... verify algebraically using 2) This too follows from the fact that the lattice path returns to the main diagonal at (l, l), and is verifiable by an easy calculation the electronic journal of ... R P Stanley Hyperplane arrangements, interval orders, and trees Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Mathematics, 93:2620–2625, March 1996 [8] R P Stanley Hyperplane arrangements, parking functions and tree ... polynomial of K evaluated at (1, t) See Gessel [3] and Gessel and Sagan [4] for many properties of the Tutte polynomial and further references If T is a tree on {0, , n}, an inversion of T is a pair...
... introduction One naturally wonders at the relationship of Dist to more familiar classes such as NP and coNP In this direction, applying the machinery of [6], we can argue that it is unlikely that Dist ... Both Arthur and Merlin are supplied with a word x, and the goal of the game is for Arthur to determine if x ∈ L Arthur, based on his coin flips, may ask Merlin a constant number of questions, and, ... 17:215–217, 1983 [11] Alexander Russell and Ravi Sundaram Symmetric alternation captures BPP Computational Complexity, 6, 1996 [12] Michael Sipser A complexity theoretic approach to randomness In Proceedings...
... In these aspects, CatListGram and GenComp are weakly equivalent 274 CONCLUSIONS None of the additional characteristics for CatListGram affects the weak capacity of a categorial grammar; i.e.: ... exclusive cancellation of primitives does not affect recognition capacity maintaining more than one argument stack does not affect recognition capacity merging argument stacks of primary and secondary ... fonetiek6.1eidenuniv.nl/hijzlndr/delilah.html) GenComp + Primitive Cancellation Constraint + Directed Stacks + Transparent Primary Category (but nevertheless) Fact Fact 4, Fact and Fact also hold mutatis mutandis for CatListGram...
... numbers and polynomials associated with p-adic q-integral on Zp at q −1,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol 331, no 2, pp 779–792, 2007 14 T Kim, Anoteon p-adic q-integral on ... higher order,” Journal of Computational Analysis and Applications, vol 12, pp 695–702, 2010 27 T Kim, Ona q-analogue of the p-adic log gamma functions and related integrals,” Journal of Number Theory, ... D.-W Park, and Y.-S Ro, Anoteon Euler number and polynomials,” Journal of Inequalities and Applications, vol 2006, Article ID 34602, pages, 2006 L.-C Jang and T Kim, On the distribution of...
... numbers and polynomials,” 2006, http://arxiv.org/abs/math/ 0702523 [11] T Kim, “An invariant p-adic q-integral on Z p ,” to appear in Applied Mathematics Letters [12] H M Srivastava, T Kim, and Y ... q-calculus and the limit q → − 1,” Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics, vol 13, no 2, pp 131–141, 2006 [14] T Kim, Ona q-analogue of the p-adic log gamma functions and related integrals,” ... p-adic invariant integral in the rings of p-adic integers,” Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics, vol 13, no 1, pp 95–99, 2006 [7] T Kim, L.-C Jang, and H K Pak, Anoteon q-Euler and Genocchi...
... (French) A D Ioffe andA J Zaslavski, Variational principles and well-posedness in optimization and calculus of variations, SIAM J Control Optim 38 (2000), no 2, 566–581 S Reich andA J Zaslavski, ... following assertion ¯ ¯ (A) For each A ∈ M p and each > 0, there are A ∈ M p , δ > 0, x ∈ K, anda neighbor¯ in M p such that hood W of A ¯ (A, A) ∈ E( ), (3) and if B ∈ W and z ∈ K satisfy Bz ... O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan E-mail address: sreich@tx.technion.ac.il Alexander J Zaslavski: Department of Mathematics, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel...
... creates a directed cycle The relationship between cover graphs and graph parameters has been investigated in several papers B Descartes [5] (as noted in [2]) showed that there are cover graphs ... and A. R´nyi, On the evolution of random graphs, Publ Math Inst o e Hungar Acad Sci (1960) 17-61 [7] T.Luczak, The chromatic number of random graphs, Combinatorica 11 (1991) 45-54 the electronic ... then there are at least two long edges in C in both directions along the cycle If the short edges of C all have the same label and they make up more than one subpath then the paths of long edges...
... (Contemporary Mathematics AMS Series) 147 (1993) 441454 [19] P R Hafner, Large Cayley graphs and digraphs with small degree and diameter, Computational Algebra and Number Theory (W Bosma and van ... Thulasiraman, DCC Linear Congruy ential Graphs: A new Class of Interconnection Networks, IEEE Transactions on Computers, 45 No (1996) [24] D L Powers, M M Sulaiman, The walk partition and coloration ... a walk in G Consider its image A( W ) = A( e1 )A( e2 ) A( ek ) under a graph automorphism A ∈ A Due to the fact that A is an automorphism of the group Γ, we have α (A( W )) = k α (A( ei )) = k A( α(ei...
... vertex in a block is a vertex whose deletion disconnects the graph, i.e., a cutvertex of a graph An end-block is a block with exactly one separating vertex A Gallai tree is a graph all of whose ... support and hospitality, and to D Fon Der Flaass for useful comments References [1] Albertson, M., Open questions in Graph Color Extensions, Southeastern Conference on Graph theory, Combinatorics and ... need a couple of definitions first A block containing an edge e is a maximum 2-connected subgraph containing that edge or an edge e itself if such 2-connected subgraph does not exist A separating...
... ∈ A + A has at least two different representations a + a , a, a ∈ A Finally, we give a lower bound for the size of a set A ⊆ Zp such that every element t ∈ A + A has at least K ≥ representations ... where A is such that every element of A + A has at least two representations, and B is an arbitrary subset of Zp The main result of this section can be stated as follows Theorem If A ⊆ Zp and ... sets and G be an abelian group Then there exists a set X ⊆ G such that B ⊆ X + A − Aand |X| ≤ |B A| |A| Let X be a set whose existence is guaranteed by Lemma 1, i.e., |X| ≤ |A − B| andA ⊆ X...
... set of a non-trivial partial f -factor of G Concluding Remarks We mention a possible direction for extending the results of Theorem and Theorem Alon, Friedland and Kalai [3] proved that for any ... Then G contains a non-trivial partial f -factor We remark that Theorem can be extended easily to hypergraphs, in fact the same sufficient condition as displayed in Theorem works to give an f -factor ... every graph of average degree more than 2p − contains a non-empty subgraph all of whose vertices have degree zero modulo p As a natural extension of their result, given a graph G = (V, E) anda function...
... dα, and since αj+1 is in P , so is α2 However, a similar argument then shows that α3 and all the successive powers of α are also in P , a contradiction with the fact that V is 3-dimensional What ... combinatorics 16 (2009), #N19 Figure 2: A rotational Hamilton cycle in L3 (bold) on ℓj if and only if αi , αj and αj+1 are linearly dependent in V Assuming this condition holds, it is clear that ... about the paper of Brown [3] References [1] M Axenovich and P Iverson, Edge-colorings avoiding rainbow and monochromatic subgraphs, submitted for publication [2] M Axenovich andA K¨ ndgen, On...
... non-decreasing process Tsai & Chan (2005) showed that the kernel of a CARMA process is non-negative if and only if its Laplace transform is completely monotone Based on this characterization, Tsai ... = max |rj |, and 2≤j≤p (1) rj = β(λj )/α (λj ) Remark: The case p = and q = is trivial as the necessary and sufficient condition for non-negativity is α1 < Note that Condition (8) is necessary ... is stationary and that the roots of the characteristic equation α(z) = are distinct Then Conditions (5), (6), (7), and (8) are sufficient for the kernel g to be non-negative, while Conditions...
... techniques such as comparison, transformation, and contrastive analysis are applied in a quick-minded and active way to find out a general picture about the idiomatic variants and synonymous idioms ... general and their idiomatic variants and synonymous idioms in particular Basing on the forms and contents, some criteria were given to make a clear distinction between idiomatic variants and synonymous ... England and the US; meanwhile, such slang as asskissing (flattering, toadying), dinge (a black person) are accepted only by the American Finally, it is found that slang is fashionable and soon...
... Halliday, M, and Hasan, R 1976 Cohesion in English New York: Longman Group Limited Halliday, M 1992 Spoken and Written language London: Eddward Arnorld Nunan, D 1993 Itroducing Discourse Analysic ... Tieng Anh o Nguoi Viet Hanoi: Information and Culture Publishing House O'Connor, J.D & G K Arnold 1973 Intonation of Colloquial English London: Longman O'Connor, J.D 1967 Better English Pronunciation ... to Discourse Analysis Harlow (Essex): Longman Crystal, D 1992 Introduction to Linguistics London: Penguin Georgakopoulou, Aand Goutsos, D 1997 Discourse Analysis: An introduction Edinburgh:...
... that teachers should arrange situations in which a balance is made between “syntactic and lexical modes of communication” on one hand, while maintaining that balance between “conservative and ambitious ... terms of phonetics and morphology Also, Vietnamese language is a mono-language and most of its syllables not end in consonants (except some nasal and voiceless stop consonants), so this may result ... discussions and individual presentations, are presented first Then, the researcher explains how supplementary data, observation notes and questionnaires, are analyzed 4.1 Group data Eight audio-records...
... as a basis of the data analysis Particular is paid to analyzing and categorizing the data syntactically, semantically and pragmatically 3.6 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY Reliability and validity are ... syntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of English and Vietnamese exaggeration On this ground, the thesis analyzes the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of exaggeration in ... beyond what is truthful and accurate People talk about having a million things to do” What is said and teaching and learning It is hoped that the practical information can provide teachers and...
... is a stative verb of position other than “be” The initial element is an adverbial of position realized by a prepositional phrase: [64] The room contained a table and four chairs On the table lay ... unnecessary repetition in responses and parallel additions “So” is used in affirmative sentences only [119] Statement : John driver a car Parallel addition: And Bob does, too Parallel response: Bob does, ... No question only in intonation It contains a separate rising tone for each alternative but the last is a fall indicating that the list is complete The next are some examples for the second type...
... English and Vietnamese reject invitation and gives some recommendations 12 Method of the study The practical approaches are: - Comparative and contrastive analysis - Studying relevant publications ... occasionally Vietnamese gives a reason And Vietnamese‟s reason rarely attaches something It still is used the most popular in Vietnamese - Vietnamese also indirectly reject in vitiation by the way ... following ways: 2.2.1 Reason(r): Indirectly rejecting an invitation by the way giving a reason or a situation to parry accepting invitation When Vietnamese people give their reason or explanation, they...
... year English major students actually make many grammatical and lexical mistakes, which urges me to choose a study on grammatical and lexical errors made by first year English major students at ... structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology, etc A particular analysis of the system and structure of language or of a specific language (www.dictionary.com ... Correction: Doonesbury cartoons laugh at contemporary politicians, but readers don't always find this funny and demand that newspapers not carry the strip E.g 2: Last quarter was a difficult one...