... the Text
Encoding Initiative (TEI).
1 Introduction
Learner corpora have been playing an increasingly
important role in both SecondLanguage Acquisition
and Foreign Language Teaching research (Granger,
2004; ... revision process by language learners.
2.1 Feedback inLanguage Learning
Receiving feedback is a crucial element in language
learning. While most agree that both the form and
content of feedback ... Technol-
ogy.
Cerstin Mahlow and Michael Piotrowski. 2008. Linguis-
tic Support for Revising and Editing. Proc. Interna-
tional Conference on Computational Linguistics and
Intelligent Text Processing.
Tomoya...
... language learners during the languagelearning process, educators and
researchers can gain insights into the metacognitive, cognitive, social, and affective
processes involved inlanguage learning. ... speaking, several studies in the field have agreed on the powerful impact
of learning strategies on the learningand teaching of foreign andsecond language.
Good choice and use of learning ... collection and analysis. Chapter three is
devoted to analyzing and discussing the data collected. Finally, in the last chapter-
26
In reviewing current issues and research inlanguage learning...
... contributing factor insecondlanguage (L2) acquisition. Motivation is defined as the
learner's orientation with regard to the goal of learning a second language. Motivation is
divided into ... Teachers
In order to make the languagelearning process a more motivating experience instructors
need to put a great deal of thought into developing programs which maintain student
interest and ... types: integrative and instrumental. Integrative motivation is
characterised by the learner's positive attitudes towards the target language group and the
desire to integrate into the target language...
... perceptual training of
sounds such as /r/ and /l/, especially in the more phonologically
challenging areas based on their L1: /r/ and /l/ in final position
for Korean participants andin initial position ... receive comprehensible input and feedback (e.g., Gass,
1997; Long, 1996; Pica, 1994) and to make modifications in their
output (Swain, 1995). Introducing gestures inlanguage learning
also improves ... pottery and involved description and gesture use.
Materials recording and editing. Two video-recording ses-
sions using the same lecture outline were scheduled, each last-
ing approximately 20 min....
... small minority that excels in wielding political power will
tend to coalesce and devote an extraordinary amount of mental
energy and other resources to establishing and maintaining a
permanent and ... from them the laws govern-
ing the valuing and pricing of the means or “goods.” As such,
economics does not inquire into the individual’s motivations in
valuing and choosing specific ends. Hence, ... thy-
mological insight into Hitler’s mind achieved by examining the
records of his actions, policies, utterances, and writings, and
those of his associates. This insight leads us to an understanding,
which...
... successful insecondlanguage learning.
The importance of motivationinsecondlanguage learning
Languagelearning is remarkably different from other kinds of learning because of its
social nature. Learning ... organized into six parts : (1) Definition of motivation, (2) The importance of
motivation insecondlanguage learning, (3) Types of motivationinsecondlanguage
learning, (4) Literature inlanguage ... confident in their use of secondlanguage
and their ability of discussing, debating, suggesting interpretation, offering opinions,
agreeing and disagreeing also become more naturally. In addition,...
... flip a coin
that has a probability P of landing “heads” and 1 Ϫ
P of landing “tails,” assigninga1tothestimulus
pattern when we obtain heads and a 0 otherwise. The
outcome of each toss is independent ... right-hand side. A is a random
design, B and C are semirandom, and D is the block design. The
performance and stimulus pattern for a periodic single-trial experi-
ment are shown in the lower left-hand ... right-hand side. A
is a random design, B and C are semirandom, and D is the block
design. The performance and stimulus pattern for a periodic single-
trial experiment are shown in the lower left-hand...
... social informa-
tion sources during word learning.
1 Introduction
From learning sounds to learning the meanings of
words, social interactions are extremely important
for children’s early language ... the
determination of reference in cross-situational word
learning. Language, Learning, and Development.
Eric A. Hardisty, Jordan Boyd-Graber, and Philip Resnik.
2010. Modeling perspective using adaptor ... Computational Linguistics.
Patricia K. Kuhl, Feng-Ming Tsao, and Huei-Mei Liu.
2003. Foreign -language experience in infancy: Effects
of short-term exposure and social interaction on pho-
netic learning. ...
... role in
language learning. Engkoo offers new methods for
the self-exploration of language based on the applied
linguistic theories of learning as discovery” and
Data-Driven Learning (DDL) introduced ... on
dictionary, machine translation or language learning,
losing out on synergy that can reduce inefficiencies
in the user experience.
This paper presents Engkoo, a system for explor-
ing andlearning language. ... largest lexicon link-
ing both Chinese and English together - at the
same time covering the most up-to-date terms
as captured by the net.
1 Introduction
Learning and using a foreign language is a...
... within
the industry. Challenges lie mainly in insufficient data and difficulties in modelling.
Some risks are viewed by banks as better covered by ensuring internal control procedures
are in ...
combined with inadequately integrating the correlation between PD and LGD in the models
and inadequately modelling LGD variability, can lead to an underestimation of economic
capital needed. In ... risk modelling is
the modelling of the dependency structure, including both linear relationships and non-linear
relationships, between obligors. Dependency modelling is an important link between...
... Theory”. In his theory, he
mentioned that rst language literacy andlearning can be a benet to L2
acquisition. Language devices and concepts learned in a rst language
make learning the secondlanguage ... re-learn, in the new language, what they already know in their native
language. Understanding a concept in the rst language requires only a
re-labelling of terms in the secondlanguageand not ... http://www.sdkrashen.com/SL_Acquisition _and_
Learning/ SL_Acquisition _and_ Learning. pdf
Schumann, J. (1998). The neurobiology of affect in language. Language
Learning, 48, Supplement 1, 527-549.
Schweers, W. Jr. (1995). First language...
... and Semantic Pro-
cessing in Parsing and
Generation
In parsing and generation, case and seman-
tic processing occurs by unification without
any procedural programming.
The initial tree structure ... of the link
word be the first argument and retain-
ing the second argument, generate2 is
called.
In the following, searching of the au-
tonomous word and handing their 2 nodes off
to generate2 are ... stack have been examined,
the SATs recorded in the temporary stack are
returned into the main stack. And then the
SAT constructed as explained in the above is
pushed into the main stack. If, later...