... deposition of collagen and other ECM proteins within the pulmonary interstitium and is commonly associated with the up -regulation of TGF-b [31] Little is known regarding the role of miRNAs in lung ... Irregularities in multiple pathways involved in tissue repair andin ammation can lead to the development of fibrosis Collagens are the predominant ECM proteins, while other ECM proteins such as fibronectins, ... understood and there are few effective therapies For these reasons, and knowing the multitude of pathways that miRNAs can affect, it is envisaged that investigating the roles of miRNAs in fibrosis...
... neurons inthe LH and tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons inthe ARC, although their physiological actions are uncertain GALP neurons inthe ARC are innervated by orexin neurons inthe LH and ... through thermogenesis by long-term activation ofthe sympathetic nervous system Therefore, both prostaglandins inthe brain and uncoupling protein-1 in peripheral tissue are involved in GALP-induced ... one in which GALPcontaining neurons project from the ARC to the PVN, andthe other in which they project to the MPA, bed nucleus ofthe stria terminalis and lateral septal nucleus Central administration...
... than writing generic names, with the rationale that inthe market place, and with increasing numbers of brands coming and going, this was the best way to be sure ofthe quality ofthe drugs In one ... the chain The president ofthe Association of Pharmaceutical Producers of Nepal linked the gift and bonus giving to the increase in competition inthe market But he defined the problem with the ... mutatis mutandis, in India andin Nepal But here, as in some other parts ofthe world, physicians face additional complications in sustaining the trust of their patients, because there are state-sanctioned...
... effect of HLA in RA inthe Spanish population, we investigated the association of SE-containing HLA-DRB1 alleles with susceptibility to RA and then examined the possible protective effect of HLA-DR3 ... participated in data collection and helped draft the manuscript GO helped inthe statistical analysis and participated inthe design ofthe study MAL-N and JLV carried out the HLA determination, ... no competing interests Authors' contributions AB, AC, JM, EM-M and DP-S participated inthe design ofthe study, helped inthe statistical analysis, and helped draft the manuscript TC and EM-C...
... (blocked arrows) of different stages inthe proposed pathway are indicated Genistein is an inhibitor of tyrosine protein kinase and competitive inhibitor of ATP in other protein kinase reactions; ... switches off the induction of Bcl-2 and rather predominates Bax in controlling apoptosis within the perinatal lung This reinforces the presumption that signaling pathways mediating apoptosis in response ... online http://respiratory-research.com/content/3/1/26 a decrease inthe thickness ofthe interstitium, thinning ofthe epithelium and separation ofthe terminal air units This stage also marks the...
... in vivo and then separating the aqueous phase from the organic phase in phenol:chloroform extractions Free DNA segregates into the aqueous phase and DNA bound to proteins remain s inthe organic ... results in differential segregation of intergenic regions ofthe genome into the aqueous phase Nagy et al [13] proposed that this may be a result of different efficiency of chromatin cross-linking ... depleted of nucleosomes, and other proteins bound at these regions may not cross-link to DNA as efficiently as histones In either case, the physical fractionation of yeast chromatin suggests that the...
... Protection in 2005 and carbon rights as well as the decentralization of power to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment inthe land allocation ... more interested inthe financial benefits of REDD rather than the social and environmental benefits Then now, the question is: In your opinion, how to sustain the programme’s efficiency? I think ... and has generated important discussions among forestry policy makers Inthe pilot province of Lam Dong, the pilot exercises on applying the principles of Free, Prior and Informed Consent in the...
... earnings divided by the market value of equity at the beginning ofthe year SIZE = the natural logarithm ofthe market value of equity in millions of U.S dollar at the beginning ofthe year Q = the ... logarithm ofthe market value of equity in millions of U.S dollars at the beginning of year t; Qit = the market value of equity divided by the book value of total assets at the beginning of year ... that the entrepreneur controls 25% of Firm B the weakest link inthe chain of voting rights At the same time, the entrepreneur owns about 8% ofthe cash flow rights of Firm B, the product of the...
... and 3) Translational regulationof iPLA2c in myocardium Owing to the obvious complexity oftheregulationof iPLA2c resulting from the combined presence of transcriptional and translational regulation, ... which regulates the flow ofthe Gibbs free energy inherent in C–C bonds in fatty acids into the production of either chemical energy or heat by directing the flow of iPLA2c into either the peroxisomal ... boundaries ofthe iPLA2c gene are shown in scale (kb) The 13 exons ofthe iPLA2c gene are indicated as boxes Spaces between the exons represent the relative sizes ofthe 12 introns contained within the...
... from the composite wealth index using the PCA The cut off point of poor in is 26% in urban areas and 28% in rural areas This cut-off point is equivalent to the poverty estimates ofthe Planning ... Pradesh and Nagaland had a value of three and more indicating higher inequality inthe state of health care All other states had a value between two and three indicating the degree of inequality in ... variable inthe construction ofthe wealth index for rural India Third, we have equated the cutoff point ofthe poor to the Planning Commission, Government of India estimates of poverty in 14 2004-05,...
... fame were a result of his surgical discoveries, including the invention the Sims Speculum andthe Sims Position, andthe use of silver sutures to prevent internal infections These innovations eventually ... saying “there is no science in it (and) there is no honor to be achieved in it.”7 This was a popular perception ofthe field; inthe South Carolina piedmont inthe 1830s, a career in medicine ... students examining Lucy, while Anarcha and Betsy watch from behind a curtain This artist’s rendering does not show the pain or suffering of these women, and fails to include any sign of their ailments...
... commercial, industrial and high-income areas Consider the following The Durban Chamber of Commerce and Industry “has in recent years expressed the concern of its members regarding the increasing cost of ... bulk of it was indirect, extracted unwittingly from the apartheid state inthe form of payment boycotts by township residents inthe 1980s and early 1990s In spite ofthe boycotts, the apartheid ... interests The point of departure for any community-controlled development process is that finance andthe financial system must serve the interests of poor communities and not the interests of...
... the left to the right-hand side ofthe map decreases the probability of Expected-Debt to be equal to ô ằ (increase in indebtedness) by 15 points (33 minus 18), and increases the probability of ... Survey In 1996, the credit has overall been decreasing for 53% ofthe sample, it has been increasing for 36%, and has been stable for the remaining 11% An increase in indebtedness (of 80% in average) ... constraints The descriptive, statistical analysis in Table indeed confirms that the lower the decline in production (or the higher its increase, inthe best cases), the higher the probability of...
... smallholder farming remains the main land-use inthe peneplains of Sumatra (10 million hectares nationwide) These smallholders retain a direct interest inthe preservation ofthe both forests andthe plantations ... extent, the size ofthe area burnt - andthe matching of these with maps of land-use This indicated that most serious and persistent fires originated in logging concessions and agro-industrial ... Sumatra province contains numerous examples ofthe changes found in all the fire affected provinces ofthe island: logging inthe peneplains and peat forests, development of large industrial forest...
... Table summarises the data used inthe modelling The price lenders have to pay for their funding is a key variable of interest inthe analysis Inthe case of Ireland up to the end of 2008, lenders ... as the cost ofthe liquidity funding provided by the ECB andthe Irish central bank are also incorporated within the analysis The rest ofthe paper is outlined as follows: Section provides further ... behaviour of interest rates in their dataset For instance, Sander and Kleimeier (2004) andand De Graeve et al (2007) select the threshold that minimises the residual sum of squares or results in the...
... commercial, industrial and high-income areas Consider the following The Durban Chamber of Commerce and Industry “has in recent years expressed the concern of its members regarding the increasing cost of ... bulk of it was indirect, extracted unwittingly from the apartheid state inthe form of payment boycotts by township residents inthe 1980s and early 1990s In spite ofthe boycotts, the apartheid ... interests The point of departure for any community-controlled development process is that finance andthe financial system must serve the interests of poor communities and not the interests of...
... 11 The effect of creatine on the kinetics of respiration of skinned bers by exogenous ATP at 0.1 and 2.0 lM free calcium At the 0.1 lM calcium concentration, andinthe presence of creatine, the ... sigmoidally increasing the active tension in cardiac cells as a result ofthe formation of actomyosinADP rigor complexes [59] Inthe presence ofthe exogenous ATP regenerating system andof high ... turnover of contractile cycles during high workloads and as a result ofthe presence of creatine kinase and adenylate kinase systems, the channelling of adenine nucleotides and metabolic signalling...
... bearing in mind that the incorporation of choline into PC might be inhibited by HePC interfering with the biosynthesis of PC, we went on to analyse the enzyme activities involved in this synthetic ... inthe tumoral hepatic cell line HepG2, HePC hinders the incorporation of radiolabelled choline into PC, the endproduct ofthe CDP–choline pathway This reduction inthe incorporation of choline ... cells [16] and KB and Raji cells [32], in which the authors showed that APC did in fact interfere with the uptake of choline into the cell, leading to a decrease in PC biosynthesis Inthe present...
... 3, and > h from the start of glucose infusion For the calculation of glycogen C6 changes, data acquired within h ofthe start ofthe glucose infusion was not included to avoid any in uence of ... up -regulation of glucokinase and a down -regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase gene expression, suggesting that this biofactor may also be involved in balancing the uptake and release of glucose from the ... the initial rate of label incorporation into glycogen C6 relative to the rate of label incorporation into glycogen C1 reflects the relative isotopic enrichment of Glc6P inthe C6 relative to the...
... succinate and phosphate Mitochondria were suspended inthe swelling medium andthe absorbance ofthe mitochondrial suspension as a function of time was monitored either inthe absence or inthe ... Matrix proteins release assay For the assay ofthein vitro release of matrix proteins, mitochondria (10 mg proteinÆmL)1) were suspended inthe swelling medium, above reported, and incubated at ... at 24 h after PH The increase inthe number of lysosomes, even if at a low extent, the presence of autophagosomes andthe reduction inthe number of mitochondria that we observe in hepatocytes...