... system
learns this as a non-transliteration but it is wrongly
annotated as a transliteration in the gold standard.
Arabic nouns have an article “al” attached to them
which is translated in English as ... uses
Hidden Markov Models (Nabende, 2010; Darwish,
2010; Jiampojamarn et al., 2010), Finite State Au-
tomata (Noeman and Madkour, 2010) and Bayesian
learning (Kahki et al., 2011) to learn transliteration
pairs ... International
Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’10), Val-
letta, Malta.
Sittichai Jiampojamarn, Kenneth Dwyer, Shane Bergsma,
Aditya Bhargava, Qing Dou, Mi-Young Kim, and
Grzegorz Kondrak....
... thickness;
Phenomenex, Aschaffenburg, Germany). The temperature
program used was as follows: 50 °C held isocratically
for 5 min, followed by a ramp of 25 °CÆmin
)1
to a final
A novel route for geranial formation A. ... of
carotenoids.
Abbreviations
CCD, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology; OsCCD1,
Oryza sativa carotenoid cleavage ... (1999) Co-oxidation of b-carotene
catalyzed by soybean and recombinant pea lipoxygen-
ases. J Agric Food Chem 47, 4899–4906.
A. Ilg et al. Anovel route for geranial formation
FEBS Journal 276 (2009)...
... available
structural data of canonical mammalian class IIIa and
mycobacterial class IIIc catalytic domains [5,7,9,25]
nor do they parallel the findings on the noncanonical
class IIIc AC Rv1900c [14]. Another novel ... non-
conservative manner, glutamine-asparagine instead of
lysine-aspartate. All mammalian membrane-bound
ACs possess a strictly conserved and spaced hexad of
catalytic residues. Emerging from mostly bacterial ... the canonical transition-state stabilizing aspara-
gine does not contact the substrate and mutagenesis
shows that it appears not to be involved in catalysis.
Furthermore the asparagine-aspartate...
... day 30 displayed an airway
inflammation 18 h after treatment, in the same magni-
tude as in animals challenged with a third HDM aero-
sol on day 30 (data not shown). The animals were
killed after ... using a PhosphorImager with the
image quant software (both from Molecular Dynamics,
Sunnyvale, CA, USA). As standards for SDS ⁄ PAGE
autoradiography,
75
Se-labelled recombinant rat TrxR1 [41]
and ... dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae
augments proinflammatory mediator productions and
accessory function of alveolar macrophages: implica-
tions for allergic sensitization and inflammation.
J Immunol...
... query expansion
(Macdonald and Ounis, 2007), hierarchical lan-
guage model (Petkova and Croft, 2006), and for-
mal model generation (Balog et al., 2006; Fang et
al., 2006). However, all of them ... behind the quadruple
is that a query may be matched with phrases in
various forms (denoted as topic here) and an expert
candidate may appear with various name masks
(denoted as person here), ...
Alias, new email
(N
AE
)
7% / 0.4600
Ritiwari rti-
wari@hotmail.com
Table 1. Various masks and their ambiguity
1)
Every occurrence of a candidate’s email address
is normalized to the appropriate...
... of all possible language/feature
pairs are known. A sample of five languages and six
features from the database are shown in Table 1.
Importantly, the density of samples is not random.
For certain ... Furthermore,
some features are known for many languages. This
is due to the fact that certain features take less effort
to identify than others. Identifying, for instance, if
a language has a particular set ... them are Indo-European and the
other half are Austronesian. We will use a nearly
identical model to the FLAT model, but instead of
having a single m variable, we have three: one for
IE, one for Austronesian...
... generalization steps
Figure 2: Example of a simple grammar lattice. All grammars generate , and only generates ( is
a common lexicon for all the grammars)
3 A Grammar Lattice as a Search Space
for ... USA
rambow@cs.columbia.edu
Abstract
We propose a new language learning model
that learns a syntactic-semantic grammar
from a small number of natural language
strings annotated with their semantics, ... 832–839,
Prague, Czech Republic, June 2007.
c
2007 Association for Computational Linguistics
Grammar Approximation by Representative Sublanguage:
A New Modelfor Language Learning
Smaranda Muresan
Institute...
... verb
HASMODAL T if clause contains modal verb
FREQADV T if clause contains frequency adverb
MODALADV T if clause contains modal adverb
VOLADV T if clause contains volitional adverb
FIRSTVB lexical ... fora rule-based model. Our
models handle the defeasibility of these correlations
probabilistically, as is standard for machine learning
for natural language processing.
899
2 Discourse modes and ... a derived
situation type. For example, a modal adverb can
trigger aspectual coercion:
(6) Mickey probably paints houses. (P)
Serious challenges for SE classification arise from
the aspectual ambiguity...
... this
research has similar goals, it typically builds on
information or resources unavailable for ancient
texts, such as comparable corpora, a seed lexi-
con, and cognate information (Fung and McKe-
own, ... 2010.
c
2010 Association for Computational Linguistics
A Statistical Modelfor Lost Language Decipherment
Benjamin Snyder and Regina Barzilay
CSAIL
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
{bsnyder,regina}@csail.mit.edu
Kevin ... technique
for imposing structural sparsity constraints on
character-level mappings. We assume that an ac-
curate alphabetic mapping between related lan-
guages will be sparse in the following way: each
letter...
... annotations.
890
UNIGRAM
CASE−
UNIGRAM
CASE−
CASE−
LINK
CASE−
LINK
CASE−
LINK
CASE−
LINK
CASE
6,gen
CASE
3,gen
CASE
3,nom
3,acc
CASE
UNIGRAM
CASE−
UNIGRAM
CASE−
UNIGRAM
CASE−
CASE
2,
CASE
LINK
CASE
6,acc
CASE−
BIGRAM
CASE−
BIGRAM
TREE
WORD−
LINK
WORD
LINK
CASE ... neighboring variables are
4
Variables for link labels can be integrated in a straightfor-
ward manner, if desired.
true and it evaluates to a non-negative real num-
ber; otherwise, it evaluates to 1 and ... pipeline parser. For adjectives, the ex-
ample shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 is a typical sce-
nario, where an accusative adjective was tagged as
nominative, and was then misanalyzed by the parser
as...
... (P.B. and P.B.) have used Ruta 6 and Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
combination therapy to treat 15 patients diagnosed with
advanced intracranial malignant brain cancer at the PBH
Research Foundation, Kolkata, ... intracranial brain cancers.
The 15 patients (9 male, 6 female) with intracranial brain
cancers who were treated with Ruta 6 + Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
at the
PBH Research Foundation, Kolkata, India, had ... the
rodent model. J Agr Food Chem 47: 1078-1082, 1999.
16. Afanas'ev IB, Ostrakhovitch EA, Mikhal'chick EV,
Ibragimova GA and Korkina LG: Enhancement of antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory activities...
... industriale), which was a public holding
company containing the three largest private banks (Banca Commerciale Italiana, Credito
Italiano, and Banca di Roma) and a large number of public banks (Körnert ... special status easily.
Apart from legal considerations, the main arguments brought forward against the privati-
zation of the savings banks are threefold. First, only the savings banks can guarantee ... Modena)
Credito Italiano Group
UniCredito SpA
Privatization
Credito Italiano
Credito Romagnolo
Banking Group
(Emilia Romagna,
Bologna), later
Rolo Banca 1473
Banca CRT
(Cassa di
Risparmio
di Turino)
Cariverona
(Cassa...
... short chain; Aco1,
aconitase 1; Agt
)
, alanine-glyoxylate
aminotransferase knockout; Aldh2, aldehyde
dehydrogenase 2; Car3, carbonic anhydr-
ase 3; Cat, catalase; Dao1,
D-amino acid
oxidase 1; ... Coomassie blue
R-250 for preparative gels [11] or silver nitrate for analyti-
cal gels [12].
Image capture and analysis
Gels were scanned using a UMAX scanner (Amersham
Biosciences, Barcelona, ... Wang X, Santana A,
Roy-Chowdhury N, Torres A, Shapiro LJ &
Roy-Chowdhury J (2006) Alanine-glyoxylate amino-
transferase-deficient mice, amodelfor primary
hyperoxaluria that responds to adenoviral...