area wetted perimeter and hydraulic radius of partially filled circular pipe
Báo cáo lâm nghiệp:"Water relations and hydraulic characteristics of three woody species co-occurring in the same habitat" pptx
... changes in hydraulic resistance of plants and their adaptation to the environment, in the present study we report daily and seasonal measurements of water relation parameters as well as of root and ... between the end of May and July corresponding to the rhythm of stem growth reported by Barnett [2] and Evert [7] Previous studies by some of us had provided evidence that loss of hydraulic conductance ... view, hydraulic measurements can significantly implement measurements of classic water relation parameters like YL, RWC and others and provide a more extensive understanding of their short-term and...
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Báo cáo vật lý: "Comparison of the Effects of Organoclay Loading on the Curing and Mechanical Properties of Organoclay-Filled Epoxidised Natural Rubber Nanocomposites and Organoclay-Filled Natural Rubber Nanocomposites" pot
... curves of ENR/organoclay nanocomposites filled with 2, and 10 phr of organoclay loading, whereas Figure 12 shows the TG curves of NR/organoclay nanocomposites filled with 2, and 10 phr of organoclay ... effect of organoclay loading on cure time of NR and ENR nanocomposites Comparing ENR 50 against SMR L, the scorch time and cure time of the organoclay -filled ENR 50 were much lower than those of ... rate of 2° min–1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Cure Characteristics Figures and and Table show the results for the scorch time, t2, and cure time, t90, for both organoclay -filled NR nanocomposites and...
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Fracture and failure assessment of fatigue cracked circular hollow section x joints
... cell and load derived from linear strain gauge with the assumption of elastic bending of the brace 166 Figure 5.12: Brace fatigue crack profile on the left brace of J1-1F and final crack profile ... illustration of fatigue crack profile in XN1 189 Figure 5.47: Load-displacement behaviour of XN1 192 Figure 5.48: (a) the amount of crack extension and the crack-front profile before and ... ix LIST OF FIGURES xi LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS xx Chapter Introduction 1.1 Background and motivations 1.2 Objectives and scopes of research...
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Hydraulic modeling of open channel flows over an arbitrary 3-d surface and its applications in amenity hydraulic engineering
... model of open channel flows over an arbitrary 3D surface and its applications to analysis of water surface profile Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE (accepted on May 12, 2006) Anh T N and ... θ q s -axis z Radius of curvature at P = κ x Centre of curvature of the bed profile at P Figure 2.3 Definition sketch by Sivakumaran et al (1983) 14 and the velocity components and pressure are ... 4.6 An example of computed water surface profile with quasi-normal depth line and critical depth line…………………… 45 Figure 4.7 The effect of circulation on water surface profile and discharge at...
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Tài liệu an analySiS of euro area Sovereign CDS anD their relation With government bonds docx
... 2010 in the euro area, when investors started large scale sell-offs of a variety of risky assets The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the euro area sovereign CDS ... instances of unchanged prices 2.3 The concept of the ‘basis’ between CDS and bonds In general, both sovereign CDS and government bonds offer investors exposure to the risk and return of sovereign ... Netherlands and Austria is quite substantial and is approximately - 0.2; for France and Belgium it is smaller, namely - 0.005 For Italy, Ireland, Spain, Portugal and Greece is not significant and...
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WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 518 / SEPTEMBER 2005: TERM STRUCTURE AND THE SLUGGISHNESS OF RETAIL BANK INTEREST RATES IN EURO AREA COUNTRIES docx
... Cottarelli and Kourelis, 1994, and Borio and Fritz 1995) Recent cross-country studies by Donnay and Degryse (2001), Toolsema et al (2001) Heinemann and Schüller (2002) and Sander and Kleimeier (2002 and ... Boot and A.V Thakor, 1999, Megamergers and expanded scope: theories of bank size and activity diversity, Journal of Banking and Finance, 23(2), 195-214 Mojon, B., 2000, Financial structure and ... Schüller (2002) LT2) 100 Kleimeier and ST 25 Sander (2002) LT 74 Sander and ST -18 Kleimeier (2002) LT 22 Angeloni and ST Ehrmann (2003) LT Hofmann (2003) ST LT Sander and ST Kleimeier (2004) LT Long-term...
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Báo cáo " Pattern and determinant agents of the debris and mud flash flood in Lay Nua Commune area, the Former Muong Lay District, Dien Bien Province " docx
... making here a big trapezium ‐ shaped meander (Fig. 1 and 2): on the one hand because of high level of tectonic fissuration, on the other hand owing to the presence of the erodible shales and silty sandstone ... Fig. 3. Location of the debris and mud flash flood in the area of Lay Nua Commune. 4. Pattern and determinant agents of the debris and mud flash flood in the Lay Nua Commune area 4.1. The determinant agents ... households were lost totally, 15 enterprises and offices were destroyed, 113 ha of rice field were damaged heavily, 243 ha of arable soil buried under cover of 40cm of mud and debris, 5 major bridges and 15 irrigation works were destroyed; ...
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WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 518 / SEPTEMBER 2005: TERM STRUCTURE AND THE SLUGGISHNESS OF RETAIL BANK INTEREST RATES IN EURO AREA COUNTRIES pptx
... Cottarelli and Kourelis, 1994, and Borio and Fritz 1995) Recent cross-country studies by Donnay and Degryse (2001), Toolsema et al (2001) Heinemann and Schüller (2002) and Sander and Kleimeier (2002 and ... Boot and A.V Thakor, 1999, Megamergers and expanded scope: theories of bank size and activity diversity, Journal of Banking and Finance, 23(2), 195-214 Mojon, B., 2000, Financial structure and ... Schüller (2002) LT2) 100 Kleimeier and ST 25 Sander (2002) LT 74 Sander and ST -18 Kleimeier (2002) LT 22 Angeloni and ST Ehrmann (2003) LT Hofmann (2003) ST LT Sander and ST Kleimeier (2004) LT Long-term...
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Designation: C 183 – 97 - Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement1 pps
... Fig It shall be between 1.5 and 1.8 m (5 and ft) long and approximately 35 mm (13⁄8 in.) in outside diameter and consist of two polished Kinds and Size of Samples and by Whom Taken 5.1 A cement ... number of tests at the normal rate) for that requirement, and if on completion of the NOTE 5—Examples of the calculation of r, d, and quality history and ¯ control charts are shown in Table and ... number of days after sampling: Significance and Use 4.1 The sampling procedures described are intended for use in the procurement of samples of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and...
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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "rowth and health state of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the ridge area of the Jizerské hory Mts" docx
... ameliorated) The tests of the potential support to the vitality of the fir plantations by means of ameliorating measures were a part of the experiment A part of the plantings was standard without soil ... Ca, 4.8% Mg, 0.8% K, and 0.1% P, and its particle-size structure was as follows: 42% of particles smaller than 0.05 mm, 53% of particles 0.50–0.25 mm in diameter, and 5% of particles larger than ... from the end of May to the end of June, and new shoots were often damaged mainly by June frost episodes Besides the flushing stage, the extent of damage expressed by the number of the damaged...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Hydraulic conductance of root and shoot measured with the transient and dynamic modes of the high-pressure flowmete" ppsx
... dissection of hydraulic properties along roots and thus helps in spatial modelling of water uptake [4] The HPFM is rapid and easy to use in laboratory as well as in field experiments and it can ... behaviour of roots, it was concluded that the transient mode of the HPFM was the best solution to measure kr In this paper, we present data of hydraulic conductance of root systems, shoots and stems ... conductance of the shoot was measured with the dynamic mode Leaves were then removed and the same procedure was applied to the defoliated stem The hydraulic conductance of shoot and stem (ksh and kst...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Hydraulic architecture of trees: main concepts and results" pdf
... to double the cross area of flux, i.e to associate two pipe units, doubling then the resistance of the pathway: Pipe model and hydraulic architecture The pipe model theory of plant form” [102, ... relationship of the hydraulic conductance of the xylem in various parts of a tree and the amount of leaves it must supply” [125]; – “h.a governs frictional resistance and flow capacity of plant organs” ... onset of ring development The reduction of PCL value α, will only be possible by the formation of new vessels and will be a function of the increase of the xylem surface An+1 and K(wn+1) (Kw of...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) branches show acclimation of xylem anatomy and hydraulic properties to increased light after thinning" pdf
... in the stand to access the crowns During winter 1998–1999, the stand was thinned; almost 25% of the basal area was removed Trees were growing in a closed stand There were three types of branches: ... S.F., Effects of light regime on the growth, leaf morphology and water relation of seedlings of two species of tropical trees, Œcologia 58 (1983) 314–319 [11] Fisher J.B., Sun and shade effect ... experimental unit and sample size was for xylem anatomy and water relations, 11 for hydraulic properties and 16 for branch morphology The experimental layout was a completely randomised design...
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Báo cáo toán học: "Root and shoot hydraulic conductance of seven Quercus specie" doc
... measurements of the hydraulic conductance of whole root systems of Quercus species [12, 13] Even less data have been reported from parallel measurements of root and shoot hydraulic conductances of different ... suber, Q pubescens and Q cerris because root surface area approximately equalled leaf surface area K of Q petraea and Q robur were 46 RR and 50 % of K respectively, because the A of both R , RL species ... The of hydraulic resistance conductance) was elastic expansion of some components of the instrument such as tubing and connections [26] Therefore, additional measurements of the relation of F...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Daily and seasonal variation of stem radius in oak" pot
... respiration of maintenance (mg - ) -1 ·h -2 ·dm CO stem radius p S s S - crown at stand S = ) (dm 10 000 m unit of stand area of part stand occupied by the tree ) tree S part of stand area occupied ... forest and meadow ecosystems of floodplain and hilly regions and pure spruce forests, in: The Study of the Water Cycle and the Soil Moisture Dynamic in Forest and Meadow Ecosystems of Floodplain and ... variation of the stem radius and other measured physiological and environmental variables Two versions of the model were applied: one for seasonal growth and another for diurnal variation of stem radius...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Influence of the ectomycorrhizas formed by Tuber melanosporum Vitt. on hydraulic conductance and water relations of Quercus ilex L. seedlings" ppsx
... standard error of the mean (n = 113 and 54 for gL measurements of NI- and I-seedlings, respectively; n = 18 and 26 for Pn measurements of NI- and I-seedlings, respectively) 20 I-seedlings and ... stems (see below) and simultaneously measuring the corresponding flow (F) This procedure allows quite rapid measurements of F and P (of the order of seconds) and calculation of hydraulic conductance ... abandoned areas of central Italy because of the high commercial value of truffle produced in northern and central Italy The field plantations are usually made with seedlings, two years of age and...
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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Intra- and interannual variations of transpiration, leaf area index and radial growth of a sessile oak stand (Quercus petraea)" doc
... of leaf area per unit ground area) was often found to be a powerful parameter for the analysis of stand structure A high LAI is an indication of high site fertility and optimal stand health and ... analysis of the growth and health of forest stands needs a good description of crown condition and an accurate estimate of drought-induced stress on both a daily and annual basis Leaf area index ... percent of the basal area (28% of the sapwood area) was removed, leaving a plot with a basal area -1 ·ha of 17.6 m and tree density of 077 -1 trees·ha The unthinned part (control) had -1 24.6 m and...
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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Cavitation in trees and the stems hydraulic sufficiency of woody" doc
... ferent E, and field extremes in leaf water potential, yr, 2) quantify the hydraulic architecture of branches by measuring the hydraulic conductance of stems versus the diameter of a tree and relate ... brief review of the conclusions of the steady-state model and the data used will aid in the understanding of the more advanced model presented here Overview of the steady-state model Hydraulic ... relationship of hydraulic conductance of the xylem in various parts of a tree and the amount of leaves it must supply This is quantified by the leaf specific conductance (LSC) defined as the hydraulic...
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splice and development length of high relative rib area reinforcing bars in tension
... rib area S.2.1—The relative rib area Rr is defined in 2.0 and R2.0 of the provisional standard The value of Rr should be specified by the purchaser S.2.2—For bars that meet the requirements of ... 3.0—Scope 3.1—Evaluation of splice and development lengths of coated and uncoated reinforcing bars in tension having a high relative rib area, provided that: 3.1.1 The relative rib area is at least 0.10, ... R2.0—This standard is provided to help designers take advantage of high relative rib area on the tension splice and development length of reinforcing bars It includes an expression for development and...
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