... corresponding word sequence (or with POS) can be directly derived Take segmentation for example, a character assigned a tag s or a subsequence of words assigned a tag sequence bm∗ e indicates aword Automatic ... annotation adaptation strategy 5.2 Adaptation for Segmentation and Tagging Table also lists the results of annotation adaptation experiments For word segmentation, the model after annotation adaptation ... Philadelphia, USA Hal Daum´ III and Daniel Marcu 2006 Domain adape tation for statistical classifiers In Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research Hal Daum´ III 2007 Frustratingly easy domain adape tation...
... Cross-over: id1 = 011 id2 = 0 01 010 1 → id1 = 011 1 011 fit(id1) = 0.464 10 11 → id2 = 0 010 101 fit(id2) = 0.255 Mutation: → id2 = 0 010 011 fit(id2) = 0.704 id2 = 0 010 101 (Nhà nước # xây # cao ốc # thương ... Fourth Annual Symposium on Document Analysis and Information Retrieval (SDAIR’95) [1] L D Baker, A K Mccallum 19 98 Distributional clustering of [16 ] Yiming Yang, 19 99 An evaluation of Statistical Approaches ... segmentation approach based on 17 2 the idea of Naïve Bayes approach ( [1] ) The testing corpus consists ofa set of documents, D= {d1 , d2 ,…,dn}, where each document will be labeled with a unique category...
... sub-models are trained and used as additional features of the outside-layer linear model We used SRI Language Modelling Toolkit (Stolcke and Andreas, 2002) to train a 3gram word LM with modified Kneser-Ney ... any useful knowledge can be incorporated into the perceptron directly, besides the characterbased features already adopted Additional features most widely used are related to word or POS ngrams ... Philadelphia, USA John Lafferty, Andrew McCallum, and Fernando Pereira 20 01 Conditional random fields: Probabilistic models for segmenting and labeling sequence data In Proceedings of the 18 th...
... outperformed pipelined systems (Ng and Low, 2004; Jiang et al., 200 8a; Zhang and Clark, 2008) 2.2 Character-Based and Word- Based Methods Two kinds ofapproaches are popular for joint wordsegmentation and ... presented a theoretical and empirical comparative analysis of character-based and word- based methods for Chinese wordsegmentation We showed that the two methods produced different distributions ofsegmentation ... sub -word tagging 3 .1 Method Architecture In our stacked sub -word model, joint wordsegmentation and POS tagging is decomposed into two steps: (1) coarse-grained wordsegmentation and tagging, and...
... 2009 Automatic adaptation of annotation standards: Chinese wordsegmentation and POS tagging – a case study In Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the ... internal structures Our parsing algorithm also has to be adapted accordingly Such distinction was not made in Zhao’s parsing model and algorithm Many researchers have also noticed the awkwardness and ... the accuracy of labeled precision 14 11 and recall is not very informative because our parser takes raw sentences as input, and its output includes a lot of easy cases like wordsegmentation and...
... bigram should be added depends on the variation of misclassification function caused by adding it If adding a bigram makes the misclassification function become smaller, it should be added with ... 377-404 Andreas Stolcke 19 98 Entropy-based Pruning of Backoff Language Models In Proc of DARPA News Transcription and Understanding Workshop, pages 270-274 Maosong Sun and Benjamin K Tsou 20 01A Review ... base model approaches to that using the full-bigram model Gradually, none bigram can be added into the current base model At that time, the model stops growing, and reaches its saturation state...
... strategy as described in the paragraph above Japanese WordSegmentation 4 .1 WordSegmentation as a Classication Task Many tasks in natural language processing can be formulated as a classication ... one of Japanese character set standards, enumerates 6,879 characters We use here four characters to decide aword boundary A set of the attributes ofẵ ãẵ , and ãắ is used to predict the label of ... clear that the approach is readily applicable to tasks which have more than 10 0,000 features and more than 10 0,000 examples We use Japanese wordsegmentation as a test case The task is suitable...
... Kotsikau D, Ivanovskaya M, Orlik D and Falasconi M 2004 Sensor Actuat B1 01 199 Rumyantseva M et al 2006 Sensor Actuat B 118 208 Sorescu M, Diamandescu L, Tarabasanu-Mihaila D, Teodorescu V S and Howard ... water and absolute ethanol respectively, and finally dried in air at 60°C The XRD pattern of prepared powder sample was collected using a Rigaku D/ Max-2200PC X-ray diffractometer using CuKα radiation ... image and the corresponding SAED pattern Like the XRD profile, the HRTEM image and the SAED pattern may also be indexed to hexagonal phase of α-Fe2O3 The observed lattice spacings of 0⋅370 and...
... 18 1. 4 Ảnh hưởng bệnh thận đến thai nghén 18 1. 4 .1 Đẻ non 18 1. 4.2 Thai suy dinh d ỡng 18 1. 4.3 Sảy thai, thai lưu 19 1. 4.4 Tử vong mẹ thai nhi 19 1. 5 ... (Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure) MDRD : Công thức mức lọc cầu thận (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) MLT : Mổ lấy thai RFI ... 23/4/08 N04 /19 1 11 8 Nguyễn Thị T 24 NT Nga Thúy - Nga sơn - Thanh H a 18 /10 /08 N17/52 11 9 Nguyễn Thị T 29 NT Bạch Đằng - Hai Bà Trưng - hà Nội 11 /11 /08 082/38 12 0 Nguyễn Thị T 29 CB Hai Bà Trưng...
... d ng chương (gần đúng) trình Thời 18 /2 /2008 13 46 ,15 19 /2 /2008 13 53,84 13 /3 /2008 13 53,84 14 /3 /2008 17 23,52 11 /4 /2008 14 50 12 /4 /2008 12 50 16 /4 /2008 14 42,85 26/4 /2008 12 41, 66 28/4 /2008 13 ... tham gia nhà văn có tiếng Jean Cocteau, Georges Girard, Angdre Maurois… Cũng có ý kiến cho phóng xuất Anh, Mỹ, Nga… Tuy nhiên có thực tế vào đầu kỷ XX, đặc biệt sau chiến tranh giới lần thứ (19 14 ... truyền hình sau Có thể thấy rõ mối liên hệ qua thước phim thời Tàu vào ga Lixiôta anh em nhà Luymier ( Pháp), Tinh thần Saint Louis anh em nhà William Fox ( Mỹ), Ca sỹ nhạc Jazz anh em nhà Warner (Mỹ)...
... truyền bố mẹ D xuất quần thể tự phối Câu 34: Trong trường hợp gen trội có lợi, phép lai tạo F1 có ưu lai cao : A aabbdd × AAbbDD B aaBBdd × aabbDD C AABbdd × AAbbdd D aabbDD × AABBdd Câu 35: Thể ... là: AAAaaaAaA X X , X X , X X X X B aa, Aa, aa Aa AAAaaaAA C Aa, aa, Aa Aa D X X , X X , X X X X Câu 32: Các giống trồng chủng A tạo phương pháp tự thụ phấn qua nhiều đời B có ... 0,45AA : 0,30Aa : 0,25aa Cho biết cá thể có kiểu gen aa khả sinh sản Tính theo lí thuyết, tỉ lệ kiểu gen thu F1 là: A 0,525AA : 0 ,15 0Aa : 0,325aa B 0,36AA : 0,24Aa : 0,40aa C 0,36AA : 0,48Aa :...
... connectives and discourse markers but not always appropriately Has a wide enough vocabulary to discuss topics at length and make meaning clear in spite of inappropriacies Generally paraphrase successfully ... positive (say something good rather than bad about that) ACTIVITY Read the questions/ answers in the cards Predict the answers/ questions Find your partner Practice questions and answers Do you ... One example is that + clause • Clause To illustrate, Clause Give reasons (Why?) • ….because + Clause • ….as + Clause • …because of some/ several/ a number of/ a range of reasons • Another reason...
... normal saline Blood glucose was respectively measured at 30min, 1h, 1. 5h, 2h, 2.5h and 3h after injection Statistical analysis Data were expressed as means ± standard deviations Data were analyzed ... is due to its rapid inactivation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV and by renal clearance Developing long-acting GLP -1 analogs (GLP -1- A) to circumvent the rapid inactivation and renal clearance of GLP -1 ... diabetes, and cardiovascular disease Diabetes 2007; 5: 11 98-209 Hu XB, Zhang YJ, Zhang HT, et al Cloning and expression of adiponectin and its globular domain, and measurement of the biological activity...
... genotypes among seropositive healthy controls Genotype Gab1 G/G G /A A /A G /A+ A /A Total PTPN11b Gab1 G /A+ A /A G/G G /A+ A /A G /A+ A /A G/G G/G G/G G /A+ A /A Total 296 (65.2) 15 8 (34.8) Gab1 polymophism and H ... reported previously that G/G of the PTPN 11 gene encoding SHP-2 increased the risk of gastric atrophy [18 ] Table shows the age-sex-adjusted ORs of the Gab1 and the combinations of PTPN 11 and Gab1 genotypes ... cagA is associated with an increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the stomach Cancer Res 19 95; 55: 211 1-5 Uemura N, Okamoto S, Yamamoto S, et al Helicobacter pylori infection and the development...
... nhanh chóng việc ông triển khai thực d nh nhanh Ngay vấn đề nhân thường đòi hỏi thận trọng Schrempp có định cứng rắn đến bất ngờ Trong thời gian đương nhiệm ông không lần thẳng tay sa thải hay ... nhà quản lý thành đạt th a nhận Ông bình chọn nhà quản trị xuất sắc năm 19 98 với lời đánh giá xứng đáng: d ng cảm, có tầm nhìn chiến lược, để lại d u ấn quan trọng tập đoàn kinh tế công nghiệp quan ... nghiệp quan trọng bậc Ðặc biệt, Schrempp ca ngợi vụ thương thảo, đàm phán hợp tập đoàn Daimler-Benz Ðức Chrysler Mỹ Người ta gọi ông người sinh tập đoàn khổng lồ Daimler- Chrysler Chính qua vụ sáp...