... publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record has been ... or her academic potential will
find this practical and easy-to-use guide to writing in English a truly indispensable
resource.
Stephen Bailey has taught English forAcademic Purposes at the ... it is essential to ensure that your writing
skills meet the necessary standard. AcademicWriting is a new kind of writing course
for all internationalstudents who have to write exams or coursework...
... References and
Quotations
4.5 Comparison Essay
Read the essay carefully and find:
a) a definition
b) an example
c) a generalisation
d) a phrase expressing cause and effect
e) a passive
f) a phrase expressing ... lessons are available, and which have
assignments sent and returned by email. Although on-line
courses are now offered by many institutions, it is by no
means clear that they offer real advantages ... internet-based teaching (also
known as e-education) has emerged as a potential rival
to traditional classroom learning. It normally involves
having access to a secure site on the internet where a
graded...
... a title, and students must be quite
clear what question the title is asking before starting to plan the
essay and read around the topic. This unit deals with analysing titles
and making basic ... so that by the late 1980s only the most
honest countries confessed to having as many as
half their population illiterate, and only ten – all but
Afghanistan in Africa – were prepared to admit ...
critically
Suggest Give a detailed account
Summarise Look at the various parts and their
relationships
8
The Writing Process: Writing Foundations
was indeed the aspiration of almost all governments,...
... information or data (collectively,
“information”) made available at the company
web site are provided “as is”, without warranties of
any kind. The Company expressly disclaims any
representations ...
Where might each one be found?
Academic Jargon
Archaic Journalistic
Formal Literary
4. Match the examples below with the types of English listed
above:
a) Demographic data are given in Table 1. Twenty-
three ... of Asia and suggest possible
approaches to halting their spread.
1.5 Understanding Purpose and
Register
Having decided that a text is reliable, a student must read and
understand as much as...
... Synonyms
3.2 Academic Vocabulary
24
The Writing Process: Reading and Note-making
vaccines for the plague, one of which has begun clinical
trials. In parts of Africa drug-resistant strains of the
disease ...
South-East Asia and South America, and have recently
begun to spread across India and Africa. Formerly under
control in many areas, the disease now threatens two
billion people living in more than ... box below.
MALARIA FIGHTS BACK
Drug-resistant strains of malaria, already one of the
world’s major killers, are steadily spreading across the
globe. The deadly strains have established themselves...
... completed its planned new
capital, Abuja. Both Brazil and Malaysia have found that
the building of new capitals (Brasilia and Putrajaya) can
sharply increase the national burden of debt. Even ... reported that baboons are able to think
abstractly. It has been known for some time that
chimpanzees are capable of abstract thought, but
baboons are a more distant relation to mankind. In ... literature to describe plants and
animals which have had DNA introduced into them by
means other than the ‘natural’ process of an egg and a
sperm.
New species have always evolved through natural...
...
market, e.g. local
TV advertising very expensive (to make and show)
many people video TV and fast forward adverts
newspaper adverts can be prepared more quickly
TV adverts can reach a wider audience
a) ... of advertising on TV with advertising
in newspapers. What are the main differences? Are there
any similarities?
TV adverts more lively, dynamic
newspaper adverts can be targeted at a special ... Organising Paragraphs
45
1. topic
2. restatement
3. reason
4. example
5. information
5. The sentences below form a paragraph, but have been
mixed up.
Rewrite them in the correct order and analyse...
... ideas if necessary.
Cultural adaptation among overseas students at an
Australian university.
a)
The research programme
purpose: to study how students from different cultural
backgrounds adapt ... university
b) Reasons why classroom based education remains
popular:
students can be part of group; receive support
and advice; learn from colleagues
students have face-to-face contact with a teacher
is ...
students adapt better?
Summary
The aim of the study was to explore differing degrees
of adjustment to life at an Australian university
among overseas students from a variety of cultural
backgrounds....
... encourage extra
traffic. This may be partly true, but the alternatives are
equally problematic. Road pricing has many practical
difficulties, while people are reluctant to use public
transport. ... Comparison
4.5 Comparison Essay
68
Elements of Writing
3. Analyse the following paragraph in a similar way:
Obesity is a growing problem in many countries. It can
lead to various medical conditions ... various skills that are
needed for most types of academic writing, whether it is
a short report, a long essay or a dissertation. Many essays,
for instance, begin by defining a term in the title...
... two main reasons; one
economic and one social. The former appears to be a lack
of capital, the latter a failure to carry out sufficient market
research. Jenkins considers that together these account
for ... normal dictionaries), very
recent, or with no widely agreed meaning.
Word Category Detail Use
A lecture is a formal talk given to a large
group,
often used for
teaching.
An assignment is a task ... is a pattern of anti-social . found in
many schools.
f) Recycling is a in which materials are used
again.
g) A
recession is a of reduced economic
activity.
h) Post codes are afor making mail...
... essays it is often better to support statements
by giving examples. Compare the following:
a) Many plants and animals are threatened by global
warming.
b) Many plants and animals are threatened ... (informal)
plus (informal)
one minor benefit of school uniforms
is . . .
drawback
disadvantage
a negative feature
con (informal)
minus (informal)
a serious drawback to state control
is . . .
2. There are two ... clearer.
a) His mother’s sister was a small but very remarkable
woman.
b) When the liquid reached boiling point the reaction began.
c) It appears that Candlemas day was celebrated with large...
... begin an essay with remarks that are
general but also accurate and clear.
Decide which of the following are suitable (essay titles in
brackets):
a) (Do newspapers have a future?)
Newspapers are ... statistical data is a necessary part of much
academic writing:
Approximately 1,800 children between the ages of 5 and
12 years were randomly selected . . .
Already 3% of the US working population ... as many the majority/minority
a tenfold increase 50%, a percentage
to double/halve on average/the average
number
the most/least a small/large proportion
Rewrite each sentence in a simpler way,...
... (d) and (e) are plagiarism.
2 (a) , (b) and (c) are plagiarised, (d) is acceptable.
NB (c) uses paraphrasing but contains a quotation not marked by quotation marks.
3 Acceptable: some vocabulary ... publications.
Answers
207
Journalistic English is found in newspapers.
Literary English may be found in poems, plays and novels.
4a academic
4b formal
4c jargon
4d literary
4e archaic
4f journalistic
5a ... (significant). The penultimate
sentence is speculation.
1.5 Understanding Purpose and Register
2a amuse/entertain
2b inform/persuade
2c inform
3 Academic English is found in academic journals and...
... snow. For more than a decade the nations involved in
Antarctic research have respected an agreement to repatriate their garbage, and
this should gradually solve the problem. But there are a few ... the labour market.
ã Recent research (Jackson
et al.) shows that employers are looking for personal
skills rather than educational qualications.
ã The average student in Britain now leaves ... there are two main differences: how students can enter a
university and what percentage of students are in higher education. There are twice as
many students in higher education in Taiwan as in...
... methods.
5a a/c
5b d/e
5c b
5d g
Answers
223
2.7 Examples
2a e.g./such as
2b A case in point
2c particularly/especially (for example/instance also possible)
2d for instance /for example
2e such as/e.g.
Model ... e.g. Indira Gandhi . . .
3d . . . most car makers, for instance Toyota/Volkswagen . . .
3e Certain diseases, particularly malaria/Aids . . .
3f Many musical instruments such as guitars/violins ... is usually less expensive than
a meal in a conventional restaurant.
2.13 Academic Style
Model answers
4a It is widely believed that the railways are deteriorating.
4b Serious crime, such as murder,...