a vehicle for grammar modularity
Báo cáo khoa học: "Partially Specified Signatures: a Vehicle for Grammar Modularity" pdf
... desiderata.1 IntroductionDevelopment of large scale grammars for naturallanguages is an active area of research in humanlanguage technology. Such grammars are devel-oped not only for purposes ... theoretical linguis-tic research, but also for natural language applica-tions such as machine translation, speech genera-tion, etc. Wide-coverage grammars are being de-veloped for various languages ... Haifashuly@cs.haifa.ac.ilAbstractThis work provides the essential founda-tions for modular construction of (typed)unification grammars for natural lan-guages. Much of the information in suchgrammars...
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Tài liệu A Handbook for Technical Writers and Editors:Grammar, Punctuation, and Capitalization ppt
... (called pathetic fallacy); for example,Path. fallacyNonessential loads can take advantage of voltage regulation, but essential loads cannot.Better For nonessential loads, designers can take ... emphasis: parallelism. As discussed in sections 1.8.1 and 2.3, parallelism is grammatically required at times. It can also be used to Chapter 1. Grammar Page 1Chapter 1. Grammar 1.1. Grammar and ... transverse and shear strain is calculated for each specimen. (two strains)CorrectThe transverse and the shear strain is calculated for each specimen.OrThe transverse and shear strains are calculated...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Meta-Level Grammar: Redefining Synchronous TAG for Translation and Paraphrase" doc
... edu. au Abstract In applications such as translation and paraphrase, operations are carried out on grammars at the meta level. This pa- per shows how a meta -grammar, defining structure at ... Constraint-Based Paraphrasing. Natural Language Processing and In- dustrial Applications (NLPq-IA98), 213-219. Dras, Mark. forthcoming. Tree Adjoining Grammar and the Reluctant Paraphrasing ... A Meta-Level Grammar: Redefining Synchronous TAG for Translation and Paraphrase Mark Dras Microsoft Research Institute Department of Computer Science Macquarie University, Australia markd@±cs,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A GRAMMAR AND A LEXICON FOR A TEXT-PRODUCTION SYSTEM" pptx
... diversity Hallidey has provldat for systemic grammar is useful for our pu~__o'-'e~-__; The fact that grammatical structure is multi.layered means that those aspects of grammatical structure ... a grammar and a lexicon can actually be mate to function as more than just structure generators. One issue reiatat to this that has been brought uD was that different ~ external to the grammar ... representation • a novel and hitherto unexplored combination] 1. THE PLACE OF A GRAMMAR AND A LEXICON IN PENMAN This gaper will view a grammar and a lexicon as integral parts of a text production...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "FUNCTIONAL UNIFICATION GRAMMAR: A FORMALISM FOR MACHINE TRANSLATION" doc
... FUNCTIONAL UNIFICATION GRAMMAR: A FORMALISM FOR MACHINE TRANSLATION Martin Kay Xerox Palo Alto Research Center 3333 Coyote Hill Road Palo Alto California 94304 and CSLI, Stanford Abstract ... steps in a carefully prescribed order. • These advantages are available in large measure through a class of formal devices that are slowly gaining acceptance in linguistics and which are based ... elementary events take place is of little importance. Lexical Functional Grammar and Generalized Phrase-Structure grammar share these relational and monotonic properties. They are also characteristics...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Feature-Rich Constituent Context Model for Grammar Induction" doc
... dependency grammarsfrom corpora. In Workshop Notes for Statistically-Based NLP Techniques, AAAI, pages 1–13.David Chiang. 2005. A hierarchical phrase-based model for statistical machine translation. ... American Chapter of the Asso-ciation for Computational Linguistics, pages 74–82,Boulder, Colorado, June. Association for Computa-tional Linguistics.Shay B. Cohen, Dipanjan Das, and Noah A. Smith. ... a Large AnnotatedCorpus of English: The Penn Treebank. Computa-tional Linguistics, 19(2):313–330.Tahira Naseem and Regina Barzilay. 2011. Using se-mantic cues to learn syntax. In AAAI.Tahira...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A PROLOG IMPLEMENTATION OF LEXICAL LANGUAGE FUNCTIONAL PROCESSING GRAMMAR SYSTEM AS A BASE FOR A NATURAL" pdf
... LEXICAL FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR AS A BASE FOR A NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM Werner Frey and Uwe Reyle Department of Llngulstlcs University of Stuttgart W-Germany O. ABSIRACr ~ne aim ... logical relations? Recall that each clause has a unique head end that the functional features of each phrase are identified with those of its head. For (3) the head of S -~> NPVP is the VP and ... transformations. It ~nphasizes the role of the grammatical f~Ictions and of the lexicon. Another powerful formalism for describing natural languages follows from a method of expressing grammars...
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a practical chinese grammar for foreigners
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Cambridge.University.Press.Vascular.Disease.A.Handbook.for.Nurses.Oct.2005.pdf
... \`^abc^db`eafb[ad`^\[_ d^^\`^agh]ijdg]^db`Z[\]^_\`^aSBk \jdg]ha_]`]l\_\`^mandeoaf]g^b [a_ bjdfdg]^db`mapq\[gde\ac[bl[]__\Z[\]^_\`^aTBn]jdbhbldg]ha_]`]l\_\`^mandeoaf]g^b [a_ bjdfdg]^db`marich\qaeg]`mas\[dct\[]ha]`ldbl[]ctua]`j]`ldbch]e^uZ[\]^_\`^avBwi[ldg]ha_]`]l\_\`^mandeoaf]g^b [a_ bjdfdg]^db`maxuc]eeac[bg\ji[\01234 ... +"(#$%&'$*,13$#%+(3+63$"%$"#$,(15$.,(4#"3'6'3$"-%&'L971'M$#.+($6'#91%$"#$'89"),.+1$;@"*96'$> /A/ N?/O1'+#'$#''<&+7%'6$= /A/ BP !HFDHC IJ&+#$76,)'3$%,$:'$76'%%5$+ 96+%'$"($"3'(%"-5"(*$#%'(,#"#$+(3$.+( ... !"#$%&'$"()'#%"*+%",($, &,".'/0%$.+($1,.+1"#'$%&'$#%'(,#"#2"3'(4%"-5$%&'$3'*6''$,-%&'$#%'(,#"#$+(3$.&+6+.%'6"#'$%&'$71+89'$+%$%&'$.+6,%"3:"-96.+%",($;#''$<&+7%'6$=/>?$;@"*96'$> /A/ A?/B...
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A methodology for validation of integrated systems models with an application to coastal-zone management in south-west sulawesi
... river basin management and/or ecosystem-based river basin management (Nakamura, 2003). Embedded in these approaches are the concepts of participatory management and adaptive management (Miser and ... actions. 1.2.3. Integrated management and policy analysis Integrated management Rapid changes of objectives and methodological approaches towards the management of natural resources and ... criterion. A performance criterion defines what aspect of the model we want to examine and what references are used for this examination. For example, a certain performance criterion was drafted as...
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A song for peter
... fish and play. Around the headland to the east, a small estuary came in from the sea and wound a couple of hundred yards inland before petering out at a small rock barrier. At low tide, he and ... Australians and their friends to keep the enemy out. The Americans were an unknown force. Will had heard some of what had happened at Pearl Harbour. The bush telegraph was always active in Australia ... towards the open sea. Mum opened her big carry bag and out came sandwiches and fruit. There was always fruit up here. Not the apples and oranges of the south but mangoes and bananas and custard...
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Flavor enhancement as a tool for increasing pleasantness and intakeof a snack product among the elderly
... flavor, andstronger in after-taste than the sample with a regular aromaconcentration. The heightened aroma concentration caused a slight off-flavor described as ‘artificial’.The manufacturer packaged ... significant interaction of day and aromaon the pleasantness ratings of the young, implicating anincrease in pleasantness of the heightened aroma sample inthe presence of health-related information. ... (Thomas-Danguin et al.,200 3a) ).Data analysisRepeated measures analysis of variance was used to testthe within-subject effect of aroma concentration of thesample (two levels) and the day of eating (three...
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