên : 27/04/2013, 11:20
... FS1 FS5 B2: Tính FS cho Block … FS9 FS8 FSn FS3 FS7 … Thuộc vùng Nền Thuộc vùng Text Thuộc vùng Graphic FSthấp FStrung bình FSCao B3: Phân đoạn dựa vào FS Hình 28: Mô tả thuật toán FS  Cơ s ... http://www.lrc-tnu.edu.vn GVHD: PGS TS Ngô Quốc Tạo Luận văn tốt nghiệp cao học Học viên: Nguyễn Văn Huy B1 B2 B3 FS1 FS2 FS3 B4 B5 B6 FS4 FS5 FS6 B7 B8 B9 FS7 FS8 FS9 … FSn … … … … … Bn B1: Trang tài ... vùng thông tin khác nhƣ block, lines, words, figures, tables background Ta gọi vùng theo chức tài liệu gán cho nhãn logic nhƣ sentences, titles, captions, address,… Quá trình phân tích tài liệu...
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KHẢO sát, SO SÁNH nội lực và CHUYỂN vị của TƯỜNG vây KHI THI CÔNG BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP TOP DOWN và BOTTOM UP hố MÓNG sâu NHÀ CAO TẦNG

KHẢO sát, SO SÁNH nội lực và CHUYỂN vị của TƯỜNG vây KHI THI CÔNG BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP TOP DOWN và BOTTOM UP hố MÓNG sâu NHÀ CAO TẦNG
Ngày tải lên : 23/07/2016, 19:09
... công biện pháp Top- Down Buttom -Up Mô hình phần mềm Plaxis s dụng mô hình Mohr-Coulomb, mô hình khác như mô hình Hardening – Soil, mô hình Soft – Soil mô hình Soft – - Soil – Creep (SSC) chưa xét ... PGS.TS VÕ PHÁN so s nh dự đoán trước cố xảy tìm biện pháp xử lý kịp thời Do : Đề tài “KHẢO S T, SO S NH NỘI LỰC VÀ CHUYỂN VỊ CỦA - TƯỜNG VÂY KHI THI CÔNG BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP TOP- DOWN VÀ BOTTOM- UP ... Bottom – Up dùng hệ giằng cột dầm thép 2.4 SO S NH ƯU NHƯỢC ĐIỂM CỦA PHƯƠNG PHÁP THI CÔNG : So s nh ưu nhược điểm phương pháp thi công Phương pháp thi công Ưu–Nhược điểm Top – Down Bottom - Up...
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Tài liệu The Credit Rating Crisis∗Harvard University and NBER pptx

Tài liệu The Credit Rating Crisis∗Harvard University and NBER pptx
Ngày tải lên : 16/02/2014, 03:20
... mortgages) Data and Summary Statistics This section describes our data, and displays summary statistics on structured finance products 3.1 Sample Construction Our analysis uses three main data sets: ... pools a set of assets and issues securities to investors backed by the cash flows A single type of security is issued so that each investor holds a proportional claim on the underlying assets Tranched ... If investors use heuristics to classify assets, as in Barberis and Shleifer (2003), and only AAA-rated securities are perceived to be riskless, then issuers would cater to investor demand by...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Efficient probabilistic top-down and left-corner parsingt Brian Roark and Mark Johnson Cognitive and Linguistic " pptx

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Efficient probabilistic top-down and left-corner parsingt Brian Roark and Mark Johnson Cognitive and Linguistic " pptx
Ngày tải lên : 20/02/2014, 19:20
... analyses on the success heap Thus, when f~ is small, the b e a m stays relatively wide, to include as m a n y analyses as possible; but as /3 grows, the b e a m narrows We found this to be a simple ... highest probability and an e m p t y stack is returned as the parse If no such parse is found, an error is returned The specifics of the beam-search dictate how m a n y analyses on the success heap ... simple and successful compromise Of course, with a left recursive grammar, such a top- down parser may never terminate If no analysis ever makes it to the success heap, then, however one defines the...
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THE CREDIT RATING INDUSTRY - RICHARD CANTOR AND FRANK PACKER pot

THE CREDIT RATING INDUSTRY - RICHARD CANTOR AND FRANK PACKER pot
Ngày tải lên : 06/03/2014, 04:21
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Carbon credit supply potential beyond 2012: A bottom-up assessment of mitigation options docx

Carbon credit supply potential beyond 2012: A bottom-up assessment of mitigation options docx
Ngày tải lên : 22/03/2014, 20:20
... industrial sources with pure CO2 streams was assessed to be € 5/tCO2 captured and for coal and gas-fired power stations € 30 and € 40 /tCO2 respectively Transport and storage costs were also added, ... The ‘no-lose’ targets would be established through a three-step process: • Experts assess and define energy-intensity benchmarks in each sector to use as a starting point for discussions • Non-annex ... the baseline (or business as usual) scenario, and the lighter solid line shows what actually occurs within the sector The dotted lines show the emissions intensity target and the GHG emissions if...
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Dịch chapter 6 wireless and mobile networks,addison wesley computer networking, a top down approach 6th (2013)

Dịch chapter 6 wireless and mobile networks,addison wesley computer networking, a top down approach 6th (2013)
Ngày tải lên : 20/11/2015, 17:54
... mạng 3G: Serving GPRS Support Nút (SGSNs) Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSNs) (GPRS viết tắt Generalized Packet Radio Service, dịch vụ liệu di động mạng 2G; thảo luận phiên phát triển GPRS mạng 3G) ... động BSS Mạng Hình 6.15 minh họa hai kết nối BSS với máy chủ, H1, di chuyển từ BSS1 đến BSS2 Bởi Page 30 ví dụ này, thiết bị kết nối mà kết nối hai BSS router, tất trạm hai BSS, bao gồm APs, thuộc ... dụng Shem FDMA / TDMA GSM, UMTS s dụng kỹ thuật gọi CDMA (DS-WCDMA) [Dahlman 1998] TDMA slots; TDMA slots, có s n nhiều tần s -một thú vị s dụng ba phương pháp tiếp cận chia s kênh chuyên dụng...
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Tài liệu Irish Economy Note No. 10 “The U.S. and Irish Credit Crises: Their Distinctive Differences and Common Features” ppt

Tài liệu Irish Economy Note No. 10 “The U.S. and Irish Credit Crises: Their Distinctive Differences and Common Features” ppt
Ngày tải lên : 15/02/2014, 14:20
... the securitization process is that it substitutes risks that are largely diversifiable for risks that are highly systematic Downward pressure in asset values and credit quality led to a decrease ... Differences between the US and Irish Crises We begin by reviewing some key events in each of the two crises The US crisis was the first to emerge The slowdown in real estate prices and the consequent downturn ... Non‐Irish customer deposits Debt securities ‐ non‐Irish €300,000m Other liabilities €200,000m Deposits from Irish credit institutions €100,000m Irish customer deposits €0m Deposits from non‐Irish credit institutions...
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Tài liệu THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP SPREADS, BOND YIELDS, AND CREDIT RATING ANNOUNCEMENTS ppt

Tài liệu THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP SPREADS, BOND YIELDS, AND CREDIT RATING ANNOUNCEMENTS ppt
Ngày tải lên : 16/02/2014, 03:20
... events” and upgrades, reviews for upgrade, and positive outlooks as “positive events” A Spread Changes Conditional on Rating Events Our first test considered the changes in adjusted CDS spreads ... States by rating agencies such as Moody 's and Standard and Poor 's (S& P) for many years In the case of Moody 's the best rating is Aaa Bonds with this rating are considered to have almost no chance ... categories are not subdivided Ratings below Baa3 (Moody s) and BBB– (S& P) are referred to as “below investment grade” Analysts and commentators often use ratings as descriptors of the creditworthiness...
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Summary Report of Issues Identified in the Commission Staff’s Examinations of Select Credit Rating Agencies potx

Summary Report of Issues Identified in the Commission Staff’s Examinations of Select Credit Rating Agencies potx
Ngày tải lên : 06/03/2014, 08:20
... methods, as well as discussions with the ratings agencies and other studies Based on these materials, the OEA Staff observes that the process used to rate CDOs by the rating agencies examined is ... understanding the processes used by the NRSROs This type of review can also assist the Staff in its assessment of whether the processes used in developing the models, their application, any adjustments ... payments due to investors in the tranche securities (less administrative expenses of the trust, such as loan servicing fees, premiums due on derivatives contracts, and bond insurance) This excess spread...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Top-Down K-Best A∗ Parsing" pptx

Báo cáo khoa học: "Top-Down K-Best A∗ Parsing" pptx
Ngày tải lên : 07/03/2014, 22:20
... G G VP NP VP s2 s3 s4 (c) VBZ s2 s3 s0 VP NN VP DT NN s4 NP s0 s1 s2 sn-1 NN VP VP NP s1 s2 s3 (a) s4 s5 s0 s1 s2 s3 (b) s4 s5 Figure 2: (a) An outside derivation item before expansion at the ... extracting k -best lists with TKA∗ is negligible compared to the time spent building 1 -best inside edges We examined the time spent building 100 -best lists for the same experimental setup as Pauls and ... the best way of building a particular inside edge item When finding k -best lists, this is no longer possible, since we are interested in suboptimal derivations Thus, KA∗ , the k -best extension...
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REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL - On amending Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 on credit rating agencies ppt

REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL - On amending Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 on credit rating agencies ppt
Ngày tải lên : 15/03/2014, 07:20
... addressed to credit rating agencies and its staff, this rule imposes disclosure requirements to issuers of structured finance instruments All registered credit rating agencies will have the possibility ... involvement Those deficiencies and their main consequences for CRAs and supervisors are (see Section of impact assessment accompanying this proposal): • Multiplicity of supervisors involved and risks of ... activities Efficiency gains in registration and supervisors process This will reduce the burden for supervised entities, supervisors and last not least the European taxpayers 1.4.4 Indicators of results...
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CREDIT RATING AGENCIES AND THEIR POTENTIAL IMPACT ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES docx

CREDIT RATING AGENCIES AND THEIR POTENTIAL IMPACT ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES docx
Ngày tải lên : 15/03/2014, 07:20
... Basel II establishes credit risk weights for each supervisory category which rely on "external credit assessments" (see box 1) Moreover, credit ratings are also used for assessing risks in some of ... Internal Ratings-Based Approach Under the Standardised Approach (SA) the measurement of credit risk is based on external credit assessments provided by External Credit Assessment Institutions (ECAIs) ... factors Political risk addresses the sovereign 's willingness to repay debt Willingness to pay is a qualitative issue that distinguishes sovereigns from most other types of issuers Partly because creditors...
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Computer networking a top down approach

Computer networking a top down approach
Ngày tải lên : 19/03/2014, 13:33
... thousands of households connect to a single DSLAM [Dischinger 2007] The DSL standards define transmission rates of 12 Mbps downstream and 1.8 Mbps upstream [ITU 1999], and 24 Mbps downstream and ... Internet s end systems include desktop computers (e.g., desktop PCs, Macs, and Linux boxes), servers (e.g., Web and e-mail servers), and mobile computers (e.g., laptops, smartphones, and tablets) Furthermore, ... Mbps upstream [ITU 2003] Because the downstream and upstream rates are different, the access is said to be asymmetric The actual downstream and upstream transmission rates achieved may be less...
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Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach, 5th edition ppt

Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach, 5th edition ppt
Ngày tải lên : 28/03/2014, 20:20
... computes 128-bit message digest in 4-step process ❒  SHA-1 is also used ❍  US standard [NIST, FIPS PUB 180-1] ❍  160-bit message digest 45 Message Authentication Code (MAC) s = shared secret message ... function 64-bit input 8bits 8bits 8bits 8bits 8bits 8bits 8bits 8bits S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 bits bits bits bits bits bits bits bits 64-bit intermediate Loop for n rounds 8-bit to 8-bit mapping ... Popular MAC standard ❒  Addresses some subtle security flaws 1.  Concatenates secret to front of message 2.  Hashes concatenated message 3.  Concatenates the secret to front of digest 4.  Hashes the...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Rehabilitation of gait after stroke: a review towards a top-down approach." doc

Báo cáo hóa học: " Rehabilitation of gait after stroke: a review towards a top-down approach." doc
Ngày tải lên : 19/06/2014, 08:20
... process if top- down approaches are considered Besides, these new insights can eventually produce new rehabilitative strategies These approaches have been studied and compared by many researchers and, ... generating the basic locomotion pattern and on various descending pathways that can trigger, stop and steer locomotion The feedback originates from muscles and skin afferents as well as some senses ... exercise, pathologic synergies or reflex activities are not stimulated This approach starts from the trunk and the scapular and pelvic waists and then it progresses to more distal segments [1],[48]...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Health-Related Quality of Life in Parkinson disease: Correlation between Health Utilities Index III and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in U.S. male veterans" docx

báo cáo hóa học:" Health-Related Quality of Life in Parkinson disease: Correlation between Health Utilities Index III and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in U.S. male veterans" docx
Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 16:20
... http://www.hqlo.com/content/8/1/91 severity as reflected by H+Y scores, S+ E scores, and UPDRS II and III scores (Figure 1) Consistent with this, collinear variables such as individual UPDRS motor subscores of bradykinesia, ... Although Parkinson s disease is most prominently identified with physical symptoms such as tremors and akinesia, this disease has a substantial impact beyond motor impairment and physical disability ... scores and S+ E scores were independent predictors of HRQoL; UPDRS-III was no longer significantly associated with HRQoL after controlling for UPDRS-II and S+ E scores In Model 2, UPDRS axial sub-scores...
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