... assume that the erosion is the primary lesion and the redness and scale are secondary, while the correct interpretation would be that thepatient has a pruritic eczematous dermatitis with erosions ... (Table 52-4) For instance, the finding of scaling papules (present in patients with psoriasis or atopic dermatitis) places thepatient in a different diagnostic category than would hemorrhagic papules, ... important to differentiate primary from secondary skin lesions If the examiner focuses on linear erosions overlying an area of erythema and scaling, he or she may incorrectly assume that the erosion...
... incomplete rings Pruritus: A sensation that elicits the desire to scratch Pruritus is often the predominant symptom of inflammatory skin diseases (e.g., atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis); ... epidermal atrophy) Scar: A change in the skin secondary to trauma or inflammation Sites may be erythematous, hypopigmented, or hyperpigmented depending on their age or character Sites on hair-bearing ... Lichenoid: Violaceous to purple, polygonal lesions that resemble those seen in lichen planus Milia: Small, firm, white papules filled with keratin Morbilliform: Generalized, small erythematous macules...
... hospitalized patient with a generalized erythematous exanthem is more likely to have a drug eruption than is a patient with a similar rash limited tothe sun-exposed portions of the face Once the distribution ... possible to assess the distribution of the eruption accurately Thepatient should first be viewed from a distance of about 1.5–2 m (4–6 ft) so that the general character of the skin and the distribution ... SKIN DISORDER In examining the skin it is usually advisable to assess thepatient before taking an extensive history This way, the entire cutaneous surface is sure to be evaluated, and objective...
... A–D The distribution of some common dermatologic diseases and lesions Figure 52-7 Psoriasis This papulosquamous skin disease is characterized by small and large erythematous papules...
... Figure 52-9 Erythema multiforme This eruption is characterized by multiple erythematous plaques with a target or iris morphology It usually represents a hypersensitivity reaction to drugs (e.g., ... hypersensitivity reaction to drugs (e.g., sulfonylamides) or infections (e.g., HSV) (Courtesy of the Yale Resident's Slide Collection; with permission.) Figure 52-10 ...
... pressed against the surface of the skin and rotated with downward pressure until it penetrates tothe subcutaneous tissue The circular biopsy is then lifted with forceps, and the bottom is cut with ... History of allergies Presence of photosensitivity Review of systems Family history (particularly relevant for patients with melanoma, atopy, psoriasis, or acne) 10 Social, sexual, or travel history ... of the slide accelerates dissolution of keratin When the preparation is viewed under the microscope, the refractile hyphae will be seen more easily when the light intensity is reduced and the...
... is designed to document sensitivity to a specific antigen In this procedure, a battery of suspected allergens is applied tothepatient' s back under occlusive dressings and allowed to remain in ... helpful in the evaluation of patients with chronic dermatitis FURTHER READINGS Dermatology Lexicon Project: www.futurehealth.rochester.edu/dlp2/ James WD et al: Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: ... allowed to remain in contact with the skin for 48 h The dressings are removed, and the area is examined for evidence of delayed hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., erythema, edema, or papulovesicles)...
... diseases occur because the specialized cells fail to perform their assigned task Cancer takes this malfunction one step further Not only is there a failure of the cancer cell to maintain its specialized ... same as the prognosis of the person with aortic stenosis who develops the first symptoms of congestive heart failure (median survival, ~8 months) However, thepatient with heart disease ... of cancer cells is that thepatient feels betrayed by his or her body The cancer patient feels that he or she, and not just a body part, is diseased The Magnitude of the Problem No nationwide...
... The past medical history may alert the physician tothe presence of underlying diseases that may affect the choice of therapy or the side effects of treatment The social history may reveal occupational ... predisposition and point out the need to begin surveillance or other preventive therapy for unaffected siblings of thepatientThe review of systems may suggest early symptoms of metastatic disease ... 77-3 Patient Management Important information is obtained from every portion of the routine history and physical examination The duration of symptoms may reveal the chronicity of disease The past...
... Against Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) The TNM classification is an anatomically based system that categorizes the tumor on the basis of the size of the primary tumor ... other prognostic factors have been identified (Chaps 104, 105, and 106) In addition to tumor burden, a second major determinant of treatment outcome is the physiologic reserve of thepatient Patients ... of the organ of origin to regional but not distant sites, or as metastatic to distant sites The most widely used system of staging is the TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) system codified by the...
... also has much to offer thepatient for whom curative therapy is no longer an option Often a combination of guilt and frustration over the inability to cure thepatient and the pressure of a busy ... 81) Tools are now available to minimize the acute toxicity of cancer treatment New symptoms developing in the course of cancer treatment should always be assumed to be reversible until proven otherwise ... crucial to achieving optimal results Sometimes the chemotherapy and radiation therapy need to be delivered sequentially, and other times concurrently Surgical procedures may precede or follow other...
... cured of cancer return to normal lives Supportive Care In many ways, the success of cancer therapy depends on the success of the supportive care Failure to control the symptoms of cancer and its ... nonjudgmental, so that patients are more likely to discuss with the physician what they are actually doing The appearance of unexpected toxicity may be an indication that a supplemental therapy is being ... biopsied If disease persists, the multidisciplinary team discusses a new salvage treatment plan If thepatient has been rendered disease-free by the original treatment, thepatient is followed regularly...
... signals in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla, the cerebral cortex, and peripherally in the intestinal tract lead to stimulation of the vomiting center in the medulla, the motor center ... on which to indicate the severity of the pain The clinical condition is often dynamic, making it necessary to reassess thepatient frequently Pain therapy should not be withheld while the cause ... caused by chemotherapy (Chap 81) Its severity can be predicted from the drugs used to treat the cancer Three forms of emesis are recognized on the basis of their timing with regard tothe noxious...
... infused into the chest tube in 50 mL of 5% dextrose in water; the tube is clamped; thepatient is rotated on four sides, spending 15 in each position; and, after 1– h, the tube is again attached to ... another 24 h The tube is then disconnected from suction and allowed to drain by gravity If
... difficult for the physician as well as for thepatient and family The critical features of the interaction are to reassure thepatient and family that everything that can be done to provide comfort ... hope Of course, patients not all progress through all the stages or proceed through them in the same order or at the same rate Nevertheless, developing an understanding of how thepatient has been ... affected by the diagnosis and is coping with it is an important goal of patient management It is best to speak frankly with thepatient and the family regarding the likely course of disease These discussions...
... Follow-up The Connection to Health System provides ongoing monitoring and prompts follow-up by both thepatient and the practitioner The self-monitoring component allows thepatientto track their ... portal to enter initial patient contact information into the Connection to Health database The system then sends an e-mail or letter tothepatient with an embedded link tothe secure, Health Insurance ... Connection to Health action plan module stores patient action plans and provides ongoing access tothe plans by the healthcare team and thepatient for self-monitoring and follow-up Alternatively, the...
... CHECK Stop the activity and choose a random pair Ask them to repeat the activity Do the same with two other pairs If the students know the teacher is going to check after the activity, they will ... a topic of interest tothe students The teacher can get students to propose a topic Example: The effects of the new mall (TIẾNG ANH 8, Unit 7, READ) The teacher asks students to discuss the topic ... to apply the communicative approach to their teaching The rest still reveal their limitations in language knowledge and are not used to applying the communicative approach to their teaching They...
... FOREIGN LANGUAGES POST GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT TRẦN QUỐC VIỆT A STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT TOTHE TEACHING OF ORAL SKILLS IN LIGHT OF COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING ... THỦ THUẬT NÂNG CAO VIỆC DẠY KỸ NĂNG NGHE NÓI TIẾNG ANH THEO ĐƯỜNG HƯỚNG GIAO TIẾP CHO GIÁO VIÊN TRUNG HỌC CƠ SỞ TẠI TỈNH QUẢNG NGÃI) M.A.THESIS HA NOI-2007 ...