640-606 Support www.testking.com - 1 - 640-606 Study Guide Cisco CCNP Support (Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting) Version 1.1 640-606 Support www.testking.com - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables Introduction 11. Support Resources for Troubleshooting 1.1 Network Media Test Equipment 1.2 Network Monitors 1.3 Protocol Analyzers 1.4 Network Management Systems 1.5 CiscoWorks 1.5.1 CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworks Software (CWSI) Campus 1.5.2 TrafficDirector Remote Monitoring Software 1.6 Simulation and Modeling Tools 1.7 Cisco Connection Online (CCO) 2. Understanding Troubleshooting Methods 2.1 The steps and scope of systematic troubleshooting 2.2 The Problem-Solving Model 2.3 A Baseline Model of the Network 3. Identifying Troubleshooting Targets 3.1 Data Link Troubleshooting 3.1.1 Troubleshooting Physical and Data Link Protocol 3.1.2 Clearing Interface Counters 3.2 The show Commands 3.3 Token Ring Soft Errors 3.4 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) 3.4.1 Common Protocol Characteristics 3.4.2 Protocol Connection Troubleshooting 3.4.2.1 TCP Connection Sequence 3.4.2.2 Novell Connection Sequence 640-606 Support www.testking.com - 3 - 3.4.2.3 AppleTalk Connection Sequence 4. Applying Cisco Troubleshooting Tools 4.1 Routing and Switching Processes 4.2 Switching in Different Routers Models 4.2.1 The 7000 Series 4.2.2 The 7500 Series 4.2.3 The 4000, 3000, and 2500 Series 4.3 The debug Tool 4.4 Error Messages 4.5 Reachability and Path Tests 4.5.1 The ping Command 4.5.2 The traceroute Command 4.6 Gathering further information 4.6.1 The show version Command 4.6.2 The show buffers Command 4.6.3 The show memory Command 4.6.4 The show processes Command 4.6.5 The show controllers cxbus Command 4.6.6 The show stacks Command 4.6.7 Core Dumps 5. Diagnosing and Correcting Campus TCP/IP, Novell Networking and AppleTalk Problems 5.1 Cisco IOS Troubleshooting Tools and Commands for TCP/IP, IPX and AppleTalk. 5.1.1 The ping, traceroute and test Commands 5.1.2 The show ip, show ipx and show appletalk Commands 5.1.2.1 The show ip Commands 5.1.2.2 The show ipx Commands 5.1.2.3 The show appletalk Commands 5.1.3 The debug ip, debug ipx and debug apple Commands 5.1.3.1 The debug ip Commands 5.1.3.2 The debug ipx Commands 5.1.3.3 The debug apple Commands 5.2 General Problem Isolation Method for TCP/IP Connectivity 5.2.1 Browser Issues in Microsoft Products 5.2.2 Redistribution between IP Routing Protocols 5.3 Problem Isolation in IPX Networks 640-606 Support www.testking.com - 4 - 5.3.1 IPX Frame Type 5.3.2 ipx gns-response-delay 5.3.3 Specific IPX Problems, Causes, and Possible Actions 5.3.3.1 Client cannot connect to the local LAN’s server 5.3.3.2 Client cannot connect to a remote LAN’s server. 5.3.3.3 NetBIOS applications on the client cannot access a remote server. 5.3.3.4 No connectivity over the IPX router. 5.3.3.5 Router does not propagate SAP updates. 5.4 AppleTalk Configuration and Troubleshooting Checklist 5.4.1 Common AppleTalk Faults 5.4.2 Common AppleTalk Symptoms 5.4.3 Solving Common AppleTalk Problems 5.4.3.1 Configuration Mismatches 5.4.3.2 Duplicate Cable Range/Network Numbers 5.4.3.3 Phase I/Phase II Incompatibility 5.4.3.4 Unstable Routes 5.4.3.5 ZIP Storms 5.4.3.6 Old Zone Names Appearing in the Chooser 5.4.3.7 Zones do not Appeare in the Chooser 6. Diagnosing and Correcting Catalyst Problems 6.1 CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworks (CWSI) 6.2 Catalyst 5000 Switches 6.2.1 Embedded RMON Agent and SwitchProbe 6.2.2 Catalyst Switch LEDs 6.2.3 Cable, Speed, and Media 6.2.4 Catalyst Power-on Self-Test 6.2.5 Catalyst 5000 Spanning Tree 6.2.6 Troubleshooting Catalyst 5000 6.2.6.1 VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) and Interswitch Trunk Links (ISLs) 6.2.6.2 Using ping 6.2.6.3 The Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) 6.2.6.4 The show Commands 6.2.6.3 The set and clear Commands 6.2.7 Catalyst Symptoms, Problems, and Suggested Actions 6.2.7.1 Connection a Designated Local Switch is not Working 6.2.7.2 Communication Problems between the Terminal or Modem and the Switch 6.2.7.3 Cannot Access Switch from Remote Devices 7. Troubleshooting VLANS on Routers and Switches 7.1 Troubleshooting Cisco IOS Configuration 640-606 Support www.testking.com - 5 - 7.2 VLAN Design Issues for Troubleshooting 7.3 Switch/Router Configuration Consistency 7.4 Router VLAN Diagnostic Tools 7.4.1 The show Commands 7.4.2 The debug Commands 7.5 Problem Isolation in Router/Switch VLAN Networks 8. Diagnosing and Correcting Frame Relay Problems 8.1 Frame Relay Troubleshooting 8.2 The Frame Relay Diagnostic Tools 8.2.1 Frame Relay Loopback Testing 8.2.2 The show Commands 8.2.3 The debug Commands 8.3 Frame Relay Problem Isolation 9. Diagnosing and Correcting ISDN BRI Problems 9.1 ISDN Components and Reference Points 9.2 BRI Channels 9.2.1 ISDN BRI Layer 1 9.2.2 ISDN Layer 2 9.2.3 ISDN Layer 3 9.2.4 ISDN End-to-End Circuit 9.2.5 PPP over B Channel 640-606 Support www.testking.com - 6 - LIST OF TABLES TABLE 3.1 TABLE 3.2 TABLE 3.3 TABLE 3.4 TABLE 3.5 TABLE 3.6 TABLE 4.1 TABLE 4.2 TABLE 4.3 TABLE 6.1 TABLE 6.2 TABLE 6.3 TABLE 7.1 TABLE 9.1 The show interfaces fddi Fields The show interfaces atm Fields Token Ring Isolating Soft Errors Token Ring Nonisolating Soft Error The show novell traffic Fields The show appletalk traffic Fields Commands for Logging Message Destinations Logging Message Severity Levels Common Failure Reported by the show stacks Command Cable Length Limitations The show system Command Fields The show test Command Fields Default VLANs on a Catalyst 5000 Switch ISDN Reference Points 640-606 Support www.testking.com - 7 - Cisco CCNP Support - Certified Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) Exam Code: 640-606 Certifications: Cisco CCNP Routing and Switching Certification Core Prerequisites: Cisco CCNA Routing and Switching Certification Exam 640-607. About This Study Guide This Study Guide is based on the current pool of exam questions for the Cisco 640-606 – Support exam. As such it provides all the information required to pass the Cisco 640-606 exam and is organized around the specific skills that are tested in that exam. Thus, the information contained in this Study Guide is specific to the 640-606 exam and does not represent a complete reference work on the subject of Internetwork Troubleshooting. Topics covered in this Study Guide includes Traffic and Data link Fundamentals: Identifying troubleshooting targets for connection-oriented and connectionless protocols, Identifying common data link layer characteristics and key troubleshooting targets a campus LAN environment, Identifying connection sequences and key troubleshooting targets within TCP/IP, and Identifying connection sequences and key troubleshooting targets within Novell IPX; Troubleshooting Tools, Methods and Targets: Identifying the types and purposes of tools commonly used for network troubleshooting, Describing and identifying how to use the Cisco information resources, Listing the preferred methods for escalation of troubleshooting issues to Cisco's service and support programs; Using the Cisco IOS Troubleshooting Commands and Debugging Utilities: Using troubleshooting tools and minimizing their impact on a Cisco router's switching type and data flow, and Identifying and using Cisco IOSTM software commands and debug utilities to filter, capture and display protocol traffic flows; Implementing Efficient Troubleshooting Methods: Describing an efficient problem-solving method; Implementing Problem Isolation for TCP/IP and Novell IPX: Explaining the use of problem isolation techniques to list the symptoms of common TCP/IP and IPX problems on routed networks, and Applying diagnostic tools to solve network problems; Troubleshooting VLANC on Switches and Routers: Explaining how Cisco routers and switches use VLAN technology, Applying diagnostic tools to switched and routed VLAN configuration problems, and Using Cisco IOS router troubleshooting commands and Catalyst switch troubleshooting commands; Problem Isolation and Resolution on Catalyst Switches: Explaining Catalyst technology, Describing troubleshooting and problem isolation techniques to list the symptoms of Catalyst 5000 and VLAN problems on switched Ethernet Networks, and Applying diagnostic tools to solve Catalyst 5000 problems; Problem Isolation and Resolution for ISDN BRI: Using Cisco IOS commands and problem isolation techniques to identify the symptoms of common ISDN BRI problems, and Applying diagnostic tools to solve ISDN BRI problems; and Problem Isolation and Resolution for Frame Relay WANs: Using Cisco IOS commands and problem isolation techniques to identify the symptoms of common WAN and Frame Relay problems, and Applying diagnostic tools to solve Frame Relay problems. 640-606 Support www.testking.com - 8 - Intended Audience This Study Guide is targeted specifically at people who wish to take the Cisco CCNP 640-606 – Support (CIT) exam. This information in this Study Guide is specific to the exam. It is not a complete reference work. Although our Study Guides are aimed at new comers to the world of IT, the concepts dealt with in this Study Guide are complex and require an understanding of material provided for the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) exam 640-607. Knowledge of CompTIA’s A+ course would also be advantageous but is not a requirement. Note: There is a fair amount of overlap between this Study Guide and the 640- 604 and 640-605 Study Guides. We would not advise skimming over the information that seems familiar as this Study Guide either expands on the information, as it does in relation to the 640-607 Study Guide, or approaches the information from a different angle. How To Use This Study Guide To benefit from this Study Guide we recommend that you: • Although there is a fair amount of overlap between this Study Guide and the 640-607, 640-604 and 640- 605 Study Guides, the relevant information from those Study Guides are included in this Study Guide. This is thus the only Study Guide you will require to pass the 640-606 exam. • Study each chapter carefully until you fully understand the information. This will require regular and disciplined work. Where possible, attempt to implement the information in a lab setup. • Be sure that you have studied and understand the entire Study Guide before you take the exam. Note: Remember to pay special attention to these note boxes as they contain important additional information that is specific to the exam. Good luck! 640-606 Support www.testking.com - 9 - 1. Support Resources for Troubleshooting Today’s networks are mission critical resources, this makes the network support task very essential. Should a component break down or be misconfigured, the network support engineers must be able to diagnose and fix the problem in a timely manner while allowing connectivity through alternate devices. A variety of tools has been created to help network support engineers. 1.1 Network Media Test Equipment There are three classes of equipment for testing the physical layer medium: • Volt/Ohm meters and digital multimeters used to check for cable connectivity and continuity. • Cable testers or scanners, also test for connectivity but are more sophisticated than Volt/Ohm meters. Are able report cable conditions such as attenuation, near-end crosstalk (NEXT), and noise. Can also provide the measurement of a cable’s impedance. • TDRs and OTDRs, devices that provide time domain reflectometer (TDR and optical TDR or OTDR for fiber-optic cable testing), wire-map, and traffic monitoring functionality. Can locate opens, shorts, kinks, sharp bends, crimps, and impedance mismatches. 1.2 Network Monitors A Layer 2 tool used to capture, display and save traffic passing through a network cable. Can take the raw data and provide information on frame sizes, number of erroneous frames, MAC addresses, number of broadcasts, etc. Network monitors can: • Monitor network activity over a period of time, making it possible to establishing a network baseline. • Assist in network capacity planning by observing patterns of changing network utilization. • Identify traffic overloads and bottlenecks. 1.3 Protocol Analyzers Similar to network monitors but are capable of interpreting and displaying the packet, segment, and other (higher) protocol data units (PDUs). Can be used to study the format or behavior of certain protocols; to check time delays between request and response. 1.4 Network Management Systems Most networks deploy a variety of topologies, protocols, applications, and remote access technologies and techniques. Network management systems are tools that can be used to understand, monitor, troubleshoot, modify, scale, and secure networks. Five key functional areas of network management are: • Fault management • Performance management 640-606 Support www.testking.com - 10 - • Configuration and device management • Accounting management • Security management Fault management is about discovering abnormal behavior before or shortly after it happens. Once a problem is detected, take the following steps: 1. Identify the problem area. 2. Isolate the problem area and direct connectivity through alternate paths and/or devices. 3. Minimize the impact of the failure. 4. Identify the device causing the fault. 5. Identify the component/subsystem that is malfunctioning and needs to be replaced or reconfigured. 6. Implement the solution to restore normal network operation. 1.5 CiscoWorks CiscoWorks is Cisco Systems’ network management software. It is based on Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and is used for managing networks with one integrated platform. Network managers can monitor routers down to port activity, observe traffic patterns, modify configurations, observe and report inventory, capture data, and observe security settings all from their one central station. 1.5.1 CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworks Software (CWSI) Campus CWSI Campus is a suite of network management applications that provide remote monitoring, configuration, and management of switched internetworks. 1.5.2 TrafficDirector Remote Monitoring Software Considered an excellent fault and performance management tool. It is a part of the CWSI Campus suite of network management applications and can be used to monitor traffic on network segments. Can detect collisions, errors, utilization, and broadcast rates on a port basis. 1.6 Simulation and Modeling Tools Allow you to put a test network together and see how it performs. Can be used to design a new network or to see how an existing network will perform if you modify it, expand it, or put traffic stress on it. 1.7 Cisco Connection Online (CCO) Provides interactive web-based services with access to Cisco’s information, systems, resources, and personnel. The CCO consists of the Bug Toolkit, Troubleshooting Engine, Stack Decoder, and Open Forum, all of which aid diagnosis and corrective activities. [...]... of the incoming signal 3.4 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is a Cisco proprietary layer 2 protocol that is bundled in Cisco IOS release 10.3 and later versions CDP can run on all Cisco manufactured devices including: routers, switches, hubs, bridges, and communication servers It uses SNAP (layer 2 frame type) and is multicast based By default, a Cisco device running CDP... IP address, a repeat count, datagram size, and a timeout in seconds Cisco IOS makes ping available for a number of protocols including IPX and AppleTalk Cisco introduced ping for IPX in IOS version 8.2 This is, however, a Cisco proprietary tool Therefore non -Cisco devices such as Novell servers do not respond to it If you want the Cisco router to generate Novell-compliant pings, you must use the global... will reply to the ARP request for the destination host’s IP address if: Segments and Subnets Throughout this study guide, the term "segment" is used to refer to the transport layer protocol data unit (PDU) and not to a network segment, i.e a subnetwork The term subnet is used throughout this study guide to refer to a subnetwork Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a network... along with its associated vpi/vci pair UNI version = The User-Network Interface (UNI) version determined through ILMI link autodetermination or using the atm universion interface configuration command 3.3 Token Ring Soft Errors The Token Ring soft errors are divided into two classes: isolating soft errors and nonisolating soft errors www.testking.com - 17 - 640-606 Support • Isolating soft errors are those... the show version and show running-config commands are among the most general information you can gather If you are dealing with hang or crash scenarios, the output of the show stacks command and core dump are useful 4.6.1 The show version Command Depending on the type of router, different hardware configuration and non-standard software options are displayed by the show version command The show version. .. one-minute intervals www.testking.com - 28 - 640-606 Support 4.6.5 The show controllers cxbus Command The show controllers cxbus command is used on the Cisco 7x00 series routers to display information about the SP, the CxBus controller, and the contents and microcode of cards attached to the bus This information is useful for diagnostic tasks performed by Cisco support engineers only 4.6.6 The show stacks... ping is included as a part of the TCP/IP protocol suite and has been introduced IPX with Cisco IOS release 8.2 Ping can be used to test reachability in a TCP/IP or IPX/SPX network On Cisco routers, ping is provided in user mode and in privileged exec mode The latter has an extended ping Before Cisco IOS Release 11.1, the privileged ping command with the confirm, lookup and poll (NBP) option, also known... they share 5.3.2 ipx gns-response-delay In Cisco IOS release 9.1(13) and later, the default value of the ipx gns-response-delay command is 0 ms Prior to Cisco IOS release 9.1(13), the default ipx gns-responsedelay value was 500 ms It was 500 ms to allow a dual-connected NetWare 2.x server running in parallel with a Cisco router to reply to GNS requests before the Cisco router The 500 ms value was also... version command displays the IOS version number and its internal name It also displays the Bootstrap software and the RXBOOT image versions; the system uptime, how the system last restarted, and the image filename and where it loaded from If the router encounters errors such as software crashes that force the router to reload, this information can be quite useful The show version command also provides... possibilities This may require that you gather more facts that you might have overlooked 2.3 A Baseline Model of the Network To be able to effectively support, troubleshoot, or modify an internetwork, you must gather and document information about the internetwork Some of the essential information includes: • The physical and logical network map • Active protocols • The protocol specific addressing . 640-606 Support www.testking.com - 1 - 640-606 Study Guide Cisco CCNP Support (Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting) Version 1. 1 640-606 Support. Introduction 11 . Support Resources for Troubleshooting 1. 1 Network Media Test Equipment 1. 2 Network Monitors 1. 3 Protocol Analyzers 1. 4 Network