9grain size analysis from x ray diffraction
metal and alloy bonding an experimental analysis ; charge density in metals and alloys
... the diffractions to arise from ‘reflections’ of separate X- ray waves from parallel planes of electron density 2.2.1 Bragg’s Equation X- ray diffraction results from the interaction between X- rays ... X- Ray Diffraction Instrumentation 1.8.4 Single-Crystal X- Ray Diffraction Instrumentation 1.9 Grain Size Analysis from X- Ray Diffraction 1.10 Scanning Electron Microscope ... 2001) All diffraction methods are based on generation of X- rays in an X- ray tube These X- rays are directed to the sample, and the diffracted rays are collected A key component of all diffraction...
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Báo cáo hóa học: "Cobalt and Nickel Nanopillars on Aluminium Substrates by Direct Current Electrodeposition Process" pdf
... qualitative analysis of prepared Ni and Co nanopillars was carried out using energy dispersive X- ray spectroscopy (EDXS) coupled with the ESEM equipment The crystal phases of Ni NPs were analysed by l-XRD ... remove the rest of the oxide barrier layer from the pore bottom In this way, we made sure that the remains of the aluminium oxide barrier layer were completely removed from the pore bottom tips ... suitable hexagonal arrangement of the pores When the first anodization stage finished, the aluminium oxide film was removed from the aluminium substrate by wet chemical etching in a mixture of phosphoric...
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The effects of clay a m e n d m e n t and composting on metal speciation in digested sludge liang qiao
... process The exchangeable Zn during the composting was precipitated as Zn hydroxide and carbonate by red mud addition through raising pH from to 7.2 Zn hydroxide dissolves under pH7.2, so the exchangeable ... CO3 Oxid COs Org Cu Org S Org Org S COs Ni Org/Res CO3 CO3 Org COs Sol/Res Pb Org/Res COs -Res Org Org Zn Org/Oxid/CO3 Org CO3 Oxid Org Org Note: COt carbonate;Org organicallybound;Oxid oxidesphases; ... 0.01 M CaC12 extraction and plant available metal as measured by 0.1 M DTPA extraction are related to the metal in exchangeable and in exchangeable/carbonates fractions, respectively, except for...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Neuronal growth-inhibitory factor (metallothionein-3): reactivity and structure of metal–thiolate clusters* doc
... distributions of metal loading were detected, ranging from five to nine for Cd(II) and from six to eight for Zn(II) (note that identical experiments with MT1A showed more homogeneous M(II)-binding ... of MT3 isolated from bovine and equine brain showed that Cu is bound in the oxidation state I in a four Cu(I)–thiolate cluster, Cu(I)4-CysSX [12,20] Furthermore, reconstitution experiments with ... oxygen, resulting in the formation of disulfide bonds (Eqn 1) Thiyl radicals have been observed as an intermediate The mechanism might be oxidation of Cu(I) by oxygen (Eqn 2) The formed superoxide...
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ADSORPTION OF pb AND cd ONTO METAL OXIDES
... components Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OHÁHCl) was used to extract easily reducible Mn oxides, sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) to extract Mn and Fe oxides, and oxalic acid to extract metal oxides and ... of removal of organic material and metal oxides from natural coatings by selective extractions Organic materiala Extractant Fe oxideb Mn oxideb Al oxideb Surf Conc Removal Surf Conc Removal Surf ... exhibited an X- ray diffraction pattern that suggested an amorphous structure Biogenic Mn oxides were prepared via biologically catalyzed oxidation of Mn(II) by the bacterium Leptothrix discophora...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Nanoparticle Embedded Conducting Polymer–Polyoxometalate Composites" doc
... region 2,000–400 cm-1 with 32 scans by using KBr pellet mode Powder X- ray diffraction patterns were recorded using a SHIMADZU XD-D1 diffractometer using a Ni-filtered Cu Ka radiation ˚ (k = 1.5418 ... 17 size distributions were calculated and represented in the insets of Fig 4a, b Both the composites exhibited a broad distribution of mesopores ranging from nm to 43 nm The average pore sizes ... nanoparticles In particular, the synthesized nanocomposites exhibited embedded metal nanoparticles in the polymer matrix Furthermore, the method can be extended to the synthesis of other conducting...
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Design, synthesis and applications of Metal Organic Frameworks
... orange; C, gray, N, blue; in (b), M, purple; O, red; C, gray Structures were drawn using single-crystal X- ray diffraction data.)30 High-symmetry MOFs based on benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acids MOF-5 ... MOFs reported exhibit highly symmetric framework structures (e.g., cubic) that result from the use of rigid, symmetric aromatic di- or tricarboxylic acids, or mixtures of dicarboxylic acids and ... been omitted for clarity (In (a), M, orange; C, gray, N, blue; in (b), M, purple; O, red; C, gray Structures were drawn using single-crystal X- ray diffraction data.)30 15 Figure The structure...
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terrestrial biotic ligand model (tblm) for copper, and nickel toxicities to plants, invertebrates, and microbes in soils
... Appendix A 211 Appendix B 223 Appendix C 289 Appendix D 293 Appendix E 306 ix Appendix F 309 Appendix G ... magnitude from the values in the absence of their competition The significance of this reduction in xxiii metal toxicities by these major cations is currently not incorporated in models for ecotoxicities ... inner sphere complex between the hydroxometal complex and the negatively charged de-protonated surface Studies on sorption of metals by synthetic oxides have revealed that the oxides have significant...
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DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF METAL COMPLEXES AND COORDINATION POLYMERS FOR 2+2 PHOTO CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS
... Table of Contents VI Summary XII List of Tables XV List of Figures XVI List of Schemes XXII List of Abbreviations XXIII Publications XXV List of conferences and workshops XXVII Chapter 1: Introduction ... single-crystal-to-single-crystal spy 4-styrylpyridine SXRD Single crystal X- ray diffraction t triplet TGA Thermogravimetric analysis UV Ultraviolet PXRD Powder X- ray diffraction XXIV Publications Medishetty, R., Koh, ... 1,3-bis(4’-pyridyl)-2,4-bis(phenyl)cyclobutane PXRD X- ray powder diffraction rctt regio-cis, trans, trans rtct regio-trans, cis, trans RT Room temperature s singlet XXIII SBU Secondary Building Unit SCSC...
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Computational study of adsorption and diffusion in metal organic frameworks
... BDC Benzene Dicarboxylate BTC Benzene Tricarboxylate BPDC BiPhenyl DiCarboxylate PDC Pyrene DiCarboxylate DoE Department of Energy MMOFs Microporous Metal Organic Materials xii SWNT Single Walled ... in IBU/MIL-101 and 197 IBU/UMCM-1 complexes A coordination bond is formed between the carboxylic group in IBU and the Cr3O metal oxide in MIL-101 183 190 xxi Figure 9.7 Figure 9.8 Optimized conformations ... have been synthesized Compared to other solid-state matters such as zeolites, carbons and oxides, a number of MOFs are known to exhibit high framework flexibility and shrinkage/expansion due to...
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Fabrication, characterization and application of metal tetraaminophthalocyanine polymer nanostructures
... 0.60 0x1 0 -3 0.35 0x1 0 -3 I (A) 0.10 0x1 0 -3 First scan -0.15 0x1 0 -3 -0.40 0x1 0 -3 -0.250 0.250 0.500 0.750 1.000 E (V) NiTAPc 1mM in 50 ml DMSO -2 -0.20 0x1 0 -2 -0.15 0x1 0 -2 -0.10 0x1 0 -2 -0.05 0x1 0 ... oxidation, a gradual increase in both anodic and cathodic peak currents was observed CuTAPc 1mM in 50 ml DMSO -3 -0.75 0x1 0 -0.50 0x1 0-3 -0.25 0x1 0-3 I (A) First scan 0.25 0x1 0-3 0.50 0x1 0-3 0.75 0x1 0-3 ... -2 -0.20 0x1 0 -2 -0.15 0x1 0 -2 -0.10 0x1 0 -2 -0.05 0x1 0 I (A) -2 0.05 0x1 0 First scan -2 0.10 0x1 0 -2 0.15 0x1 0 -2 0.20 0x1 0 -2 0.25 0x1 0 -0.250 0.250 0.500 0.750 1.000 E (V) Figure 2.8 Repetitive Cyclic...
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ALUMINIUM ALLOYS NEW TRENDS IN FABRICATION AND APPLICATIONS_2 pptx
... (energy dispersive X- ray spectroscopy) analysis EDS point analysis was used in the examinations The software allowed piloting of the beam, scanning along a surface or a line to obtain X- ray cartography ... be understood by an analysis of the AlCu binary phase diagram (Fig 11) [24] 4.3 EDX Analysis of Joints Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X- ray (EDX) analysis were per formed ... dispersive X- ray spectroscopy) analysis EDS point analysis was used in the examinations The software allowed piloting the beam to scan along a surface or a line so as to obtain X- ray cartography...
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ALUMINIUM ALLOYS NEW TRENDS IN FABRICATION AND APPLICATIONS_1 potx
... values are ΔV/Vmax = 5x1 0-3 and ΔV/Vmin = 2.5.10-3 for speci‐ men A1 and ΔV/Vmax = 7x1 0-3 and ΔV/Vmin = 3x1 0-3 for specimen A4, respectively No substantial difference in the average size of the nanopores ... determined by small-angle X- ray scattering and dilatometry were about the same; e.g the fractional volume ΔV/Vmin = 3x1 0-3 by (SAXS) of specimen A4 agreed very well with ΔV/Vmin = 2. 5x1 0-3 as determined ... after ECAP passes and subsequent creep exposure TEM analysis revealed that the average (sub)grain size in‐ creases from ~ 0.4 um to ~ 1.3 μm after creep exposure The (sub)grain growth was effected...
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the welding of aluminium and its alloys
... • AC XXX – Al Cu AC XXX – Al SiMgTi AC XXX – Al Si7Mg AC XXX – Al Si10Mg AC 4 XXX – Al Si AC XXX – Al Si5Cu AC XXX – Al Si9Cu AC XXX – Al Si(Cu) AC XXX – Al SiCuNiMg AC XXX – Al Mg AC XXX – Al ... AW 1XXX – commercially pure aluminium AW 2XXX – aluminium–copper alloys AW 3XXX – aluminium–manganese alloys AW 4XXX – aluminium–silicon alloys AW 5XXX – aluminium–magnesium alloys AW 6XXX – ... aluminium–magnesium–silicon alloys AW 7XXX – aluminium–zinc–magnesium alloys AW 8XXX – other elements e.g lithium, iron AW 9XXX – no alloy groups assigned Except in the case of the commercially...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Comparison of nickel silicide and aluminium ohmic contact metallizations for low-temperature quantum transport measurements" docx
... phosphorus into the silicon lattice [18] After encapsulating with 30 nm of epitaxial silicon, the sample was removed from UHV to be processed into Hall bar structures This process is known to result ... prevent oxidation [21] The sample was then annealed to 350°C in N2 for 30 to yield the NiSi phase [15] The unreacted nickel and titanium were removed with a sulphuric acid- hydrogen peroxide etch ... small peak resulting from weak localization within the δ-layer, and can be fitted with the Hikami model as shown Figure 1b shows the large resistance peak around B = that results from the formation...
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RECENT TRENDS IN PROCESSING AND DEGRADATION OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS_1 docx
... isolate was obtained The intermetallic particles from the powder extract were identified by using X- ray diffraction analysis The X- ray diffraction analysis of the powder was performed using a diffractometer ... Al7Cu4Ni (a,c) and Al3(CuFeNi)2 (b,d) extracted from the AlCu4Ni2Mg2 alloy along with EDS spectra (e,f) Fig 20 The X- ray diffraction from the particles extracted from AlCu4Ni2Mg2 alloy 38 Recent Trends ... dark field (b) The results of the SEM/EDS analysis of the particles extracted with boiling phenol from AlCu4Ni2Mg2 alloy (Fig 19) were compared with X- ray diffraction pattern (Fig 20) The observed...
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RECENT TRENDS IN PROCESSING AND DEGRADATION OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS_2 docx
... alloys is most evident in members of the high strength alloys of the 2xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx and 8xxx and most particularly the 2xxx series alloys where alloy additions are required to obtain the high ... wrought AA7xxx alloys is good, approaching that of the wrought AA3xxx, AA5xxx and AA6xxx alloys The coppercontaining alloys of the AA7xxx series, such as 7049, 7050, 7075, and 7178 have lower resistance ... et al 2009) The AA7xxx wrought alloys are anodic to AA1xxx wrought aluminium and to other aluminium alloys Resistance to general corrosion of the copper-free wrought AA7xxx alloys is good, approaching...
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ALUMINIUM ALLOYS, THEORY AND APPLICATIONS_2 pdf
... temperatures 400 (a) 250 Nf = 200 x 10 x 10 150 x 10 (b) 350 stress amplitude (MPa) stress amplitude (MPa) 300 300 Nf = 250 x 10 x 10 200 x 10 x 10 c = -0.37 150 x 10 x 10 peak-aged AA6110 as-quenched ... rolled 400 300 250 Nf = 200 x 10 x 10 150 c = -0.22 x 10 (b) 350 stress amplitude (MPa) stress amplitude (MPa) (a) Nf = 300 x 10 250 x 10 200 x 10 c = -0.50 x 10 150 x 10 x 10 100 deep rolled peak-aged ... rolled condition were characterized by X- ray diffraction methods Depth profiles of residual stresses, full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of the X- ray diffraction peaks and microhardness near...
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ALUMINIUM ALLOYS, THEORY AND APPLICATIONS_1 ppsx
... Subgrains are equiaxial with average size dsg ~ 2,2 μm Substructure after 12th ECAP pass is equiaxial with low misorientation and average subgrain size dsg ~ μm (Fig 20) Average subgrain size in dependence ... the calculation precision) These data can be derived either from database program or from experimental achieved stress-strain curve Experimental stress-strain curve can easily be determined by ... al., 1994) as DRX and as SRX Less pure aluminium very slowly recrystallized with comparison of 99,999% pure aluminium (Kim et al., 2003); (Kim et al., 2007) From the literature analysis is resulting...
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Tài liệu Nickel and ITS Alloys ppt
... atmospheres can be checked for excessive sulfur by heating a small test piece of the material, for example, 13 mm (!/2 in.) diameter rod or 13 mm X 25 mm (l/2 in X in.) flat bar, to the required ... excess of fuel so that the products of combustion contain at least 4%, preferably 6%, of carbon monoxide plus hydrogen The atmosphere should not be permitted to alternate from reducing to oxidizing; ... carburization, oxidation /resistance Add Cr got I ™$( high-temperature Nl iscr 8Fe -«-strength resistanceNl ibLr yhe to oxidizing | media / / Add Mo for resistance to reducing acids, halogens / / Alloy X...
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