[...]... in several areas of academic work, but this unit focuses on using paraphrasing in note-making and summary writing Effective paraphrasing is vital in academic writing to avoid the risk of plagiarism 1 Although paraphrasing techniques are used in summary writing, paraphrasing does not aim to shorten the length of a text, merely to restate the text For example, Evidence of a lost civilisation has been... in an article in the Journal of Experimental Psychology a) French and American scientists have shown that baboons have the ability to think in an abstract way The animals were taught to use a computer, and then had to select similar patterns, which they did at a rate better than chance b) Baboons are a kind of monkey more distant from man than chimpanzees Although it is known that chimpanzees are able... socio-economic information into the effort The lack of integration of information is, in fact, a limitation that has been emphasised by many authors working with agricultural and land use planning in recent years (see, for instance, Vaughan et al., 1995; and Chidley and Brook, 1997) b) It was routine – an ordinary minor operation – except for a single extraordinary point The patient was on an operating table in... spreading across the globe The deadly strains have established themselves in South East Asia and South America, and have recently begun to spread across India and Africa Formerly under control in many areas, the disease now threatens two billion people living in more than 100 countries 20 Part 1: The Writing Process Estimates suggest that there are now more than 350 million cases of malaria a year – a. .. sheep are apparently too boring to make people sleepy There are many practical applications for research into insomnia About one in ten people are thought to suffer from severe insomnia It is calculated that the cost of insomnia for the American economy may be $35 billion a year 8 Use the same techniques to paraphrase the following text Before the last century no humans had visited Antarctica, and even... the language used a) Wherever possible complaints should be handled at a local level and without recourse to unduly formal proceedings It is therefore essential that all staff who have contact with students are aware of the relevant procedures and are empowered to resolve issues as they arise Staff dealing with complaints are encouraged, whenever practical, to meet with the complainant Face-to-face... accessible and up to date, in academic work students need to be aware that these sources may have less credibility, and that material written for a wider readership tends to be less detailed Students need to be especially careful of taking journalistic phrases and using them in formal essays 14 Part 1: The Writing Process 5 Read the following texts and analyse the register in each case, by giving examples... is taken up with essential furniture Equally, the maximum height of a room is now accepted for such calculations as three metres For example, in a room 5 m ǂ 4 m ǂ 3 m (high) this would provide initial space for five persons The first extract is an example of academic register, used, for instance, in dissertations and academic journals This typically uses cautious language like apparent and often, as... two parts, one looking at the advantages of the topic and the other looking at the disadvantages A plan for the first example might look like this: Writing Foundations Academic qualifications are of little practical benefit in the real world – Discuss Introduction variety of different qualifications different methods of assessment Benefits international standards for professions, e.g doctors students have... many practical applications b) About one in ten people are thought to suffer from severe insomnia c) It is calculated that the cost of insomnia for the American economy may be $35 billion a year 7 Combine all these techniques to paraphrase the paragraph as fully as possible Sleep scientists have found that traditional remedies for insomnia, such as counting sheep, are ineffective Instead, they have . level and progress. Although every effort has been made to make Academic Writing as useful and accurate as possible, if students or teachers have any comments,. study. Cheap, comfortable accommodation is always available, and transport is provided by the clean and reliable underground system. Another advantage is