... presence or absenceof affiliations with medical schools.The goal of Phase II was to conduct a quantitative analysis aimed at evaluating theimpact of a wide range of patient and facility characteristics ... from the Phase II analysis.Our analytic approach closely resembles the approach that we took in the Phase IIanalysis. The analysis was structured to yield clear, policy-relevant, practical conclusions ... each patient was as-signed the average value for each characteristic (the “unadjusted average allocation”) with thesimulated allocation that occurs when a characteristic of interest (e.g., health...
... disease plays a keyrole in inducing plasma leakage, shock and hemorrhagic manifestations.Currently, there are no vaccines available against dengue virus, althoughseveral tetravalent live-attenuated ... World Health Organization, updated February 2006.Type of vaccinePharmaceuticalcompany orresearch groupStatus ofdevelopmentLive attenuated tetravalent vaccine Sanofi-Pasteur ⁄ Mahidol Phase ... mutant US Food and Drug Administration PreclinicalTetravalent E-NS1 fusion protein subunit Hawaii Biotech PreclinicalDNA and recombinantmodified vaccinia AnkaraNational Institute of Health...
... integrated into a phrase- based decoder serving as additional distortion fea-tures.We evaluated our approach on large-scaleJapanese-English and English-Japanese machinetranslation tasks, and ... ranking model is auto-matically derived from word aligned paralleldata with a syntactic parser for source lan-guage based on both lexical and syntacticalfeatures. We evaluated our approach ... Quirk, Arul Menezes, and Colin Cherry. 2005. De-pendency Treelet Translation: Syntactically InformedPhrasal SMT. In Proc. ACL, pages 271-279. A. Ramanathan, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, JayprasadHegde,...
... effectiveness of a fea-ture basedapproach with the use of a state-of-the-art sequential learning technique that has proven successful for tasks such as “email act classification”. Our evaluation demonstrates ... investigate the use of state-of-the-art se-quential learning techniques that have proven suc-cessful for email act classification in comparison with a feature based approach. Our evaluation ... evaluated the feature basedapproach across all three dimensions and demonstrate that statistically significant improvements are achieved on all dimensions by adding context oriented fea-tures....
... is based on an axiomatic rather than a gen-erative view of grammar, (ii) it uses a TAG-likegrammar in which the basic linguistic units aretrees rather than categories and (iii) it assumes a flat ... a Constraint -Based Approach Claire GardentCNRSLORIA, BP 239 Campus Scientifique54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, Franceclaire.gardent@loria.frStefan ThaterComputational LinguisticsUniversit¨at des SaarlandesSaarbr¨ucken, ... variable while a neutral nodevariable is a variable that may not be identifiedwith any other node variable. Formally, polari-ties are used to define the class of saturated mod-els. A saturated...
... The Attack Planner enables the user to state plan goals, launch the planner and view the attack plans generated. For example, a user can state the goal “An external user with no initial access ... users a deep analysis of the state of their network, particu-larly by demonstrating feasible attack plans that could be launched against it. Widespread application of CycSecure and adoption ... American Association for Artificial Intelli-gence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. “Cyc” is registered trademark, and “CycSecure” is a trademark, of Cycorp, Inc. about what computers are...
... regarded as separate languages,which are mutually intelligible, but occasionally dif-fer in orthography/pronunciation and vocabulary:Bahasa Malaysia (lit. ‘language of Malaysia’) andBahasa ... boleh menampung kelas seramai 30pelajar, selain bekalan-bekalan lain seperti 500 khemah biasa, barang makanan dan ubat-ubatan untuk mangsa gempa Sichuan.ref1: Mercy Relief has sent 17 special tents ... makekereta api and keretapi in Bahasa Indonesia andBahasa Malaysia, respectively, both meaning‘train’. As in English, Malay compounds arewritten separately, but some stable ones likekerjasama/‘collaboration’...
... available after realization has completed,and thus all surface-oriented and morphologicalfeatures are available. Of course, we also assumethat all other features are still available at thattime, not ... previous section has presented a corpus- based static analysis of factors affecting VPE. Inthis section, we take a computational approach. We would like to use a trainable module thatlearns rules ... be-ing no adjuncts at all. This information canbe annotated reliably at a satisfactory level( ).In-Quotes (qut): Is the antecedent and/orthe candidate within a quoted passage, and ifyes,...
... Hyderabad, India, January.Gerald Gazdar. 1988. Applicability of indexedgrammars to natural languages. In U. Reyle andC. Rohrer, editors, Natural Language Parsing andLinguistic Theories, pages ... categorial grammar: An ap-proach to gap resolution in analytic-language trans-lation. In Proceedings of The Third InternationalJoint Conference on Natural Language Processing,volume 1, pages ... with a memory mechanism. In thememory mechanism, fillers and gaps are storedas modalities that modalize a syntactic category.The fillers and the gaps are then associated in thecoordination and...
... more appropriate. Such an approach allows taking into account in a flexible and natural way the variety of knowledge sources and processing activities that are involved in importance evaluation. ... definition. A procedural, knowledge -based approach comprising a set of rules that can assign relative importance values to the different parts of a text and can resolve or explain conflicting evaluations ... paper we focus on the notion of importance from a computational standpoint, and we propose a procedural, rule -based approach to importance evaluation. This novel approach is supported by a...
... 691-698.Kenji Sagae and Alon Lavie. 2006. Parser Combinationby Reparsing. In Proceedings of NAACL 2006, pages129-132.Yoshimasa Tsuruoka, Jun’ichi Tsujii, and Sophia Anani-adou. 2009. Fast Full Parsing ... similarly as the standard shift-reduce parsingalgorithm. In the training phase, each target-styleparse tree in the training data is transformed into a binary tree (Charniak et al., 1998) and then ... andMarcu, 2006), and the method for annotation adap-tation of word segmentation and POS tagging (Jianget al., 2009). As one of the most related works,Jiang and Liu (2009) present a similar approach...
... two advantages. One, sparse data problem can be addressed appropri-ately because standard language corpus is used. Two, the phonetic mapping models are as stable as standard language. In chat ... Thus there is a social urgency to under-stand online chat language text. Chat language is anomalous and dynamic. Many words in chat text are anomalous to natural language. Chat text comprises ... in standard language as follows. ()()∑××=iiislcslcpmAApsAfrAApsAfrAAob),()(),()(),(Pr (2) In Equation (2) }{i A is the character set in which each element i A is similar...
... a head feature, it percolates up toany phrase projected from that head, and allows thePHON value of the lexical head to be accessed atthat projection; i.e., headed phrases will also bear a specification ... Phonology: A Constraint -Based Approach. Studies in NaturalLanguage Processing. Cambridge University Press.Alan W. Black and Paul Taylor. 1997. Thefestival speech synthesis system. Technical ReportTR-83, ... Place, Edinburgh EH8 9LW, UKewan@cogsci.ed.ac.ukAbstractThe paper develops a constraint -based the-ory of prosodic phrasing and prominence,basedonanHPSGframework,withanimplementation in ALE....
... English validate the general approach. 1 IntroductionCurrent research on natural language parsingtends to gravitate toward one of two extremes:robust, partial parsing with the goal of broaddata ... resultsin a highly-efficient parsing architecture that isrealized as a cascade of finite-state transducersand that pursues a leftmost longest-match pattern-matching strategy at each level of analysis.Despite ... The fragmentary and partially ill-formed nature of such spoken data makes themharder to analyze than written data such as thePenn treebank typically used as gold standard.It should also be...