... assisted in the design ofthe study and in the drafting ofthe manuscript SL assisted in the conducting of interviews, analysis ofthe data andthe drafting ofthe manuscript DMB prepared the analysis ... collected information regarding inhaled and pump delivered insulin and thereby forming the basis forthe TRIM-Diabetes/ Device development project Information regarding the methodology forthe collection ... some ofthe a priori defined hypotheses forthe validation had to be altered to fit the new measurement model These new hypotheses were formulated after finalizing the factor structure and BEFORE...
... assisted in the design ofthe study and in the drafting ofthe manuscript SL assisted in the conducting of interviews, analysis ofthe data andthe drafting ofthe manuscript DMB prepared the analysis ... collected information regarding inhaled and pump delivered insulin and thereby forming the basis forthe TRIM-Diabetes/ Device development project Information regarding the methodology forthe collection ... some ofthe a priori defined hypotheses forthe validation had to be altered to fit the new measurement model These new hypotheses were formulated after finalizing the factor structure and BEFORE...
... impacts of sector policy change, impacts of changes in service provision, impacts of transport modes other than roads, impacts of energy sources other than electricity, impacts of transport and ... care and education and enhances the contact and communication ofthe poor with the outside world However, the team found that the positive impacts of transport and energy investments on the poor ... rather the use ofthe services, as measured by expenditures The impacts ofthe private port at Mundra in Kuchchh were different from the impacts of road and electricity improvements Although these...
... impacts of sector policy change, impacts of changes in service provision, impacts of transport modes other than roads, impacts of energy sources other than electricity, impacts of transport and ... care and education and enhances the contact and communication ofthe poor with the outside world However, the team found that the positive impacts of transport and energy investments on the poor ... rather the use ofthe services, as measured by expenditures The impacts ofthe private port at Mundra in Kuchchh were different from the impacts of road and electricity improvements Although these...
... transport and/ or energy services, as well as the targeting of such services to the poor AssessingtheImpactof Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction Improvements at the margin of ... concerning the impacts of transport and energy infrastructure investments on poverty reduction in developing countries This information formed the basis for a knowledge gap analysis andthe formulation ... needed to further explore the results ofthe country studies and to further develop the policy and operational implications ofthe research This work was completed by April 2004 and is reflected...
... Barve, and Chokshi 2002) looked at the role of transport in the lives and livelihoods of six women employed in the informal sector More than half the respondents estimated that they spent between and ... privatization and regulatory reform, and expanded access and targeted subsidies forthe poor Energy Needs ofthe Poor Poor people, like others, are rational consumers who will naturally seek to maximize their ... energy expenditures and aspirations forthe future, the tool kit helps assess the affordability of different options for different members ofthe community Alternative scenarios then support community-based...
... systems and scale urban works having optimal impact on the employincreasing the operational and end-user efficiency of enment and incomes ofthe poor, and through the promotion ergy and water ... due to changes in both demand and supply of labor; the level and sources of wage and nonwage income; consumption and market surplus; use of transport; demand for institutional services, ... AssessingtheImpactof Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction Box 3.3 Road Improvements for Poverty Reduction in the Peoples Republic of China The rural Road Improvement for...
... change, the impacts of changes in service provision, the impacts of transport modes other than roads, the impacts of energy sources other than electricity, and the impacts of transport and energy ... the PRC The results of this study are reported in the Thailand country study (Chapter 6) Crosscutting Themes The central theme ofthe proposed research program is theimpactof transport and energy ... therefore, forthe field research to identify the potential environmental impacts of projects, direct and indirect, and evaluate whether the poor bear a disproportionate share of such costs The...
... services, andthe value of transportand energy-related household assets as input variables Case studies then looked more closely at the impacts of road and railway construction, the impacts of bus and ... BC to the Tang dynasty, Shaanxi was the center of political activity in China The northern upland part ofthe province is on the loess plateau, where the climate and soils are unfavorable for agriculture.11 ... represented 30% ofthe sample However, these were not always the same households About 30% ofthe nonpoor by an income standard were poor by the asset-based standard, and about 30% ofthe nonpoor...
... 100 AssessingtheImpactof Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction Residents help the Thailand study team to map some ofthe features of their village to and use of transport and ... favor of either the poor or the nonpoor However, it is a general fact that both roads and electricity were often provided to the better-off households in the villages before the rest ofthe villagers ... national debates over the merits of additional infrastructure investment The aim ofthe study was to inform this debate by providing data from the point of view ofthe poor themselves The study examined...
... 40% ofthe poor households and 57% ofthe nonpoor households were farmers, while 39% ofthe poor households and 24% ofthe nonpoor households were agricultural wage laborers, and 17% ofthe poor ... capturing the benefits ofthe change in national A comparison ofthe prices reported for different crops policy as well as part ofthe benefits ofthe road improvement and livestock products in the ... completion ofthe road The number of public health centers near the sample villages andthe number of State-level data represent averages for both peak and lean seasons and are provisional These numbers...
... measures ofthe depth of poverty (average distance ofthe per capita income of poor households from the poverty line), the severity of poverty (squared poverty gap), and a measure of inequality (the ... important to the poor The research hypotheses selected by the three study teams also investigated the impacts of transport and energy interventions on these aspects of well-being, for both poor and nonpoor ... electrification had the overriding effect of increasing it Urban Transport On the basis ofthe literature review in Part I, the study formulated a more limited set of hypotheses about the impacts of urban...
... can be developed for measuring the poverty reduction impacts of transport and energy projects On the other hand, the overall approach of examining the poverty impacts of transport and energy interventions ... infrastructure The study also shows that the quality and reliability of transport and energy services is just as important as the availability of infrastructure, forthe poor as well as the nonpoor, and ... quality, and examination ofthe supporting framework of policies and programs, are therefore important starting points in the formulation of pro-poor road projects The case study of new railways development...
... however, AssessingtheImpactof Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction that the private sector will raise prices beyond reach ofthe poor, and insist on the need for continuing ... on the ers more responsive to the needs ofthe poor poor, even if they are not direct users of these services For example, reduced transport costs can lower the cost of goods in local markets and ... least two ofthe country case studies (the Peoples Republic of China [PRC] and Thailand) demonstrate their importance In the case of Thailand, long-distance travel patterns reveal the role played...
... heavily than other fuels The result is both to reduce the use ofthe taxed fuel and to raise the price ofthe alternative indigenous fuel to levels AssessingtheImpactof Transport and Energy Infrastructure ... the effects of transport improvements on the livelihoods ofthe poor depend on both the broader structural and institutional context andthe other assets available to the poor Therefore, projects ... adequate account ofthe needs and requirements ofthe rural poor The transport needs ofthe rural poor are largely forthe movement of small loads over relatively short distances Much of this is on-farm...
... probable – changes to the processes and relationships within and between, the TGA, the PBAC (and its subcommittees) andthe PBPA We will also investigate theimpactofthe AUSFTA on the normative order ... and theoretical options for collecting and analysing qualitative and quantitative data from a range of primary and secondary sources Our plan on the quantitative side ofthe Project, is forthe ... system materially and normatively responds to the changes required by the AUSFTA We plan to observe theimpactofthe AUSFTA on key impact points ofthe regulation and governance of Australia's...
... local examples of benefits realization, there has so far been only limited evaluation ofthe experience of implementation andoftheimpactof Agenda for Change The results ofthe case study ... contracts of employment Table gives the key features ofthe new system Agenda for Change introduced two new pay spines: one for nurses and other health professionals; and one for other directly ... assess the national situation through analysis of national level data and information on costs and impact; and thirdly to assess the relevance and effectiveness of any systematic evaluation of impact...
... ladder and similarly the set of all suffixes forms the SRM ladder or suffix ladder ofthe peptide The prefix and suffix ladder forms the “full ladder” ofthe peptide Since each position (1, n) in the peptide ... from the unmodified version the solvent and thus are tightly packed together in the interior ofthe protein These residues also form what is known as the core ofthe protein Amino acids are further ... ion-type Theoretical Spectrum The theoretical spectrum is the spectrum of all possible true peaks for a given peptide ρ The set of true peaks for each prefix fragment ρk in the prefix ladder of ρ is the...
... morning and shopped in Rome The senses of each element are denoted by a ¯ barred letter, i.e., p denotes the preposition sense, h ¯ denotes the sense ofthe head word, and o the sense ¯ ofthe object ... tuned the hyper-parameters of our Dirichlet priors for accuracy via a grid search over the model forthe preposition against For both models, we set the concentration parameter αtrans to 0.001, and ... β, which controls how close the approximation is to the true L0 norm.2 We perform a grid search to tune the hyper-parameters ofthe smoothed L0 prior for accuracy on the preposition against, since...