... instance of task τ
i
;
r
i,j
denotes the release timeof the jth instance of task τ
i
;
G.C. Buttazzo,
, Real- Time Systems Series 24,
DOI 10.1007/978- - -0 - _ ,
Hard Real- Time Computing Systems: ... queue. Operating systems
that handle different types of tasks may have more than one ready queue.
G.C. Buttazzo,
, Real- Time Systems Series 24,
DOI 10.1007/978- - -0 - _ ,
Hard Real- Time Computing ... the result of 20 years of research and teaching activity in the field of
real- time systems. The majority of the material presented in this book is based on
class notes for an operating systems course...
... of 136
ì
82 pixels, the system needs 11310 clocks, for a total timeof 136
à
s.
This result shows that the proposed design, and its hardware implementation, of an eye
state recognition system ... including number of Slices, number of
Slice Flip Flops, number of 4 input LUTs, and number of block RAM, are shown in
data of this minimum or maximum, d
i–4
, is obtained from R4 of the register ... processing of closed eyes. In total,
the accuracy of the proposed system to detect the state of eyes reaches 89.3%.
For further test of the proposed algorithm, we captured 70 images of the eyes...
... suited to real- time systems.
General-purpose operating systems like Windows NT and So-
laris 2.x also provide real- time threads, though they lack cer-
tain features required for hard real- time systems ... dimensions of
real- time ORB endsystem design including real- time schedul-
ing [5], real- time request demultiplexing [6], real- time I/O
subsystem integration [7], and real- time concurrency and con-
nection ... very
compelling for real- time systems.
In this paper, we describe the design and performance of a
real- time Event Service, which is a key CORBA-based archi-
tecture for push-driven real- time event systems....
... (Roche). A final reaction
volume of 20 àl containing 0.5 àl of cDNA, 2 àl of SYBR
green Mastermix, 2.8 àl of 25 mM MgCl
2
(3.5 mM), 1 àl
of each primer (0.6 àM) and 12.7 àl of PCR grade water.
The reaction ... volume of 50 àl.
The reaction contained 4 àl of cDNA from the RT reaction,
5 àl of 10ì PCR Buffer, 1.5 mM MgCl
2
, 1 àl of 10 mM
each of dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP per reaction, 1 àM
each of primers ... Preiksaitis JK, Monroe SS: Evaluation and
validation of real- time reverse transcription-pcr assay using
the LightCycler system for detection and quantitation of
norovirus. J Clin Microbiol 2004, 42(10):4679-4685.
11....
... 1 of 5
(page number not for citation purposes)
Virology Journal
Open Access
Methodology
Determination of suitable housekeeping genes for normalisation of
quantitative realtime PCR analysis of ... experiments.
Background
Quantitative real- time PCR (QPCR) is an invaluable tool
for the measurement of target nucleic acid sequences in
clinical diagnostics and research. The technique is capable
of the relative ... integrity, the efficiency of the reverse tran-
scription of RNA to cDNA and the amount of sample
loaded. References for normalising sample and run varia-
tion include the use of total nucleic acid...
... (C
T
)
BioMed Central
Page 1 of 12
(page number not for citation purposes)
Virology Journal
Open Access
Methodology
Development of a real- time QPCR assay for the detection of RV2
lineage-specific ... http://www.virologyj.com/content/2/1/2
Page 2 of 12
(page number not for citation purposes)
Background
Members of the Rhadinovirus genus of the gammaherpes-
viruses are lymphotrophic and are associated with a vari-
ety of lymphoproliferative ... construction of a RRV-GFP recombinant
virus and development of assays to assess viral replication.
Virology 2003, 312(1):122-134.
20. Rose TM, Schultz ER, Henikoff JG, Pietrokovski S, McCallum CM,
Henikoff...
... volume of 50 àl.
The reaction contained 4 àl of cDNA from the RT reaction,
5 àl of 10ì PCR Buffer, 1.5 mM MgCl
2
, 1 àl of 10 mM
each of dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP per reaction, 1 àM
each of primers ... quantification of human NoV by Real- Time
RT-PCR
56 samples were taken from two outbreaks of NoV in two
Irish hospitals in 2005 and 2006. These samples were
applied to the GII NoV real- time assay ... step of 84°C for 10 s to melt primer dimers.
For the creation of standard curves, 2 àl containing dilu-
tions of 10
7
to 10
1
molecules of GI/2 plasmid or 5 ì 10
7
to
5 ì 10
1
molecules of...
... 1 of 5
(page number not for citation purposes)
Virology Journal
Open Access
Methodology
Determination of suitable housekeeping genes for normalisation of
quantitative realtime PCR analysis of ... experiments.
Background
Quantitative real- time PCR (QPCR) is an invaluable tool
for the measurement of target nucleic acid sequences in
clinical diagnostics and research. The technique is capable
of the relative ... integrity, the efficiency of the reverse tran-
scription of RNA to cDNA and the amount of sample
loaded. References for normalising sample and run varia-
tion include the use of total nucleic acid...
... Region
BioMed Central
Page 1 of 12
(page number not for citation purposes)
Virology Journal
Open Access
Methodology
Development of a real- time QPCR assay for the detection of RV2
lineage-specific ... sequence, and highlight the similarity of
the primer sequences within the RV2 lineage of rhadinoviruses and the dissimilarity with members of the RV1 lineage of
rhadinoviruses.
Table 1: PCR primers
Primer
1
Gene ... Contribution
Design and conception of the study (AGB, TMR); develop-
ment of the methods for amplification of the ORF59/60
regions (AGB, TMR); Development of the QPCR assays
and quantitative...
... Quality of service. An efficient use of the system re-
sources is a must in embedded systems. Feedback-
based approaches are being used to adjust the per for-
mance or quality of service of the applications ... of application fields is
placing enormous demands on the facilities that an embed-
ded operatingsystem must provide.
Embedded systems can be defined as computing systems
with tightly coupled hardware ... large variety ofapplications where embed-
ded systems play an important role, from small stand-alone
systems, like a network router, to complex embedded systems
supporting several operating execution...
... discrete -time linear time- invariant system. Let x(n) be the input
sequence and y(n) be the output sequence of the system. If h(n) is the impulse response
of the system, the output signal of the system ... square root
real ± real part of complex variable
imag ± imaginary part of complex variable
conj ± complex conjugate
round ± round towards the nearest integer
466 APPENDIX B: INTRODUCTION OF MATLAB ... xn);
title( `Time- domain signal x(n)');
xlabel( `Time index');
ylabel(`Amplitude');
where title gives the plot with the title `Time- domain signal x(n)', xlabel labels the
x-axis with `Time...
... INTRODUCTION OF C PROGRAMMING FOR DSP APPLICATIONS
Appendix C
Introduction of
C Programming for
DSP Applications
C has become the language of choice for many DSP software developments not only
because of ... read. The operator sizeof(object)has a value that is the amount of
storage required by an object. The values of sizeof for different data types may vary
from system to system. For example, in ... important issue in the development of large
software systems because it greatly reduces development time.
4. The use of functions frequently reduces the overall length of a program, because
many solutions...