... a simple theoretica model integrating the government budget constraint and debt financing, they find that an increase in productive government expenditure, financed out of a rise inthe tax rate, ... evidence in this analysis, showing that the debt turning points forthe first two channels (private saving and public investment) seem to be much below the range of 90-100% A possible explanation for ... private and public investment) In addition to the lagged private saving ratio and the debt variable, the other control variables are the main determinants of saving usually employed inthe literature...
... it affects granting and pricing of loans to firms and households The price of bank loans is a key factor in determining final demand and consequently inflation inan economy (Kwapil and Scharler, ... solvency and also the conditions for access to credit These aspects may affect the use of the interbank market and the formation of interbank interest rates, limiting and, in some cases, blocking the ... bank rate during the financial crisis than during the “normal” period This demonstrates a further reduction inthe bargaining power of banks in setting retail rates for loans to larger firms These...
... conducted by the Bank of England, the Fed, and the Bank of Japan as well But the scope for expansive policy has become limited in most advanced economies As the upswing in Asia and Latin America ... percentage point in Germany (to 6.9% in July), and increased by more than one percentage point in Spain (20.3%) Strong regional divergences will continue forthe rest of the year and during 2011 The high ... short-term forecasts of the main macroeconomic and financial variables, policy advice, and in- depth study of topics of particular relevance forthe working of the European Economic and Monetary Union The...
... recovering Inthe US and inthe Eurpean Union, production started expanding inthe third quarter; inJapan it did already so inthe second The Japanese export industries benefit from the surge ... the will and the means for con5 tinuing an expansive policy Inthe advanced countries, however, an upswing is not in sight The dampening factors here relate to the fact that the global imbalances ... around France and Germany Other countries, mainly inthe south, lag behind In this region, the housing sector is in recession or (in Spain) in a deep crisis, and public finances are in precarious...
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... of the four restructuring categories is included inthe theoretical framework fortheempirical analysis, and the rationales for restructuring actions within single categories are detailed inthe ... Compare forthe following VENKATRAMAN/RAMANUJAM (1986, pp 803-804), who differentiates three domains for performance measurement: financial performance, business performance, and organizational ... unambiguous, the terms ‘financial distress’, ‘corporate turnaround’ and ‘corporate restructuring’ are defined in CHAPTER 3.1 CHAPTER 3.2 integrates existing theory and empirical findings into the theoretical...
... knowledge and understanding of financial statements and other financial information issued by the company The existence of an audit committee can be perceived as indicating higher quality monitoring and ... are either managers or important decision agents in other corporations The value of their human capital depends primarily on their performance as internal decision managers in other organizations ... Strengthening The Professionalism of the IndependentAuditor contain recommendations calling for changes in board composition to enhance the board's independence for purposes of minimizing occurrences...
... mean uncertainty and changes in innovation can result in risk-taking for a company Enterprises can face risks when they innovation projects, and they may suffer the failure However, risk-taking ... ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES four parts including general information, determinant of innovation activities and innovative performance These indicators are measured by the 5-point Likert ... exEnvironmental changes plained 48.5% of the variance in product innovation Inthe next Environmental changes define the radicalism required for three models (Models 2; 3; 4), seven determinants of innovanew...
... especiallystrongsoutherlyflow in springand the cold water it bringswith it reachesthe seaareanearInubosaki c Ocean CurrentsIn Japan Sea Inthe JapanSea,there are the TsushimaOceanCurrent,which flows northeastward ... scatteredin the sea area southeastof Kamchatkaand inthe offins far east of Sanriku Summer In Japanese waters ,the meanwind velocityis to 13 kn andthe meanwaveheightis 0.8 to 1.5metres.This is the ... highest intensity inthe rightrear section of the quadrant and the lowest intensity inthe left fore section according to the direction of the typhoon This phenomenon can be interpreted by combining...
... that the degree of availability of direct finance changes the composition of bank borrowers Direct financing is usually less expensive than intermediate financing and therefore loan applicants ... more uniform than those on the remaining deposits; lending interest rates for non-financial corporations are more uniform than for households; and for large loans (i.e loans of more than €1 million) ... the decrease inthe policy rates set by the ECB Between January 2003 and March 2005, the interest rate on the main refinancing operations was reduced by 75 basis points in all The (minimum) interest...
... specialinstitutionoutsidethe banking company) Also, when loans are set in nominal system (for instance ,an asset management terms, inflationreducesthe value of real bank debt outstanding Sinceinflationis high followinga ... participantsto thejoint BankFund seminar We wish to thankCarlosArteta and Anqing Shi for excellentresearch assistance -2 - I Introduction Withthe proliferationof bankingproblemsaroundthe world, inthe ... governmentsecuritieswhereavailable,and a centralbank rate otherwise .The real rate is obtainedby subtractinginflation.This interestrate is higher inthe year of the crisis and inthe followingyear, and lower thereafter,but these...
... Inflation? AnEmpiricalAnalysis Introduction and Motivation The issue of whether central banks’ finances affect their policy performance has been relevant forthe Czech National Bank, as well as for ... Proxies for Central Bank Financial Strength and Data Description 3.1 Measures of Central Bank Financial Strength Theempiricalanalysis of the link between central bank finances and inflation ... banks are included inthe sample The criteria used for partitioning the data are inflation, the financial indicators themselves and central bank independence These robustness checks follow the...
... by the information server Also, the WAP Gateway performs as an interpreter between a mobile device and a web server which interprets and translates the information to help the server and the ... 1989) The effect of the PU on intention to use (IU) has been validated in many existing studies (Luarn and Lin, 2005; Lin and Wang, 2005; Guriting and Ndubisi, 2006) For instance, Wong and Hiew ... or tablet There are two most common modes used to deliver mobile banking are WAP banking and SMS banking The earliest mobile banking services were SMS banking Banks provide SMS banking services...
... of there in these cases is anaphoric and locative; it refers to inthe old streets in Hanoi” inthe first example, inthe party” inthe second Considering its meaning and function, there inthe ... accompanied with too in one sentence as inthe second example because too is a word that expresses an addition in meaning The main reason for these errors lies inthe differences in meaning of these ... Diep Quang Ban (1999:190), can be used as cohesive devices to inform an addition in meaning in Vietnamese Consequently, however and on the other hand are applied with Vietnamese meaning inthe above...
... different turning points In columns and 5, the minimum for contributions is around age 45 (near the mean for this group), while in columns and 6, the minimum is around age 20 (younger than almost ... or the heroism of leftist Presidential candidates in major political films of the 1990s, including The Distinguished Gentleman, The American President, and Dave (Scott, 2000) On the other hand, ... Arquette Rosanna Arquette Sean Astin Rowan Atkinson Charlotte Ayanna Dan Aykroyd Hank Azaria Kevin Bacon Simon Baker Alec Baldwin William Baldwin Christian Bale Fairuza Balk Eric Bana Antonio Banderas...
... 2-aminomuconate deaminases [6,8,27] or to any other sequences available in FASTA and BLAST database programs at the DNA Data Bank of Japan Recently, we reported the cloning and sequencing of the ... released ammonia The coupled enzyme assay revealed the mechanism of the deamination reaction and the subsequent metabolism, including the deamination step The product formed from 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic ... 2-Aminomuconic acid was synthesized by the methods of He and Spain [5] 2-Hydroxymuconic 6-semialdehyde was prepared by incubating catechol with resting cells of a mutant, strain Y-2, of the aniline-assimilating...
... information quantity than the one that has brother relation or mixed parent and brother relation to the current node (such as the parent's brother node) 5.3 Theanalysis to the predictive information ... first left brother of the parent 0.2505 1.5603 0.6145 5.2 Theanalysis to the influence of the structural relation and the structural distance to the predictive information quantities of the history ... to find out what influence the exact headword information, the heuristic information of headword and modifier, and the physical position information have respectively to the predictive information...
... - -) and mutant neuroserpin The proteins were added to increasing concentrations of urea, and the change in fluorescence profile was followed by exciting the protein at 295 nm and measuring the ... profile for wildtype neuroserpin was comparable to that obtained for other serpins, including a1-antitrypsin and a1-antichymotrypsin [19,20] In comparison, the spectrum of Ser52Arg neuroserpin shows ... unusual for a serpin that spontaneously forms polymers in vitro and in vivo [19] The polymers of mutant neuroserpin that form in FENIB are analogous to polymers that form with mutants of other members...
... countries both inthe substantive law relating to the patentability of biotechnology inventions and inthe procedural law prescribing the mechanisms for obtaining and maintaining patents The key features ... being enforced in Australia and the quantum of in- licensing; the general terms and conditions contained in licences entered into by the Australian industry forthe purposes of obtaining access to ... mutant BRCA gene sequences and their use in diagnosis and prognosis of breast, ovarian and other cancers, therapies and drugs The patents include claims to a whole range of methods for identifying,...