... 20)
same agr same agreement of anaphor
and antecedent?
same gramrole same grammatical role of
anaphor and antecedent?
same semclass* same semantic class of
anaphor and antecedent?
Table 1: Features ... pronoun
ana npform NP form of the anaphor
ana gramrole grammatical role of the
anaphor
ana agr agreement of the anaphor
ana semclass* semantic class of the anaphor
ante npform NP form of the antecedent
ante ... science, arts and
entertainment, and travel.
4.2 The MMAX Annotation Tool
The manual annotation of the training data was
done with the MMAX (Multi-Modal Annotation
in XML) annotation tool (Măuller and...
... embedding in a sentence
6. ana
gram func grammatical function of anaphor
7. ana
npform form of anaphor
8. ana
agree person, gender, number
9. ana
case grammatical case of anaphor
10. ana
s depth ... 17(1):51–89.
Ihaka, Ross & Robert Gentleman (1996). R: A language for
data analysis and graphics. Journal of Computational and
Graphical Statistics, 5:299–314.
Kohavi, Ron & George H. ... top to bottom. If the
list contained an NP-markable at the current posi-
tion and if this markable was not an indefinite noun
phrase, it was considered a potential anaphor. In
that case, pairs...
... systems to which we can compare them.
We take this level of success as an indication of the
feasibility of our data-driven, modular approach.
Additionally, our approach has the advantage of
wide ... contribute
to a natural language understanding or machine
translation application. Since WH dependencies
also tend to distort the surface subcategorization
properties of verbs, identifying gaps could also ... been dealt with as part of the syntax (but
cf. Kuno, Takami & Wu (1999) for an alterna-
tive approach) . Early generative treatments used a
WH-movement
transformation (McCawley, 1998)
to describe...
... speculate, the supervised learning may
have favorably worked to cause the same effect as
automatic feature selection technique. Features with
high discriminative power may have been automat-
ically ... proposed a novel approachto au-
tomatic synonym identification based on supervised
machine learning and distributional features. For
this purpose, we re-formalized synonym acquisition
as a classification ... machine learning.
In this paper, we propose a novel approach to
automatic synonym identification based on super-
vised learning technique. Firstly, we re-formalize
synonym acquisition as a classification...
... possible to give a syntactic definition of a speech
act, how can the notion of speech acts be integrated into a formal, and in
particular, a computational analysis of discou~? The natural alternative ... among rural Japanese cannot be attributed to facts
of the Japanese language. What we could say, given the approach here. is
that the set of situation-types which is the cnd-stata of NEGOTIATE ... situation-type so that
the guy at the door now has the property both of having been told by the
114
A SITUATION SEMANTICS APPROACHTO
THE ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS 1
David Andreoff Evans
Stanford...
... overall performance. The base classifiers
can be expected to become more informative as
more data are provided. We followed the structural
learning approach (Ando and Zhang, 2005), which
trains ... the
training instances that do not have any errors to
alleviate data imbalance in the training set.
We emphasize the fact that the two learner
corpora differ from each other in three aspects. ... researchers to utilize native
corpora rather than GE tagged learner corpora for
the GEC task.
The native corpus approach consists of learning
a model that predicts the correct form of an article...
... high-performance
anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with a Carb-
oPac PA-1 column on a Dionex (Sunnyvale, CA, USA)
T. Na
ă
gele et al. Systems biology of cold acclimation in A. thaliana
FEBS Journal ... 3 software.
Gas exchange measurement
Exchange rates of CO
2
were measured with an infrared gas
analysis system (Uras 3 G; Hartmann & Braun AG, Frank-
furt am Main, Germany). A whole-rosette ... Whereas many
tropical and subtropical species have only limited
capacities to cope with low temperature, plants from
temperate climates, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, grow
at low temperature and can...
... integrated into a phrase-
based decoder serving as additional distortion fea-
tures.
We evaluated our approach on large-scale
Japanese-English and English-Japanese machine
translation tasks, and ... source lan-
guage based on both lexical and syntactical
features. We evaluated our approach on large-
scale Japanese-English and English-Japanese
machine translation tasks, and show that it can
significantly ... Translation: Syntactically Informed
Phrasal SMT. In Proc. ACL, pages 271-279.
A. Ramanathan, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, Jayprasad
Hegde, Ritesh M. Shah and Sasikumar M. 2008.
Simple syntactic and...
... for instance, in fact is
labelled as a prepositio'~aT-~rase rather
than as an adverbial phrase. No attempt
is made to show any paraphrase
relationships. Putative deleted or
transposed ... previously opened
adjective phrase and continue an
already opened noun phrase or
161
A PROBABILISTIC APPROACHTO GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS
OF WRITT!N ENGLISH BY COMPUTER.
Andrew David Beale,
Unit ... prel~minary stage in
developing computer programs and data
files for providing a grammatical
analysis of -n~estricted English text.
From 1981-83, a suite of PASCAL
programs was devised to automatically...
... trace
Interaction rules
Analysis database
Logic Engine
Figure 2.1: Analysis framework
2.2 Analysis framework
The MulVAL core analysis fra mework is shown in Figure 2.1. An analysis database is
a collection ... constants
In Datalog, a term is either a constant or a variable. Datalog is an untyped language,
so a predicate can be applied to arbitrary terms. However, to make a Datalog sentence
meaningful, ... applied to any vulnerability that matches the
pattern. An underscore-led variable such as AttackSrc is an anonymous variable in
Datalog — one that appears only once in a clause, and thus whose value...
... 1998. Machine trans-
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Methods in Natural ... how one can use an ex-
isting statistical translation model (Brown et al.,
1993) in order to automatically derive a statistical
TMEM. Second, we adapt a decoding algorithm
so that it can exploit...
... anode
potential was 10 V. Both end-plate potentials of the ion
trap were set at 1.5 V and the duration of the electron
pulse was 100 ms.
Data acquisition and handling
Primary data analysis was ... Commun. Mass Spectrom. 16, 993–998.
16. Tanaka, Y., Sato, I., Iwai, C., Kosaka, T., Ikeda, T. & Nakamura,
T. (2001) Identification of human liver diacetyl reductases by
nano-liquid chromatography/Fourier ... were fed a standard pellet diet
and tap water ad libitum. Appropriate measures were taken
to minimize pain and discomfort for the mice, which were
maintained in accordance with the National Institutes...
... in language learning.
Machine Learning, Special issue on Natural Language
Learning, 34:11–41.
W. Daelemans, J. Zavrel, K. Van der Sloot, and A. Van
den Bosch. 2007. TiMBL: Tilburg memory based
learner, ... has
been argued that memory-based learning is at an
advantage in solving these highly disjunctive learn-
ing problems compared to more eager learning that
abstract from the examples, as the latter ... information available in the training corpus and
modelling the task applying an approach similar to
the one that has been applied to tasks like semantic
role labeling (Morante et al., 2008) or negation
scope...
... Empirical Methods in Natural Language Process-
ing (EMNLP).
Masaaki Nagata, Kuniko Saito, Kazuhide Yamamoto,
and Kazuteru Ohashi. 2006. A clustered global phrase
reordering model for statistical machine ... and Ashish Venugopal. 2006. Syntax
augmented machine translation via chart parsing. In
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Andreas Zollmann and Stephan Vogel. ... of
morphologically similar words into the same class.
3
Ashish Venugopal and Andreas Zollmann. 2009. Gram-
mar based statistical MT on Hadoop: An end -to- end
toolkit for large scale PSCFG based MT. The Prague
Bulletin...