Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Water is at the center of economic and social development; it is vital to maintain health, grow food, manage the environment, and create jobs. Despite water’s importance, over 663 million people in the world still lack access to improved drinking water sources.
Name: Class: MSSV: Topic: Water supply WATER SUPPLY Water is at the center of economic and social development; it is vital to maintain health, grow food, manage the environment, and create jobs Despite water’s importance, over 663 million people in the world still lack access to improved drinking water sources Water shortage is a big concern for many countries around the world Drinking water protection is the responsibility of both individuals and governments Everyone plays key role in trying to protect the supply of water Water is a vital necessity that all people need in order to survive Without water, people could only live a few days before having serious health problems or even death Whilst I can see that this resolution from government has a certain logic, I think that strict controls are not the final answer This severe problem need to be resolved by different ways This can be done by building more desalination plants However, this is very expensive and some countries could not afford to this Another possibility is to educate people how to use the source of fresh water properly Another solution is to protect existing water supplies like underground supplies and take steps to prevent them becoming polluted Also, recycled water could be used for irrigating farms This is the reason, we should be build Optimize and save water supply system Water supply system is a combination of water collection, water transportation, water treatment, air conditioning and water distribution works to water users Figure 1: Water Supply system Water source: surface water or groundwater Collection works + Pumping stations level 1: collect waterfrom the source and pump to the treatment station Treatment station: clean source water meeting the quality requirements of use Clean water storage tank: air conditioning between pumping stations level and level Level pumping station: bringing treated water from clean water tank to consumer network Water station: air conditioning between pumping station level and consumer network Transmission and distribution network: including transmission level network, distribution level network and level network connected to the pipes to the house The basic requirements for a water supply system are: - Ensure adequate and continuous water flow to consumer places - Ensure water quality to meet the requirements of use - Cheap construction and management costs - Easy construction and management, capable of automizing and mes brokering the exploitation, treatment and transportation of water Classification of water supply systems A By service object - Urban water supply system - Water supply system of industrial and agricultural zones - Railway water supply system Figure 2: Water Supply system water for the building Figure 3: Water Supply system water for industrial park B According to the service function - Domestic water supply system - Production water supply system - Firefighting water supply system Figure 4: Production water supply system Figure 5: Firefighting water supply system C According to the method of water use - Direct water supply system: the water is finished discharged immediately - Reflow water supply system: water flows in a closed process This system saves water because only a part of the water is lost during the recidisation process, often used in industry - Re-use water supply system: water can be used a few times before being discharged, often applied in industry Figure 6: Reflow water supply system D By water source - Groundwater supply system - Surface water supply system Figure 7: Groundwater supply system Figure 7: Surface water supply system E According to the working principle - Pressure water supply system: water flowing in the pipe is under pressure generated by pumps or overwater tanks - Self-flowing (non-pressure) water supply system: water flows by itself according to pipes or open ditches due to terrain differences Figure 8: Pressure water supply system Figure 9: Self-flowing (non-pressure) water supply system F By water supply range - City water supply system - Water supply system of residential areas and sub-residential areas - Rural water supply system Figure 10: City water supply system G By firefighting method - Low pressure fire extinguishing system: water pressure in the low water supply pipeline network should use pumps placed on fire trucks to create the necessary pressure to extinguish the fire Pumps can be sucked directly from city pipes or from water tanks on fire trucks - High pressure fire extinguishing system: water pressure on the pipeline network ensures to bring water to all fire fighting places, so the fire protection team only installs hemp pipes in the fire extinguishing throat on the pipeline network to get firefighting water Figure 11: By firefighting method System of urban water supply diagram The urban water supply system is operated as follows: Water from the river enters the water collection place, from there, it follows the pipeline to get water The supply station sucks water and transmits it to the storage tank, the filter tank, to remove the sludge and dirt After filtering the water through the clean water tank System at the level of II, support piped water into the pressure and into the main system of the water supply system Water from the pressure and class II machine through the main pipe into the split pipes and the pipes leading into the house to reach the waterusing equipment at the points of consumption Figure 12: Urban water supply system Urban water supply system The urban water supply system is divided into parts: External water supply system: includes all equipment used to draw water, purify water and divide water by a network of pipes outside the house and building Internal water supply system: includes a system of pipes and water consuming devices installed inside houses and works to receive water from the external water supply system and transmit water directly to the places of use Depending on the characteristics and nature of water use of the facility, the internal water supply system also has a booster pump, pressure water tank, compressed air tank or reserve water tank Urban water supply systems are classified by pipeline as follows: Dead network A network of pipes that only supply water to points using water in one direction The dead-end network is designed for works, areas that need small amounts of water, and the water supply is not continuous With the characteristics, low reliability of water supply, when problems occur, the risk of equipment and pipeline damage during operation, the water supply for the equipment used will not be guaranteed This type of dead-end pipeline is usually designed for non-concentrated residential areas, or in alleys and alleys in big cities Figure 13: Dead network Ring network A closed pipe network on which water can be supplied at every point from two or more directions (Figure 1.31) The ring network is designed for buildings, areas requiring large amounts of water, and water supply processes continuity With the characteristics, high reliability of water supply, avoiding incidents and risks of damage to equipment and pipes during operation Loop pipes are specified for the fire-fighting water supply network outside the house (except for some cases according to the provisions of Vietnamese Standards) Figure 14: Ring network Mixed network A system that combines both a ring network and a dead end network (Figure 1.32) Currently the most commonly used hybrid network type, it combines the advantages of both types In which, the ring network is often used for the main supply pipes and used for important water consumers, while the dead network is used to distribute to other less important points The ring pipe network is built at the main transmission pipelines, at major roads in urban areas and on major roads connecting urban areas Branch lines are designed for residential areas, where the demand for water is not urgent, and the water supply can be temporarily suspended for a period of time In particular, in the context of increasingly expanding urban areas, narrow streets, alleys and small alleys are often installed dead-end pipes For small-scale projects with low water demand, in the process of use, it is not necessary to supply water continuously, a dead-circuit network can be used to supply water Diagram of water supply system for industrial park Characteristics of water supply systems for industrial facilities The water supply system for industrial establishments must ensure water supply for domestic use (of the public in that establishment), production water and fire fighting Figure 14: Industrial water supply system Industrial water supply system Depending on specific conditions, it is possible to install a water supply system for production facilities alone or in combination with daily life and fire fighting In industrial facilities, it is common to install a domestic water supply system in combination with fire fighting and a separate production water supply system If the industrial facility has different water quality requirements than the domestic water quality requirements of the area but the amount of water required is not large, it can still take water from the general water supply system of the area and then process it supplement to suit the requirements of the enterprise (eg iron reduction, softening, pressure increase ) If the factory or factory requires low water quality but the volume is large (cooling water in power plants), it is recommended to choose a separate water supply system Diagram of industrial facility water supply system In industrial facilities, it is common to use several schemes of water supply as follows: Upstream (straight) water supply system Circulating (ring) water supply system Reusable water supply system Bases for choosing a HTCN: there are basic factors - Natural conditions: water source, topography, climate - Requirements of water users: flow, quality, pressure, - Execution: construction volume and technical equipment, time, construction cost and management In order to have a good clutch diagram, it is necessary to compare economic and technical options with many options, to compare the whole as well as the total parts of the diagram to get a diagram of the clutch system with high economic efficiency Document: http://codienlanh.com/khai-niem-he-thong-cap-nuoc/ https://www.thodiennuocgioi.com/thiet-ke-he-thong-cap-thoat-nuoc-trong-nha/ https://sieuthiphongchay.vn/thong-cung-cap-nuoc-thi-va-cong-nghiep/ ... save water supply system Water supply system is a combination of water collection, water transportation, water treatment, air conditioning and water distribution works to water users Figure 1: Water. .. Figure 2: Water Supply system water for the building Figure 3: Water Supply system water for industrial park B According to the service function - Domestic water supply system - Production water. .. Firefighting water supply system Figure 4: Production water supply system Figure 5: Firefighting water supply system C According to the method of water use - Direct water supply system: the water is