... C# 3.0 : anintroductiontoobjectorientedprogramming / Jack Purdum.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-470-26129-3 (paper/website)
1. Object- orientedprogramming (Computer science) 2. C# ... Suffice it to say that C# provides you with a robust object - orientedprogramming language and an
impressive set of tools to tackle almost any programming task. Whether you wish to develop desktop, ... development company (Ecosoft, Inc.) in 1977. The company ’ s main product
was a statistics package (Microstat) that he wanted to rewrite in a new language called C. Lacking a
suitable C compiler,...
... called an
instance of a class. Anobject is an instance of exactly one class. An
instance of a class belongs to the class. The two
Bicycle objects Moto-1 and Moto-2
are instances of the Bicycle class. ... balance .An instance can access the class data values of the class to which
it belongs, so every
Account object can access the class data value minimum balance.
Jillís : Acco unt
1304.98
current balance
Jack’s ... class. Once a class is defined, we can create as many
instances of the class as a program requires.
1.1 Classes and Objects 17
Jon Java : CustomerMoto-2 : BicycleMoto-1 : Bicycle
An object name...
... operation that creates anobject and defines its
initial state. For complex objects, construction can be a
significant activity, and cause the constructors of other objects
to be invoked as ... interact with each other. OO can
produce elegant, easy to understand designs, which in turn leads to
elegant and easy to understand programs. Individual objects can often
be implemented and ... command button was pressed. Messages can be used to
change the state of anobject or to request an action by the object.
Object lifetime
All objects have a lifetime. They are created and initialized...
... the ASCII character code to repre-
sent characters. ASCII stands for the American Standard Code for Information
Interchange. Its extended version uses a byte to represent a character and can
therefore ... respective byte codes and instructs the
computer to execute the meanings of the instructions.
If the compilation is successful, you can execute (run) the program. The
command to execute or run a Java ... of the CS curriculum. Finally, Chapter 12 provides an introduc-
tion to more advanced data structure and algorithm topics.
Comparing the book’s topics to the current draft of the IEEE/ACM
Computing...
... manager object that inherits the characteristics of the employee
object but also adds characteristics unique to managers in your company. The manager object
will automatically reflect any changes ... pointing to the cMember class to 1,
and change the end pointing to the cLoan class to 0 4. This indicates that a cMember class may be
associated with up to four instances of a cLoan class (see ... also classify
objects according to their function. For example, there are commercial vehicles and recreational
vehicles. There are trucks and passenger cars. You classify cars according to their...
... objects.
An account object is said to be an instance of the account class, or an
instance object, or simply an instance.
A class is a programming language construct, while anobject is an
entity ... An untyped object reference data item can hold anobject
reference for any factory or instance object. Untyped object references
are also known as universal object references. A typed object ...
example:
if anObject1 = anObject2
Micro Focus
Extension
ã Test whether anobject reference refers toanobject of a particular
class. For example:
if anObject1 instance of ClassA
oppubb.book...
... program
Welcome to the world of object- orientedprogramming and C# ! The primary goal of this
book is to use the C# programming language from Microsoft to teach you object- oriented
programming, ... form and release the mouse
button. Second, you can simply double-click the label object in the Toolbox. The mouse double-
click causes Visual Studio to place a label object near the upper-left corner ... development company (Ecosoft, Inc.) in 1977. The company’s main
product was a statistics package (Microstat) that he wanted to rewrite in a
new language called C. Lacking a suitable C compiler,...
... Mammals
Reptiles
Amphibians
ObjectOriented
Programming with C+ +/
Session 1/ 39 of 50
Defining Objects
■
exampleclass object1 ,object2 ; defines two objects,
object1 and object2 , of class exampleclass.
■
The ... 200
/ /to object_ data
object1 .member_function1(200);
//call member function to display data
object1 .member_function2();
object2 .member_function1(350);
object2 .member_function2();
}
ObjectOriented ... interface to the object.
ObjectOriented
Programming with C+ +/
Session 1/ 37 of 50
Using the class
begin program
class exampleclass{ // specify a class
private:
object_ data is an integer; // class...
... private:
static int count:
int car_number;
char name[30];
public:
race_cars(){count++;} //constructor to increment count
~race_cars(){count ;} //destructor to decrement count
};
int race_cars::count;
The ... //error
ObjectOriented
Programming with C+ +/
Session 2/ 29 of 37
The count is common
Count:
3 cars in the race
ObjectOriented
Programming with C+ +/
Session 2/ 28 of 37
Example
class race_cars{
...
arguments.
ObjectOriented
Programming with C+ +/
Session 2/ 11 of 37
Pointers to objects
Pointers can point to objects as well as to
simple data types.
Declaring a pointer toanobject of...
... Anobject is an entity which has bundles of properties and
methods and can interact with other objects. Anobject can be sufcient or it
may have dependencies over other objects. But anobject ... class, and if we want to access
it from within the function, we must refer to it with $this. $this means a reference
to current instance of this object. So we can access the body property with ... output is:
__construct() executed. Factorial of 5 is 120
Similar to the constructor method, there is a destructor method which actually works
upon destroying an object. You can explicitly create a...
... 35
Scope rules (Contd.)
void main()
{
first object1 ;
second object2 ;
object1 .display();
//no function overloading takes place
object2 .display();
}
ã
The scope is strictly confined to the classes ... references (Contd.)
Do not think of a reference as a pointer to
an object. A reference is the object. It is
not a pointer to the object, nor a copy of the
object. It is the object.
Passing ... been declared before the class
Student.
ObjectOriented
Programming with C+ +/
Session 3/ 20 of 35
Friend classes (Contd.)
class beta{
public:
void display(alpha d) //can access alpha
{cout<<d.data;}
void...
... 49
Conversion between Objects (Contd.)
objectA = objectB;
objectA: object of destination class
objectB: object of source class.
■
Conversion of objects of two different classes can
be achieved ... 2.0; //uses second constructor
}
ObjectOrientedProgrammingwith C+ +/ Session
4/ 47 of 49
Constructor Function in Destination Class
LFeet::LFeet(LMetres dm)//constructor function
{
float ...
the argument to the function call.
ã
Left operand (object obj1 ) is accessed
directly since this is the object invoking the
function.
ã
Right hand operand is accessed as the function's...
... relationship.
class X{ //X contains Y
public:
Y abc;
};
ObjectOriented
Programming with C+ +/
Session 5 / 31 of 41
Constructors (Contd.)
When you declare anobject of the derived
class, with the ... it will cause the constructor of the
base class to be called first and then the constructor
of the derived class
The base class constructor is given after
the derived class constructor, separated ... ObjectOriented
Programming with C+ +/
Session 5 / 25 of 41
Types of Inheritance (contd.)
The functions in a protected derived class can
access protected and public members of the
base class....
...
functions cannot be used to define anobject
called an abstract class.
■
Only useful as a base class to be inherited into
a useable derived class.
■
No objects of an abstract class can be
created. ... public menu
{
public:
int show()
{return basedata;}
};
ObjectOrientedProgrammingwith C+ + / Session
6 / 10 of 44
Constructors and Destructors
General order for calling Constructors:
ã
Base classes ...
constructor).
General order for calling Destructors:
ã
The destructor of the class is called first,
then those of member objects, and then the
base classes.
ObjectOrientedProgramming with...
... 9
Packages
Classes can be grouped in a collection called package
Java s standard library consists of hierarchical packages,
such as java. lang and java. util
http:/ /java. sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api
Main ... 3
Constructor
constructor is a way to initialize anobject before the reference
to the object is returned by new
has the same name as the class
can have any of the same access modifiers ... Concepts
http:/ /java. sun.com/docs/books/tutorial /java/ concepts/index.html
Object and Classes in Java
http:/ /java. sun.com/docs/books/tutorial /java/ javaOO/index.html
20
How the virtual machine located classes?
How to...