... international normalized ratio
(INR), and a liver panel. Although the serum
aminotransferase level correlates poorly with liver
histology, the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to
alanine ... HCC, and mortality. In
addition, HCV infection has been linked toa variety of
extra-hepatic manifestations such as autoimmune
diseases, lymphoma, monoclonal gammopathies and
cryoglobulinemia. ... International Publisher. All rights reserved
Review
A PracticalApproachto Managing Patients with HCV Infection
Richard H. Huang, and Ke-Qin Hu
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,...
... quantitation and three approved drugs for HBV
treatment, and presents an updated and practical clinical approachto
managing CHB. Highly sensitive PCR-based quantitation of HBV DNA
makes it ... normal transaminases.
ALT Levels
For many years, ALT has been used as a standard surrogate for the activity of CHB. Thus, ALT level in combination with
HBV DNA level and histological activity ... treatment. Overall, LAM and ADV
are probably more favorable due to convenient administration, better tolerance, and less cost. When planning a LAM treatment,
medical adherence and regular follow-up...
... Geneva, Switzerland.
August 2006.
Water Conservation 5
18 APracticalApproachto Water Conservation
Reason 3 Minimising value chain related risk
Today corporate reputation is a more important ... questioning of outdated practices that are
redun-
dant but never eliminated. Value chain analysis, trialling of new products and
32 APracticalApproachto Water Conservation
megaohm-cm. It is ... Approachto Water Conservation
Water quality is also decreasing and so far has not made the headlines.
This alone could bring about a water crisis according to the 2006 Stockholm
Water Laureate...
... 11:45 AM Page xiv
60 APracticalApproachto Pharmaceutical Policy
Various global and regional initiatives try to make drug prices more
transparent. WHO and Health Action International developed a ... is a matter of international rather than national policy and has
already attracted the attention of leading academics, politicians, donors,
and advocacy groups.
At the national level, manufacturers ... Publishing.
Roberts, Marc, and Michael Reich. 2010. “Pharmaceutical Reform: A Guide to
Improving Performance and Equity.” Harvard School of Public Health,
Cambridge, MA.
10 APracticalApproachto Pharmaceutical...
... cross-cultural trans-
lation and adaptation that factored into account the chal-
lenges of small sample size in rare disorders, and applied
it toa quality of life tool. We used the KIT (Kids' ITP
Tools), ... 3.
Single forward and back
translation.
2 Back translations. At least 2 back translations.
Number of consensus
meetings
After forward and back
translations.
Between forward and back
translations.
Between ... forward and back
translations.
After forward and back
translations.
After pre-testing. After difficulty ratings. After back translations. After pre-testing.
After back translation.
Role of patients...
... not
have a clinical background.
Single back translation.
Must have as many back
translations as forward
translations.
Must have as many back as
forward translations.
Consensus/Synthesis A multi-disciplinary ... Translators and a
facilitator synthesize a
translated version of the
questionnaire from the 2
forward translations.
Not part of the process.
Back translation(final
language into source
language)
≥ ...
language)
≥ 2 Professional, naïve
translators NSE.
#
2 Professional translators
NSE.
2 Professional, naïve
translators NSE.
1 Professional, naïve
translator for each of the
target languages.
Translate...
... Nga – K 1 1A
30
Graduation paper
Declaration
Title: A new approachto semantic and syntactic
functions of English adjectives A contrastive–
analysis with their Vietnamese equivalents
(Graduation ... only topractical language but also to translation theory, the
description of particular language, language typology and the study of language
universals. In relation to bilingualism, C .A is ... subject at most language universals.
According to C. James (1980;19), C .A is a form of inter-language study
and a central concern of applied linguistic. As a matter of fact, C .A has had
much to...
... al-
Journal of Information Technology Education Volume 4, 2005
Editor: Mike Hart
Teaching IT Project Management to Postgraduate
Business Students: APracticalApproach
Arthur Tatnall and Gina Reyes ...
In the paper we describe and advocate apracticalapproachto teaching IT Project Management to
postgraduate business students from many different disciplines. In particular, we advocate the ... states that often, students lack apractical frame of reference so that the various nuances of IT
issues escape them, especially if these issues are those that are dealt with at a managerial...
... for instance, in fact is
labelled as a prepositio'~aT-~rase rather
than as an adverbial phrase. No attempt
is made to show any paraphrase
relationships. Putative deleted or
transposed ... previously opened
adjective phrase and continue an
already opened noun phrase or
161
A PROBABILISTIC APPROACHTO GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS
OF WRITT!N ENGLISH BY COMPUTER.
Andrew David Beale,
Unit for ... prel~minary stage in
developing computer programs and data
files for providing a grammatical
analysis of -n~estricted English text.
From 1981-83, a suite of PASCAL
programs was devised to automatically...
... Evaluation,
pages 719-
724.
Sadao Kurohashi, Masaki Murata, Yasunori
Yata, Mitsunobu Shimada, and Makoto
Nagao. 1998. Construction of Japanese
nominal semantic dictionary using " ;A ... role of a head word.
All definition sentences in RSK were analyzed
by JUMAN, a Japanese morphological analyzer,
and KNP, a Japanese syntactic and case ana-
lyzer (Kurohashi and Nagao, 1994; ...
Given an input phrase
N1 no N2,
both DBA and
SBA are applied to the input, and then the two
analyses are integrated.
4.2.1 Dictionary-based Analysis
Dictionary based -Analysis (DBA) tries to...
... boundaries; adjacent roads or streets; and streams, lakes, or other
significant natural features.
Charts
A chart is a type of map created to aid transportation. Charts include road maps,
aeronautical ... an attribute that implies rank or quantity. Land cover is another attribute that
can be mapped and displayed on a nominal scale.
Ordinal Scale
The ordinal scale of measurement conveys a gradation ... Vertical aerial photos are taken with the surface of the
camera lens parallel to the earth’s surface. These can be very useful in analyzing a site, but
vertical photographs are not maps. These aerial...