... Amplitude
Amplitude
The cutoff frequency of the filter is changed by making filter kernel wider or
narrower. If a low-pass filter has a gain of one at DC (zero frequency), then
the sum of all of the points ... cross-correlation of and cana[n](b[n] ' c[n] a[n] b[n]
Chapter 7- Propertiesof Convolution 127
FIGURE 7-3
Example of calculus-like operations. The
signal in (b) is the first difference of the
signal ... the speed of DSP computers is often specified by how long
it takes to preform a multiply-accumulate operation.
If a signal composed of N samples is convolved with a signal composed of M
samples,...
... the approach of deformation compatibility of beam
for the analysis of the beams with large eccentricities by the additional assumption of an
imaginary concrete strain at the portion of cable, ... before reaching the maximum value of
Fig.6.12
Increase of cable stress of beam C1
Fig.6.13
Increase of cable stress of beam C2
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
100
200
300
400
Applied ... the top surface of cross section.
-123-
i.e., the major part of stress increase in a cable will develop as the deflection of the beam
becomes large. When the crushing ofconcrete happens...
... SCOPE OF THESIS
1.4.1 Objectives of thesis
Although an extensive body of experimental studies has been conducted to understand the
behavior of externally prestressed concrete beams, a method of ... behavior
External
cable
Crushing of
concrete
External
cable
Non-prestressed
reinforcement
Crushing of
concrete
a) Shallow tied arch behavior
b) Flexural behavior
External
cable
Crushing of
concrete
External
cable
Non-prestressed
reinforcement
Crushing ... and scope of the present study as well as the organization of the course of study are
defined and given at the end of this chapter.
1.1.1 Definition of post-tensioned prestressed concrete beams...
... maintain the hedge.
6.2 Proofs of the Properties
Let
fG
k
g
n
k=0
be a sequence of non-negative random variables such that each
G
k
is
F
k
-measurable.
Define
T
k
to be the set of all stopping times
satisfying
k ... minfk ; V
k
= G
k
g:
Proof: Recall the definition
V
0
4
= max
2T
0
f
IE 1 + r
,
G
= max
2T
0
V
0
Chapter 6
Properties of American Derivative
Securities
6.1 The properties
Definition ... + r
,
G
:
The owner of the American derivative security can borrow this amount of money immediately, if
he chooses, and invest in the market so as to exaclty pay off his debt as the payments
fC
j
g
n
j...
... horizontal position of the apex of the
pile – also, changing the sign of x changes that of the shear σ
xz
. More generally,
the stress state of the jammed grain packing is assumed to be of the form
σ
xx
= ... probably one of the issues that has been at the origin of the interest
of many physicists for granular materials [359]. The last point of this subsection
will be dedicated to the study of the stress ... Static propertiesof granular materials
Fig. 14.6 Polar representation of the contact orientation distribution obtained in
a numerical simulation of a granular layer prepared by a uniform ‘rain’ of...
... Inc.
Æ
À1
¼1=5boundaryisoneinwhich1in5ofthegrainboundaryatoms
match,asshowninFig.2.8(c).
Twinboundariesmayformwithincrystals.Suchboundarieslieacross
deformationtwinplanes,asshowninFig.2.8(d).Notethattheatomson
eithersideofthetwinplanesaremirrorimages.Stackingfaultsmayalsobe
formedwhentheperfectstackinginthecrystallinestackingsequenceis
disturbed,Figs2.8(e)and2.8(f).Thesemaybethoughtofastheabsence
ofaplaneofatoms(intrinsicstackingfaults)ortheinsertionofrowsof
atomsthatdisturbthearrangementofatoms(extrinsicstackingfaults).
IntrinsicandextrinsicstackingfaultsareillustratedschematicallyinFigs
2.8(e)and2.8(f),respectively.NotehowtheperfectABCABCstackingof
atomsisdisturbedbytheinsertionorabsenceofrowsofatoms.
2.3.4VolumeDefects
Volumedefectsareimperfectionssuchasvoids,bubble/gasentrapments,
porosity,inclusions,precipitates,andcracks.Theymaybeintroducedintoa
solidduringprocessingorfabricationprocesses.Anexampleofvolume
defectsispresentedinFig.2.9.ThisshowsMnSinclusionsinanA707
steel.AnotherexampleofavolumedefectispresentedinFig.1.16(d).
This ... approximately 0.3–0.5
of the melting temperature in degrees Kelvin.
Since the evolution of microstructure is often controlled by diffusion
processes, a brief introduction to elementary aspects of diffusion ... model of grain growth may be developed by using an analogy
of growing soap bubbles. We assume that the growth of the soap bubbles
(analogous to grains) is driven primarily by the surface energy of...
... Inc.
2
DefectStructureandMechanical
Properties
2.1INTRODUCTION
Sincethemechanicalbehaviorofsolidsisoftencontrolledbydefects,abrief
reviewofthedifferenttypesofdefectsispresentedinthischapteralongwith
theindicialnotationthatisoftenusedinthecharacterizationofatomic
planesanddimensions.Thepossibledefectlengthscalesarealsodiscussed
beforepresentingabriefintroductiontodiffusion-controlledphasetrans-
formations.Finally,anoverviewofthemechanicalbehaviorofmaterialsis
presentedinanefforttopreparethereaderformoredetaileddiscussionin
subsequentchapters.Thematerialdescribedinthischapterisintendedfor
thosewithlimitedpriorbackgroundintheprinciplesofmaterialsscience.
Thebetterpreparedreadermay,therefore,choosetoskimthischapterand
moveontoChap.3inwhichthefundamentalsofstressandstrainare
presented.
2.2 ... macroscopic level of understanding of
structure [Figs 16(a)–(d)]. They are often unaware of the atomic and micro-
structural constituents that can affect the mechanical behavior of materials
and of the ... mechanical propertiesof mate-
rials. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all the different
aspects of mechanical properties; such a task would be beyond the capabil-
ities of any...
... and Optoelectronic Properties
of Semiconductor Structures
Jasprit Singh
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
1.3. Crystal Structure 11
Structure of the electronic de
vice Structure of the optoelectronic ... techniques
that allow modifications of electronic properties;
use of alloys, quantum wells, strain and polar charge are discussed; iii) electron (hole)
transport and optical propertiesof semiconductors and ... OEIC
Substrate
Substrate
APPROACH
Growth of the optoelectronic device structure
Mask a portion of the layer
Etch back
Regrowth of the electronic device structure
OEIC
Figure 1.7: The importance of regrowth is clear...
... evaluate the psychometric
properties of the generic quality of life (QoL) scale Child
Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE) by
means of a combined analysis of atomoxetine clinical trials
in ... discussion of the impact of ADHD on QoL as
measured by the CHIP-CE can be found elsewhere
(Escobar et al. 2005, 2010).
Internal psychometric propertiesof the CHIP-CE
Missing values
The proportion of ... et al.
123
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Psychometric propertiesof the quality of life scale Child Health
and Illness Profile-Child Edition in a combined analysis of five
atomoxetine trials
Alexander Schacht
•
Rodrigo...
... current was turned off for a fixed duration t
off
of 0.5 s. During t
on
, FePt nanoparticles
were deposited on the surface of the electrode When the current was switched off, an ultrasound ... magnetic properties with the saturation magnetization,
µ
0
M
s
, of 1.4 T, the
Currie temperature, T
c
, of 750 K, and the crystalline anisotropy K
1
, of 7 MJ/m
3
[2]. Despite the high
cost of ... the potential benefit of combining sonochemistry
with electrochemistry. Some of these beneficial effects include acceleration of mass transport,
cleaning and degassing of the electrode surface,...
... increase up-spin of
positions 2a and 2b. About the role of La to improve hard magnetic propertiesof hexagonal ferrite, the
Vietnamese researchers have published a large number of publications ... fine particles, Digests of the ICF8, Kyoto, Japan
(2000) 8.
[4] M. Le Breton, et al. Intrinsic and magnetic Propertiesof La-Co substituted M-Type Hexa-Ferrites, Proc. of the ICF9,
SanFrancisco, ... Magnetic Propertiesof La-Co substituted M-Type Sr-Ferrite ultrafine Powders prepared from citrate
recursors, Proc. of the ICF9, SanFrancisco, California, USA (2004) 75.
[9] L. Neél. Magnetic Properties...
... to the increasing of anisotropy property of ferrites
Ni
1-x
Co
x
Fe
2
O
4
, hence it was the increasing of H
C
.
The increasing of H
C
proved that the soft magnetic property of ferrite NiFe
2
O
4
... high coercivity of materials, the second term can take part of several
tens percent of H
C
and the last one whereas can only reach several hundreds of gauss.
Thus, the increasing of Co-concentration ... compensation of ion Fe
3+
in the tetrahedral and octahedral
location. That led to increasing of total magnetization of a molecule Ni
1-x
Co
x
Fe
2
O
4
and hence there is
increasing of M
S
(table...