... HDP and IDR-peptides can influence MAPK pathways and selectively modulate pathogen -induced NF-B regulation [3,15,16,49] IL-1b -induced JNKandp38MAPK are critical in the induction of MMPs and ... inhibited IL-1b -induced activationofJNKandp38MAPK The network-based interrogation of the proteomics data indicated that members of the JNK pathways (for example, MAPK8 , MAPK8 IP1) were modulated by ... IL-1bmediated activationof NF-B, MAPK p38, and JNK, suppressed IL-1b -induced MMP-3 and MCP-1 production, but did not neutralize the production of all chemokines that are required for resolution of infections...
... cytoplasm and can now translocate into the nucleus Activationof the alternative NF-jB pathway is independent of IKK2 and NEMO and requires degradation of TRAF proteins and subsequent activationof ... of the kinase activity of the IKK complex and proteolytic degradation of IjB proteins The alternative NF-jB pathway is activated by a limited subgroup of TNF ligands and involves activationof ... DNA-binding of NF-jB (EMSA) No or at best traces (< 10% of wild-type) of TNF -induced IKK activationand IL-6 induction Minor (10–30% of wild-type) but significant TNF -induced IKK activation Moderately...
... Strikingly, ATL could induce JNK phosphorylation without effect on ERK andp38MAPK activity ATL inhibits LPS -induced ERK andp38MAPKactivation ATL inhibits LPS -induced NF-B and AP-1 DNA binding activity ... 100 nM ATL that had been added 30 before activation Levels of ERK and phosphorylated ERK (A), p38and phosphorylated p38 (B), andJNKand phosphorylated JNK (C) were analyzed using western blotting ... the MAPK pathway, we examined the effects of ATL on LPS -induced phosphorylation of ERK, p38MAPKandJNK in BV-2 microglia by western blot analysis Cells were pretreated with 100 nM ATL for 30 and...
... H, Poole AR: Comparison of the degradation of type II collagen and proteoglycan in nasal and articular cartilages induced by interleukin-1 and the selective inhibition of type II collagen cleavage ... inversion delays of 16.7, 33.3, 50, 66.7, 100, 150, 250, 400, and 600 ms Both pulse sequences used a time-to-echo of 8.5 ms, section thicknesses of 0.5 mm, in-plane resolutions of 100 µm, and two averages, ... direct consequence of the inherently destructive nature of histologic and biochemical methods; these techniques therefore not permit monitoring of the spatial and temporal evolution of matrix macromolecules...
... production and release of active IL -1β [13] In this model, the second phase of the inflammatory response is driven by the IL -1β/ IL-1R pathway with activationof an MyD88-dependent signal- Page of (page ... manner with production and release of active IL -1β [13] In this model, the second phase of the inflammatory response is driven by IL -1β/ IL-1R signaling and MyD88-dependent NF-κB activation [14] Consequently, ... to activate neutrophils and for their content of IL -1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and caspase-1 The concentration of MSU crystals we used (1 mg/mL) had been found to be optimal beforehand on a limited dose-response...
... 99% of SIRC cells infected at an MOI of (Fig 2) MTT assays to evaluate the cytopathogenicity of HSV-1 revealed decreased viability at 48 hpi in 23 and 36% of SIRC cells infected at MOIs ofand ... pro-survival ΔN and the pro-apoptotic TA isoforms, stress signals that alter the expression of p63 may cause profound alterations in the viability of the ocular cells and in the tissue homeostasis of the ... quantities of Bax-β in cells infected at MOIs ofand 10 were 6.42 and 8.31, respectively) (Fig 4; lanes 24 and 25) At the 48-h time point, the HSV-1-infected SIRC cultures displayed elevated levels of...
... determinant for Met and EGFR activation in A431 cells Adhesion -induced activationof Met and EGFR in A431 cells is independent of Src, ROS, or cytoskeleton Adhesion -induced activationof RTKs has been ... P< 0.05 Results Ligand-independent activationof Met and EGFR confers proliferative and invasive advantages to A431 cells Ligand-independent activationof RTKs as a result of gene mutation or ... adhesion -induced activationof Met and EGFR cannot be attributed to Src activation, production of reactive oxygen species, and the integrity of the cytoskeleton In addition, we demonstrate that Met and...
... and accelerating the death of virus producing cells on the other The data presented here provide proof of concept for a drug induced killing of HIV producing cells, but more potent inducers of ... protocols and Determination of direct antiviral activity and cytotoxicity MT4-LTR-EGFP cells were seeded at a density of 1.5 × 105 cells/ml and infected with HIV-1IIIB at a multiplicity of infection of ... to the C-terminus of a chimeric receptor consisting of the extracellular part of the erythropoietin receptor and the intracellular part of the leptin receptor incapable of STAT activation The prey...
... importance of PAK and FAK in cell motility and LPA -induced FAK activation via RhoA or Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) [19], there has been no direct evidence showing the roles of PAK activation on LPA -induced ... Rac and Cdc42 during LPA -induced cell spreading [33], while not being involved in sphingolipid -induced PAK1 activation [34], and PI3K activation is shown to be necessary for LPA -induced Rac activation ... mutants of each of Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA to assess the involvement of Rho family members in LPA -induced PAK1 activation N17Rac1- or N17Cdc42-transfected cells showed reduced activationof PAK1...
... immunohistochemistry studies and participated in the interpretation of data and revising manuscript draft FC, FL and FD participated in the design of the study, interpretation of data and revision of manuscript ... antagonists of the classical cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, antagonists of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 and inhibitors of PPAR-g receptors; 2) leukocyte transmigration in a model of BBB; and 3) ... model of human MS, which closely resembles the chronic and progressive clinical form of the disease [8] The endocannabinoid system (ECS), consists of endogenous ligands (AEA and 2-AG) and congeners,...
... features of cel- Figure Effects of resveratrol and curcumin and IL -1β on the viability and proliferation of primary chondrocytes in vitro To evaluate the effect of curcumin, vitro resveratrol and/ or ... the degradation and ubiquitination of IκBα We now further evaluated the effect of resveratrol on IL -1β- induced IKK activation, which is required for IL -1β- induced phosphorylation of IκBα The Figure ... phosphorylation of IκBα, we then evaluated whether curcumin has an effect on IL -1β- induced IKK activation, which is required for IL -1β- induced phosphorylation of IκBα Curcumin completely suppressed IL -1β- induced...
... N-terminal kinases (JNK1 ⁄ ⁄ 3), p38 proteins (p38a ⁄ b ⁄ c ⁄ d) and ERK5, which are activated by distinct sets of stimuli [1–4] Of particular importance to this study is the JNK family of MAPKs, which ... 2–3 and 4– 5) Notably, JSP1 seemed to stimulate preferentially the phosphorylation of the p46 isoform of JNK, whereas sorbitol treatment induced phosphorylation of both the p46 and p55 isoforms ... stimulus and cellular context, the JNK pathway has been implicated in both apoptosis and cell survival [9] The duration and extent ofMAPKactivation depends not only on the activity of kinases,...
... furin-mediated activationof transmembrane substrates The activationof ADAM17 by furin [68] and our observation of an interaction between GRASP55 and the ICD of ADAM17 (C Roghi and L Jones, unpublished ... Roghi et al Role of GRASP55 in MT1-MMP activation ting that the disruption of the interaction between MT1-MMP and GRASP55 could affect the activationof the protease Taken together, and having been ... (lane 2), MT1/MYC and GRASP55F and 0.5 lg EGFP-furin ICD (lane 3) or MT1/MYC and GRASP55F and 1.0 lg of EGFP-furin ICD (lane 4) were immunoprecipitated with the FLAG antibody and the associated...
... phosphorylated ERK, p38andJNK (p-ERK, p -p38 and p -JNK) and total ERK, p38andJNK (tERK, tp38 and tJNK) (B) The ratio of phosphorylated to total ERK (p44 ⁄ 42), p38andJNK at each time point The data ... activity of ERK, p38and SAPK ⁄ JNK, the three major members of the MAPK family, in LPS-treated SCs Briefly, as illustrated in Fig 5A, phosphorylation ofp38and SAPK ⁄ JNK appeared at 30 min, and ... infiltration of blood-borne monocytes and contributes to the development of PNS neuropathy A B Fig Activationof MAPKs in LPS-stimulated SCs (A) Immunoblots were probed for phosphorylated ERK, p38and JNK...
... sustained activationof Rac induced increased ROS formation as well as activationof ERK1,2, whereas no effects on JNKandp38MAPK activities were observed Moreover, Rac -induced upregulation of TIMP-1 ... as p38 MAPK, JNKand cPLA2 are not likely to be involved Given the well-established roles of (a) AP-1 in regulating the transcription of numerous genes, and (b) of TIMP-1 as an inhibitor of tumor ... results suggest that Rac -induced and AP-1mediated upregulation of TIMP-1 requires both ROS and ERK1,2, whereas JNKandp38MAPK are not likely to be involved Moreover, Rac -induced TIMP-1 expression...
... expressed [16], and also affects the type of cellular response that is evoked [17,18] Activationof ERK is required for proliferation of fibroblasts [19] and constitutive ERK activation frequently ... between the MAPKand PKC signalling modules in a quantitative manner and found that they affect each other in multiple ways EGF stimulation and PKC activation caused a synergistic activationof ERK ... NaCl/Pi and washed Fig Biphasic ERK-PP time profile induced by EGF or PMA alone and synergistic ERK phosphorylation induced by EGF and PMA together Cells were serum-starved for three days and subsequently...
... expression andactivationof the JNK pathway (E), release of insulin (F) andactivationof the p3 8MAPK and p53 pathways (G) were assessed Data are means ± SEM (n = independent experiments) *P < 0.05 and ... NIT-1 cells induced by d-glucose Suppression of NOX2 substantially restores dysfunction and apoptosis of NIT-cells D-glucose -induced P3 8MAPK and p53 mediate the apoptosis of NIT-1 cells induced by ... Fig Effects of siRNA-NOX2 on D-glucose -induced production of ROS and dysfunction and apoptosis of NIT-1 cells (A) Effects on D-glucose -induced ROS generation of various inhibitors of ROS-generating...
... coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis [21,22] Therefore, a better understanding of the regulation of the expression of the apoCIII gene is of major importance for the treatment of dyslipidaemia ... Colocalization of ZNHIT-1 and Rev-erbb in Hela cells (A) Nuclear localization of GFP-Rev-erbb (B) Colocalization of RFPZNHIT-1 and GFP-Rev-erbb (C) Effect of Rev-erbb on the localization of the ZNHIT-1 ... unidentified ligands which may regulate the activity of Rev-erbb and control the recruitment of different cofactors The mechanism by which ZNHIT-1 removes the Rev-erbb -induced inhibition of transcription...
... effect of compound was stronger than that of compound 1, the original hit from random screening Our results showed that compounds and attenuated the apoptosis and cell death of primary neurons induced ... indicative of an apoptosis ratio of 4.73% As the duration of treatment increased to 48 and 72 h, the ratio increased to 19.91% and 31.71% In contrast, apoptosis ratios were 4.01% and 4.09% when ... isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione and its derivatives protected the growth of axons and dendrites of neurons treated with Ab(25–35) and attenuated neuronal apoptosis Moreover, the protection afforded by the derivatives of...
... sequence of GOA-1 is 82.2% identical to that of Gao Although the similarity of the aA–aE region and the region upstream of a4 was relatively low, the N-terminal region (aN–a1), the aF–aG region and ... expressed only in the pharynx and controls pharyngeal pumping [40], indicating that the side effect of the activationof GAR-3 is limited Furthermore, the phenotype of gar-3 loss -of- function mutants is ... that M2 in the GOA-1 fusion protein is functional, and the ligand-binding properties agree with that of the Gai1 fusion protein Activationof GOA-1 by muscarinic agonists Agonist-bound GPCRs...