MicroSim Corporation 20 Fairbanks (714) 770-3022 Irvine, California 92618 MicroSim PSpice A/D & Basics+ Circuit Anal y sis Software User’s Guide Version 8.0, June, 1997. Copyright 1997, MicroSim Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. TradeMarks Referenced herein are the trademarks used by MicroSim Corporation to identify its products. MicroSim Corporation is the exclusive owners of “MicroSim,” “PSpice,” “PLogic,” “PLSyn.” Additional marks of MicroSim include: “StmEd,” “Stimulus Editor,” “Probe,” “Parts,” “Monte Carlo,” “Analog Behavioral Modeling,” “Device Equations,” “Digital Simulation,” “Digital Files,” “Filter Designer,” “Schematics,” “PLogic,” ”PCBoards,” “PSpice Optimizer,” and “PLSyn” and variations theron (collectively the “Trademarks”) are used in connection with computer programs. MicroSim owns various trademark registrations for these marks in the United States and other countries. SPECCTRA is a registered trademark of Cooper & Chyan Technology, Inc. MicroSoft, MS-DOS, Windows, Windows NT and the Windows logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat, the Acrobat logo, Exchange and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated or its subsidiaries and may be registered in certain jurisdictions. EENET is a trademark of Eckert Enterprises. Mathcad copyright  1991-1997 by Mathsoft, Inc. All other company/product names are trademarks/registered trademarks of their respective holders. Copyri g ht Notice Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of MicroSim Corporation. As described in the license agreement, you are permitted to run one copy of the MicroSim software on one computer at a time. Unauthorized duplication of the software or documentation is prohibited by law. Corporate Program Licensing and multiple copy discounts are available. Technical Support Internet Tech.Support@MicroSim.com Phone (714) 837-0790 FAX (714) 455-0554 WWW http://www.microsim.com Customer Service Internet Sales@MicroSim.com Phone (714) 770-3022 Contents Before You Be g in Welcome to MicroSim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv MicroSim PSpice A/D Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvi How to Use this Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii Typographical Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii Related Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxviii Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix If You Don’t Have the Standard PSpice A/D Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxx If You Have PSpice A/D Basics+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxx If You Have the Evaluation CD-ROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii What’s New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiv Part One Simulation Primer Thin g s You Need to KnowChapter 1 Chapter Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 What is PSpice A/D? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Analyses You Can Run with PSpice A/D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Basic Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 DC sweep & other DC calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 AC sweep and noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Transient and Fourier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 Advanced Multi-Run Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 Parametric and temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 Monte Carlo and sensitivity/worst-case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 Using PSpice A/D with Other MicroSim Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8 Using Schematics to Prepare for Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 What is the Stimulus Editor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 What is the Parts Utility? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 What is Probe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 iv Contents Files Needed for Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11 Files That Schematics Generates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11 Netlist file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 Circuit file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 Other Files That You Can Configure for Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 Model library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13 Stimulus file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14 Include file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14 Configuring model library, stimulus, and include files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14 Files That PSpice A/D Generates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15 Probe data file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15 PSpice output file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16 Simulation ExamplesChapter 2 Chapter Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Example Circuit Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Finding Out More about Setting Up Your Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Bias Point Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 Running PSpice A/D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 Using the Bias Information Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 Using the Simulation Output File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 Finding Out More about Bias Point Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 DC Sweep Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 Setting Up and Running a DC Sweep Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 Displaying DC Analysis Results in Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 Finding Out More about DC Sweep Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15 Transient Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16 Finding Out More about Transient Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19 AC Sweep Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20 Setting Up and Running an AC Sweep Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20 AC Sweep Analysis Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22 Finding Out More about AC Sweep and Noise Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23 Parametric Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24 Setting Up and Running the Parametric Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25 Analyzing Waveform Families in Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27 Finding Out More about Parametric Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29 Probe Performance Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30 Finding Out More about Performance Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32 Contents v Part Two Desi g n Entr y Preparin g a Schematic for SimulationChapter 3 Chapter Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Checklist for Simulation Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 Typical Simulation Setup Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 Advanced Design Entry and Simulation Setup Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 When Netlisting Fails or the Simulation Does Not Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 Things to check in your schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 Things to check in your system configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 Using Parts That You Can Simulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 Vendor-Supplied Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 Part naming conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 Finding the part that you want . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 Passive Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 Breakout Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 Behavioral Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 Using Global Parameters and Expressions for Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 Global Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 Declaring and using a global parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 Specifying expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 Defining Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 For the Analog Portion of Your Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 For A/D Interfaces in Mixed-Signal Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 Default digital power supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 Custom digital power supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 Defining Stimuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23 Analog Stimuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23 Using VSTIM and ISTIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24 If you want to specify multiple stimulus types . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25 Digital Stimuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26 Things to Watch For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28 Unmodeled Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28 Do this if the part in question is from the MicroSim libraries . . . . . 3-28 Check for this if the part in question is custom-built . . . . . . . . . . 3-30 Unconfigured Model, Stimulus, or Include Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30 Check for this . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31 Unmodeled Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31 Check for this . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32 vi Contents Missing Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32 Check for this . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32 Missing DC Path to Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33 Check for this . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33 Creatin g and Editin g ModelsChapter 4 Chapter Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 What Are Models? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Models defined as model parameter sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Models defined as subcircuit netlists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 How Are Models Organized? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Model Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Model Library Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 Global vs. Local Models and Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 Nested Model Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 MicroSim-Provided Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 Tools to Create and Edit Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 Ways to Create and Edit Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 Using the Parts Utility to Edit Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 Ways to Use the Parts Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11 Parts-Supported Device Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 Ways To Characterize Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 Creating models from data sheet information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 Analyzing the effect of model parameters on device characteristics . 4-14 How to Fit Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14 Running the Parts Utility Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 Starting the Parts utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 Enabling and disabling automatic symbol creation . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 Saving global models (and symbols) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17 Running the Parts Utility from the Symbol Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18 Starting the Parts utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18 Saving global models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19 Running the Parts Utility from the Schematic Editor . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20 What is an instance model? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20 Starting the Parts utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21 Saving local models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21 What happens if you don’t save the instance model . . . . . . . . . 4-22 The Parts Utility Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23 Creating the half-wave rectifier schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23 Starting the Parts utility for the D1 diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24 Contents vii Entering data sheet information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24 Extracting model parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27 Adding curves for more than one temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28 Completing the model definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29 Using the Model Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29 Changing Model Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30 Editing .MODEL definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30 Editing .SUBCKT definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31 Changing the model name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31 Running the Model Editor from the Symbol Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31 Starting the model editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31 Saving global models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32 Running the Model Editor from the Schematic Editor . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33 What is an instance model? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33 Starting the model editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34 Saving local models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34 Example: Editing a Q2N2222 Instance Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35 Starting the model editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35 Editing the Q2N2222-X model instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35 Saving the edits and updating the schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36 Using the Create Subcircuit Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37 Changing the Model Reference to an Existing Model Definition . . . . . . . . 4-38 Reusing Instance Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39 Reusing Instance Models in the Same Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40 Making Instance Models Available To All Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40 Configuring Model Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-41 The Library and Include Files dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-41 How PSpice A/D Uses Model Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43 Search order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43 Handling duplicate model names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43 Adding Model Libraries to the Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44 Changing Local and Global Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45 Changing Model Library Search Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45 Changing the Library Search Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-46 Creatin g Symbols for ModelsChapter 5 Chapter Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 What’s Different About Symbols Used for Simulation? . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 Ways to Create Symbols for Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 Preparing Your Models for Symbol Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 viii Contents Using the Symbol Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 How to Start the Symbol Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 How the Symbol Wizard Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 Creating AKO Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 What Are Base vs. AKO Symbols? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 Base and AKO Symbols in Symbol Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 How to Create AKO Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 Completing the Configuration of Your Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11 Using the Parts Utility to Create Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11 Starting the Parts Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12 Setting Up Automatic Symbol Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12 Basing New Symbols On a Custom Set of Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13 Editing Symbol Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15 How Schematics Places Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15 Defining Important Symbol Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16 Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16 Bounding box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16 Grid spacing for graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17 Grid spacing for pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17 Defining Symbol Attributes Needed for Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18 MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19 SIMULATION ONLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19 TEMPLATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20 TEMPLATE syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20 TEMPLATE examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23 IO_LEVEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27 MNTYMXDLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28 IPIN attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29 Analo g Behavioral Modelin g Chapter 6 Chapter Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 Overview of Analog Behavioral Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 The abm.slb Symbol Library File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 Placing and Specifying ABM Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 Net Names and Device Names in ABM Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 Forcing the Use of a Global Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5 ABM Part Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6 Control System Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7 Basic Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9 Limiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 Chebyshev Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11 Contents ix Integrator and Differentiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14 Table Look-Up Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14 Laplace Transform Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18 Math Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21 ABM Expression Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21 An Instantaneous Device Example: Modeling a Triode . . . . . . . . . . 6-25 PSpice A/D-Equivalent Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28 Implementation of PSpice A/D-Equivalent Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29 Modeling Mathematical or Instantaneous Relationships . . . . . . . . . . 6-30 EVALUE and GVALUE parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30 EMULT, GMULT, ESUM, and GSUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32 Lookup Tables (ETABLE and GTABLE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33 Frequency-Domain Device Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-35 Laplace Transforms (LAPLACE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-35 Frequency Response Tables (EFREQ and GFREQ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37 Cautions and Recommendations for Simulation and Analysis . . . . . . . . . 6-40 Instantaneous Device Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-40 Frequency-Domain Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41 Laplace Transforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41 Non-causality and Laplace transforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-42 Chebyshev filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-43 Frequency tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-44 Trading Off Computer Resources For Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-45 Basic Controlled Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46 Creating Custom ABM Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46 Di g ital Device Modelin g Chapter 7 Chapter Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 Functional Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3 Digital primitive syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6 Timing Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11 Timing Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11 Treatment of unspecified propagation delays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12 Treatment of unspecified timing constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13 Propagation Delay Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14 Inertial and Transport Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15 Inertial delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15 Transport delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16 Input/Output Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17 Input/Output Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17 x Contents Defining Output Strengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21 Configuring the strength scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22 Determining the strength of a device output . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22 Controlling overdrive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23 Charge Storage Nets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23 Creating Your Own Interface Subcircuits for Additional Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25 Creating a Digital Model Using the PINDLY and LOGICEXP Primitives . . 7-29 Digital Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30 The Logic Expression (LOGICEXP Primitive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30 Pin-to-Pin Delay (PINDLY Primitive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33 BOOLEAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33 PINDLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34 Constraint Checker (CONSTRAINT Primitive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-36 Setup_Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-36 Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37 Freq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37 The 74160 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37 Part Three Settin g Up and Runnin g Anal y ses Settin g Up Analyses and Startin g SimulationChapter 8 Chapter Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 Analysis Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2 Setting Up Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3 Execution Order for Standard Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4 Output Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5 Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6 Starting Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11 Starting Simulation from Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11 Starting Simulation Outside of Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12 Setting Up Batch Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12 Multiple simulation setups within one circuit file . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12 Running simulations with multiple circuit files . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13 The Simulation Status Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14 DC AnalysesChapter 9 Chapter Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 DC Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2 Minimum Requirements to Run a DC Sweep Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2 [...]... is read by PSpice A/D for simulation The results are formulated into meaningful graphical traces in Probe which can be marked for display directly from your schematic symbols packages MicroSim Schematics MicroSim PCBoards packages footprints padstacks MicroSim PLSyn MicroSim PSpice Optimizer MicroSim PSpice A/D MicroSim Parts MODEL = + BF SPECCTRA® Autorouter models PLD device database MicroSim Probe... about PSpice A/D • Technical Support information If you are not familiar with Windows (NT or 95) Help System, select How to Use Help from the Help menu xxx Before You Begin If You Don’t Have the Standard PSpice A/D Package If You Have PSpice A/D Basics+ PSpice A/D Basics+ provides the basic functionality needed for analog and mixed-signal design without the advanced features in the full PSpice A/D package... guide is for both PSpice A/D Basics+ and PSpice A/D users, there are some features described here that are not available to PSpice A/ D Basics+ users not included in: The Basics+ icon (shown in the sidebar) is used throughout this user guide to mark each section or paragraph which describes a feature not available to PSpice A/D Basics+ users If an entire section describes a “non -Basics+ feature, the... icon is placed next to the section title If an individual paragraph describes a “non -Basics+ feature, the icon is placed next to the paragraph The following table identifies which features are included with PSpice A/D and PSpice A/D Basics+ Feature PSpice A/D (Standard) PSpice A/D Basics+ Benefits of integration with MicroSim Schematics graphical design entry (schematic capture) yes yes simulation setup... You Don’t Have the Standard PSpice A/D Package Feature PSpice A/D (Standard) xxxi PSpice A/D Basics+ Notable PSpice analysis and simulation features DC sweep, AC sweep, transient analysis yes yes noise, Fourier, temperature analysis yes yes parametric analysis yes no Note For expert PSpice A/D users, these are the PSpice circuit file commands that are not available in the Basics+ package: Monte Carlo,... analog model library 10,200+ 10,200+ * Notable PSpice devices and library models • STIMLIB • SAVEBIAS • LOADBIAS xxxii Before You Begin Feature PSpice A/D (Standard) PSpice A/D Basics+ Notable PSpice devices and library models, continued digital primitives all most** digital model library 1600+ 1600+ MicroSim PCBoards yes yes MicroSim PSpice Optimizer yes no MicroSim PLSyn yes no Device Equations yes no... Basics+ User’s Guide PSpice A/D, Probe, the Stimulus Editor, and the Parts utility, which are circuit analysis programs that let you create, simulate, and test analog and digital circuit designs It provides examples on how to specify simulation parameters, analyze simulation results, edit input signals, and create models MicroSim PSpice & Basics User’s Guide MicroSim PSpice & MicroSim PSpice Basics, which... use MicroSim Schematics User’s Guide MicroSim Schematics, which is a schematic capture front-end program with a direct interface to other MicroSim programs and options MicroSim PCBoards User’s Guide MicroSim PCBoards, which is a PCB layout editor that lets you specify printed circuit board structure, as well as the components, metal, and graphics required for fabrication MicroSim PSpice A/D & Basics+. .. options Miscellaneous specifications unlimited circuit size * PSpice A/D Basics+ package includes all libraries except IGBTS, SCRs, thyristors, PWMs, magnetic cores, and transmission lines ** PSpice A/D Basics+ does not include bidirectional transfer gates If You Don’t Have the Standard PSpice A/D Package If You Have the Evaluation CD-ROM MicroSim s evaluation CD-ROM has the following limitations: •... Begin Welcome to MicroSim Welcome to the MicroSim family of products Whichever programs you have purchased, we are confident that you will find that they meet your circuit design needs They provide an easy-to-use, integrated environment for creating, simulating, and analyzing your circuit designs from start to finish xxvi Before You Begin MicroSim PSpice A/D Overview MicroSim PSpice A/D can simulate . MicroSim Corporation 20 Fairbanks (714) 770-3022 Irvine, California 92618 MicroSim PSpice A/D & Basics+ Circuit Anal y sis. . . xxix If You Don’t Have the Standard PSpice A/D Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxx If You Have PSpice A/D Basics+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .