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advanced mathematical methods for scientists and engineers i pdf

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 1 pdf

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 1 pdf

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... look for books with “Introduction” or “Elementary” in the title. If it is an“Intermediate” text it will be incomprehensible. If it is Advanced then not only will it be incomprehensible, it willhave ... . 2039xx Injective Surjective BijectiveFigure 1.1: Depictions of Injective, Surjective and Bijective Functions1.3 Inverses and Multi-Valued FunctionsIf y = f(x), then we can write x = f−1(y) ... words, distinct elements aremapped to distinct elements. f is surjective if for each y in the codomain, there is an x such that y = f(x). If afunction is both injective and surjective, then it is...
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 2 ppt

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 2 ppt

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... Delta and Einstein Summation ConventionThe Kronecker Delta tensor is definedδij=1 if i = j,0 if i = j.This notation will be useful in our work with vectors.Consider writing a vector in ... (b), associativity of scalar multiplication.ã a à (b + c) = a · b + a · c, distributive. (See Exercise 2.1.)ã e i ej= ij. In three dimensions, this is i · i = j · j = k · k = 1, i · j = j ... limx→ξy(x) = 0.Left and Right Limits. With the notation limx→ξ+y(x) we denote the right limit of y(x). This is the limit as xapproaches ξ from above. Mathematically: limx→ξ+exists if...
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 3 pptx

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 3 pptx

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... and right limits do exist,then the function has a finite discontinuity. If either the left or right limit does not exist then the function has an infinitediscontinuity.76 Relative Extrema and ... polynomial approximation of this function near the71 Figure 3.4: Piecewise Continuous Functionsthe function is said to be uniformly continuous on the interval. A sufficient cond ition for uniform ... thus discontinuous at that point. Since the numerator and denominator are continuous functions and the75 Figure 3.3: A Removable discontinuity, a Jump Discontinuity and an Infinite DiscontinuityBoundedness....
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 4 pptx

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 4 pptx

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... 1)!f(n+1)(ξ).Solution 3.7Consider limx→0(sin x)sin x. This is an indeterminate of the form 00. The limit of the logarithm of the expressionis limx→0sin x ln(sin x). This is an indeterminate of the form ... expression to obtain anindeterminate of the form∞∞ and then apply L’Hospital’s rule.limx→0ln(sin x)1/ sin x= limx→0cos x/ sin x−cos x/ sin2x= limx→0(−sin x) = 0The original limit islimx→0(sin ... if it is differentiable, it has an infinite number of indefinite integrals, eachof which differ by an additive constant.Zero Slope Implies a Constant Function. If the value of a function’s derivative...
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 5 pdf

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 5 pdf

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... isr= −14cost2 i −14sint2j.See Figure 5.8 for plots of position, ve locity and acceleration.Figure 5.8: A Graph of Position and Velocity and of Position and AccelerationSolution ... Suppose you are standing on some terrain. The slope of the ground in a particulardirection is the directional derivative of the elevation in that direction. Consider a differentiable scalar field, ... a function of time. The function iscontinous at a point t = τ iflimt→τr(t) = r(τ).This occurs if and only if the component functions are continu ous. The function is differentiable i fdrdt≡...
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 6 pps

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 6 pps

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... arctan(x,y).Cartesian form is convenient for addition. Polar form is convenient for multiplication and division.Example 6.3.1 We write 5 + ı7 in polar form.5 + ı7 =√74eı arctan(5,7)We write 2eıπ/6in ... trigonometricfunctions with some fairly messy trigonometric identities. This would take much more work than directly multiplying(5 + ı7)11.6.6 Rational ExponentsIn this section we consider ... definition of exponentiation, we haveeınθ=eıθnWe apply Euler’s formula to obtain a result which is usefulin deriving trigonometric identities.cos(nθ) + ı sin(nθ) = (cos θ + ı sin θ)nResult...
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 7 ppt

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 7 ppt

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... direction. For circles, the positive direction is the counter-clockwise direction.The positive direction is consistent with the way angles are measured in a right-handed coordinate system, i. e. ... the positive imaginary axis and approach infinity via pure imaginary numbers. We could generalizethe real variable notion of signed infinity to a complex variable notion of directional infinity, ... difference in223 Figure 7.3: Traversing the boundary in the positive direction.Two interpretations of a curve. Consider a simple closed curve as depicted in Figure 7.4a. By giving it anorientation,...
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 8 ppt

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 8 ppt

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... the familiar definitions in terms of theexponential function. Thus not surprisingly, we can write the sine in terms of the hyperbolic sine and write the cosinein terms of the hyperbolic cosine. ... at infinity and its only singularity is atz = 1, the only possi bili ties for branch points are at z = 1 and z = ∞. Sincelog1z −1= −log(z −1) and log w has branch points at zero and infinity, ... the real and imaginary parts of the cosine and sine, respectively. Figure 7.20shows the modulus of the cosine and the sine.The hyperbolic sine and cosine. The hyperbolic sine and cosine have...
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 9 ppt

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 9 ppt

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... modulus-argument form.Hint 7.4Writeezin polar form.Hint 7.5The exponential is an increasing function for real variables.Hint 7.6Write the hyperbolic cotangent in terms of exponentials.Hint 7.7Write ... verify this solution.1z=ez log(1)=eız2πn For n = 0, this has the value 1.Logarithmic IdentitiesSolution 7.9We write the relationship in terms of the natural logarithm and the principal ... positive real axis with an accumulation point at the origin. See Figure 7.40.313 is defined on the positive real axis. Define a branch such that f(1) = 1/3√2. Write down an explicit formula for...
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 10 doc

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 1 Part 10 doc

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... derivative in terms of the derivative in a coordinate direction. However, we don’t have a nice wayof determining if a function is analytic. The definition of complex d erivative in terms of a limit is ... this to obtaintwo equations.) A sufficient condition for analyticity of f(z) is that the Cauchy-Riemannequations hold and the first partial derivatives of φ exist and are continuous in a neighborhoodof ... exponential.In Exercise 8.13 you can sh ow that the logarithm log z is differentiable for z = 0. This implies the differentiabilityof zα and the inverse trigonometric functions as they can be written...
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 2 Part 1 pps

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 2 Part 1 pps

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... Cauchy-Riemann equations for à and are satised if and only if the Cauchy-Riemannequations for u and v are satisfied. The continuity of the first partial derivatives of u and v implies the same ofà and ... essential si ngularity is, we say what itis not. If z0neither a branch point, a removable singularity nor a pole, it is an essen tialsingularity.A pole may be called a non-essential singularity. ... z0)nf(z) is analytic there.8.4.2 Isolated and Non-Isolated SingularitiesResult 8.4.3 Isolated and Non-Isolated Singularities. Suppose f(z) has a singularity atz0. If there exists a deleted neighb...
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 2 Part 2 pptx

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 2 Part 2 pptx

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... hyperbolicsine. Since the hyperbolic sine has an essential singularity at infinity, the function has an essential singularityat i nfini ty as well. The point at infinity is a non-isolated si ngularity ... line y = x−1 and the partial derivatives are continuous,the function f(z) is differentiable there. Since the function is not differentiable in a neighborhood of any point,it is nowhere analytic.423 ... the partial derivativesare continuous, f(z) is everywhere differentiable. Since f(z) is differentiable in a neighborhood of every point, itis analytic in the complex plane. (f(z) is entire.)Now...
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 2 Part 3 ppt

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 2 Part 3 ppt

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... contour with the opposite orientation. Let469 This function is analytic where f(ζ) is analytic. It is a simple calculus exercise to show that the complex derivative inthe ξ direction,∂∂ξ, and ... two evils, I always pick the one I never tried before.- Mae West10.1 Line IntegralsIn this section we will recall the definition of a line integral in the Cartesian plane. In the next section ... will usethis to define the contour integral in the complex plane.Limit Sum Definition. First we develop a limit sum definition of a line integral. Consider a curve C in the Cartesianplane joining...
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 2 Part 4 ppsx

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 2 Part 4 ppsx

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... 0arg(sin(z))C= 2πSolution 11.21. Since the integrandsin zz2+5is analytic inside and on the contour, (the only singularities are at z = ±ı√5 and atinfinity), the integral is zero ... 1)dz495 If the limit is greater than unity, then the terms are eventually increasing with n. Since the terms do not vanish,the sum is divergent. If the limit is less than unity, then there exists ... 1where g is analytic inside and on C, (the positive circle |z| = 1), thenCf(z) dz = ı2πα1.Exercise 11.8Show that if f(z) is analytic within and on a simple closed contour C and z0is not...
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Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 2 Part 5 pps

Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Episode 2 Part 5 pps

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... −ζ| < δ in the domain.An equivalent definition is that f(z) is continuous in a closed domain iflimζ→zf(ζ) = f(z) for all z in the domain.Convergence. Consider a series in which the terms ... jump discontinuitiesat x = 2kπ and is continuous on any closed interval not containing one of those points.12.3 Uniformly Convergent Power SeriesPower Series. Power series are series of the form∞n=0an(z ... −Nn=1an(z)<  for all z in the domain.12.2.1 Tests for Uniform ConvergenceWeierstrass M-test. The Weierstrass M-test is useful in determining if a series is uniformly convergent. The series∞n=0an(z)...
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