... cyclase-activating polypeptide I and II receptors, vasoactiveintestinal peptide1 , and chimeric amino-terminal pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide /vasoactive intestinal peptide1 receptors: ... novel receptor for vasoactiveintestinalpeptide Neuron 8, 811–819 10 Theriault, Y., Boulanger, Y & St Pierre, S (1991) Structural determination of the vasoactiveintestinalpeptide by two-dimensional ... study of vasoactiveintestinalpeptide by computational methods J Peptide Res 50, 55–64 12 Groossens, J.F., Cotelle, P., Chavatte, P & Henichart, J.P (1996) NMR study of the five N-terminal peptide...
... acini and experimental pancreatitis has previously been reported [16] Vasoactiveintestinalpeptide (VIP) is a neuroimmunopeptide with several actions on exocrine glands In addition to inducing ... 56:3588-3600 Delgado M, Garrido E, Martinez C, Leceta J, Gomariz RP: Vasoactiveintestinalpeptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptides (PACAP27) and PACAP38) protect CD4+CD8+ thymocytes ... glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis Blood 1996, 87:5152-5161 Delgado M, Ganea D: Vasoactiveintestinalpeptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide inhibit expression of Fas ligand in activated T lymphocytes...
... transport of vasoactiveintestinal polypeptide (VIP) in nerves of the cat Acta Physiol Scand 1981, 112:427-36 44 Said SI: Vasoactiveintestinal polypeptide (VIP): current status Peptides 1984, ... W: Vasoactiveintestinalpeptide gene alterations in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension Eur J Hum Genet 2007, 15:18-22 38 Opstad PK: The plasma vasoactiveintestinalpeptide ... JM, Pearse AG: Vasoactiveintestinalpeptide and waterydiarrhoea syndrome Lancet 1973, 2:14-6 41 Gyöngyösi M, Németh J, Várkonyi T: Elevated levels of plasma vasoactiveintestinalpeptide in human...
... Leibowitz SF (1985) Paraventricular nucleus injections of peptide YY and neuropeptide Y preferentially enhance carbohydrate ingestion Peptides 6, 1205–1211 Mumford AD, Parry LJ & Summerlee AJ ... picomolar range and are similar to the effective doses of other orexigenic peptides such as ghrelin (30 pmol; intraPVN) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) (78 pmol; intraPVN) [45,46] Although RXFP3 and RXFP1 ... the group of neuropeptides that regulate energy homeostasis and reproduction (i.e modulate both appetite and the HPG axis) This group includes NPY, orexin and galanin-like peptides [51–54] Conclusions...
... cho chuỗi peptide cấu hình không gian có độ bền cao 1.2 Cách gọi tên phân loại peptide Căn vào số amino acid peptide để gọi tên peptide, có amino acid gọi dipeptide, amino acid gọi tripeptide, ... đoạn ngắn chuỗi polypeptide bỏ qua giai đoạn cắt chuỗi polypeptide thành peptide nhỏ mà tách phân lập phương pháp điện di hay sắc ký để tách riêng peptide Sau tách riêng peptide người ta tiến ... xác định peptide Có số phương pháp tách phân lập xác định thành phần, số lượng trình tự amino acid peptide Nguyên tắc chung phương pháp tách phân lập xác định peptide protein Tuy nhiên peptide...
... and peptides, 120 for RNase A), and were continually aerated After cessation of photolysis, catalase (Sigma, bovine liver, lgặmL)1 for BSA, 50 lgặmL)1 for lysozyme and RNase A, 250 lgặmL)1 for peptides) ... peroxides (Eur J Biochem 269) 1919 Fig Thermal decay of peptide peroxides over time at 37 C in the absence or presence of added GAPDH Peptide peroxide samples were generated as described in Fig ... peroxides was slower than that induced by the peptide peroxides at Fig Inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase on incubation with H2O2, and peptide- and protein-peroxides, in the presence...
... pleiotropic effects of antimicrobial peptides on various aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, these peptides have been proposed to be renamed as host defense peptides [6,7] Both antimicrobial ... 96-well cell culture plates, 10 lL peptides in serial twofold dilutions were added in duplicate The MIC value of each peptide was determined as the lowest peptide concentration that gave no visible ... was calculated as [1 ) (Fpeptide ) Fbackground) ⁄ (Facetic acid ) Fbackground)] · 100, where Fpeptide is the fluorescence of cells exposed to different concentrations of peptides, Facetic acid is...
... expressed in the apical membranes of intestinal (PEPT1) and renal (PEPT1 or PEPT2) epithelial cells Absorption of intact di- and tri-peptides and related mimetics at the intestinal epithelium or their ... requirements of H+ /peptide symporters It shows that phosphonodipeptides interact with mammalian PEPT1 and PEPT2 with high affinity It does not necessarily mean that the phosphonodipeptide is actually ... antibacterial phosphonodipeptide alafosfalin interacts with both mammalian H+ /peptide symporters with high affinity PEPT1 and PEPT2 not seem to differentiate very much between a dipeptide and its derivative...
... specificity of E51 sequence in the peptide form (pepE51) To assess the reactivity and isozyme-specificity of E51 (PPPYSFYQSRWV) in peptide form, biotinylated peptides for E51 (pepE51) or E51 in ... gray 0.3 0.2 pepE51QN 0.1 0 Peptide (µM) Fig Analysis of the reactivity of E51 sequence in the peptide form (A) The time-dependent incorporation of lM biotinylated peptide E51 (pepE51) into spermine, ... substrate peptide for TGase A TGase B pepK5 Guinea pig liver TGase (TGase 2) 0.6 pepT26 Absorbance 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 pepE51 0.1 0.4 0.3 pepE51 0.2 0.1 pepE51QN 0 pepE51QN C Peptide (µM) Peptide (µM)...
... Luo et al prepro-insulin-like polypeptide that contains a signal peptide, a B-chain, a C -peptide and an A-chain After removal of the signal peptide and the C -peptide, prepro-INSL3 is converted ... to secrete the peptide from the transformed yeast cells The single-chain INSL3 precursor was shown to possess near-full RXFP2 receptor activity The short, eight-residue linking peptide between ... molecular mass determined by MS Peptide mapping of the refolded single-chain INSL3 precursor The refolded INSL3 precursor was first digested by trypsin (enzyme ⁄ peptide mass ratio : 10) at 37...
... of this peptide and also produced several other peptides with 3(S)Hyp in the Xaa position All of these newly synthesized peptides formed a triple-helical structure We confirmed that a peptide ... refolding of these model peptides in detail In order to evaluate the thermodynamic properties of 3(S)Hyp-containing collagen model peptides, a series of peptides with nine tripeptide units comprising ... transition curve for peptide Ac-(Gly3(S)Hyp-4(R)Hyp)10-NH2 (Fig 2) The ellipticity of the peptide was positive even after the transition at 95 °C Therefore, the characteristics of peptide Ac-(Gly-3(S)Hyp-4(R)Hyp)10-NH2...
... grey N-BK peptide, C-BK peptide and the BK-containing peptide (BK -peptide) were flanked by a donor-acceptor pair: a fluorescent N-terminal Abz group and a C-terminal 3-NO2-Tyr quencher Peptides ... or Advanced Chemtech (Cambridge, UK) N-BK peptide, C-BK peptide and BKpeptide were prepared by Fmoc chemistry on an automated solid phase peptide synthesizer (ABI model 431 A, Applied Biosystems, ... C-terminal 3-NO2-Tyr quencher Peptides were synthesized as peptidyl-amides (B) N-BK peptide, C-BK peptide, BK -peptide and kinins (BK, Lys-BK, and des-Arg9BK) were incubated with the enzyme, and...
... volume of ~80 μl Super-fusion was performed for Figure Immunohistochemistry of human neutrophil peptides 1-3 (HNP1-3) and human β-defensin (HBD 2) in the synovial lining and sublining area of ... The levels of HNP1-3 increased over time, Figure Double immunofluorescence of human neutrophil peptides 1-3 (HNP1-3) and human β-defensin (HBD 2) in synovial tissue of an RA patient Arrowheads ... defensins from synovial tissue/cells and density of synovial neutrophils (a) Levels of human neutrophil peptides 1-3 (HNP1-3) in superfusate of synovial tissue of two patients with rheumatoid arthritis...
... decreases in macrocirculatory flow [6] In addition, intestinal villi perfusion is highly heterogeneous, as suggested by the wide range of intestinal surface oxygen saturation [7] In patients ... remained unaltered [26] Adrenergic drugs The choice of vasoactive drugs in sepsis and septic shock is controversial There is no evidence that any one vasoactive drug is more effective or safer than ... before it may be routinely used in septic shock Other vasoactive drugs Vasopressin and terlipressin Physiologically, vasopressin (a nonapeptide that is released from the neurohypophysis) plays...
... correlate to disturbed intestinal permeability and absorption capacity in septic patients is a modified and destroyed intestinal mucosal architecture that is quantifiable by intestinal mucosal damage ... results in: - Attenuated intestinal production of hypoxanthine (indicator of cellular energy failure); - Decreased intestinal lactulose/L-rhamnose ratio (measure of intestinal permeability); ... without EHNA application (LPS group), the intestinal production of hypoxanthine increased from 9.8 ± 90.2 μmol/l at baseline to 411.4 ± 124.6 Table Intestinal mucosal damage grading score Grade...
... Creutzfeldt W: Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide [7–36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus J Clin Invest ... this study was to determine whether exogenous GLP-1 attenuates the glycaemic response to small intestinal nutrient infusion in critically ill patients not previously known to be diabetic Materials ... mmol/l vs placebo 7.6 ± 0.6 mmol/l; P = not significant (NS)) Prior to the commencement of the small intestinal nutrient infusion (t = 30 min) GLP-1 had no effect on blood glucose On both days, there...
... little higher peptide/ lipid ratio (1:2) compared with other peptides, considering that only less than 1% (0.77%) of active peptide, the peptide/ lipid ratio for V4 is low to 1:260 (peptide/ LUVs= ... antimicrobial peptides From a peptide concentration of 0.05 µM to µM, polymyxin B generated similar penetration Further addition of peptide induced slight increase in ∆π compared with the lower peptide ... penetration experiments, peptide was mostly present at higher amounts than lipids Antimicrobial peptides induced monolayer saturation at a certain peptide concentration Extra peptide kept the increased...
... Model of Colitis 5! 1.2.! The Role of Immune Response in Intestinal Inflammation 5! 1.3.! The Role of Intestinal Epithelium in Intestinal Inflammation 7! 1.4.! Mitogen-Activated Protein ... the shift in intestinal microbial content, breakdown of the protective barrier of the intestinal epithelia and/or a dysregulation in the immune system 4,11 The composition of the intestinal microflora ... contribute to its ability to spread within the intestinal mucosa and trigger chronic inflammatory response 13 Besides the intestinal microflora, the loss of intestinal epithelial integrity and function...