Part Number: X05-88987 Course Number: 2071A Released: 9/2000 Delivery Guide Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Transact-SQL Information in this document is subject to change without notice. The names of companies, products, people, characters, and/or data mentioned herein are fictitious and are in no way intended to represent any real individual, company, product, or event, unless otherwise noted. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation. If, however, your only means of access is electronic, permission to print one copy is hereby granted. Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. 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Project Lead: Cheryl Hoople Instructional Designer: Cheryl Hoople Technical Lead: LeRoy Tuttle Program Manager: LeRoy Tuttle Graphic Artist: Kimberly Jackson (Independent Contractor) Editing Manager: Lynette Skinner Editor: Wendy Cleary Editorial Contributor: Elizabeth Reese Copy Editor: Bill Jones (S&T Consulting) Production Manager: Miracle Davis Production Coordinator: Jenny Boe Production Tools Specialist: Julie Challenger Production Support: Lori Walker (S&T Consulting) Test Manager: Sid Benavente Courseware Testing: Testing Testing 123 Classroom Automation: Lorrin Smith-Bates Creative Director, Media/Sim Services: David Mahlmann Web Development Lead: Lisa Pease CD Build Specialist: Julie Challenger Online Support: David Myka (S&T Consulting) Localization Manager: Rick Terek Operations Coordinator: John Williams Manufacturing Support: Laura King; Kathy Hershey Lead Product Manager, Release Management: Bo Galford Lead Product Manager: Margo Crandall Group Manager, Courseware Infrastructure: David Bramble Group Product Manager, Content Development: Dean Murray General Manager: Robert Stewart Course Number: 2071A Part Number: X05-88987 Released: 9/2000 Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Transact-SQL iii Contents Introduction Introduction 1 Course Materials 2 Prerequisites .3 Course Outline .4 Appendices .6 Microsoft Certified Professional Program .7 Facilities .9 Module 1: Introduction to Transact-SQL Overview 1 The Transact-SQL Programming Language 2 Types of Transact-SQL Statements .3 Transact-SQL Syntax Elements .7 Lab A: Using SQL Server Books Online .29 Review .33 Module 2: Using Transact-SQL Querying Tools Overview 1 SQL Query Analyzer .2 Using the Object Browser Tool in SQL Query Analyzer 3 Using Templates in SQL Query Analyzer .5 Using the osql Utility .6 Executing Transact-SQL Statements .8 Recommended Practices 14 Lab A: Creating and Executing Transact-SQL Scripts 15 Review .21 Module 3: Retrieving Data Overview 1 Retrieving Data by Using the SELECT Statement 2 Filtering Data .8 Formatting Result Sets .20 How Queries Are Processed 28 How Queries Are Cached Automatically .29 Performance Considerations 31 Recommended Practices 32 Lab A: Retrieving Data and Manipulating Result Sets 33 Review .45 iv Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Transact-SQL Module 4: Grouping and Summarizing Data Overview . 1 Listing the TOP n Values 2 Using Aggregate Functions . 4 GROUP BY Fundamentals . 8 Generating Aggregate Values Within Result Sets 13 Using the COMPUTE and COMPUTE BY Clauses 22 Recommended Practices . 25 Lab A: Grouping and Summarizing Data . 26 Review 40 Module 5: Joining Multiple Tables Overview . 1 Using Aliases for Table Names . 2 Combining Data from Multiple Tables . 3 Combining Multiple Result Sets . 18 Recommended Practices . 20 Lab A: Querying Multiple Tables . 21 Review 29 Module 6: Working with Subqueries Overview . 1 Introduction to Subqueries 2 Using a Subquery as a Derived Table . 4 Using a Subquery as an Expression 5 Using a Subquery to Correlate Data 6 Using the EXISTS and NOT EXISTS Clauses . 13 Recommended Practices . 15 Lab A: Working with Subqueries . 16 Review 27 Module 7: Modifying Data Overview . 1 Using Transactions 2 Inserting Data 4 Deleting Data 15 Updating Data . 20 Performance Considerations . 24 Recommended Practices . 25 Lab A: Modifying Data . 26 Review 39 Module 8: Querying Full-Text Indexes Overview . 1 Introduction to Microsoft Search Service . 2 Microsoft Search Service Components . 3 Getting Information About Full-Text Indexes 5 Writing Full-Text Queries . 7 Recommended Practices . 14 Lab A: Querying Full-Text Indexes 15 Review 21 Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Transact-SQL v Module 9: Introduction to Programming Objects Overview 1 Displaying the Text of a Programming Object 2 Introduction to Views 4 Advantages of Views .6 Creating Views 7 Introduction to Stored Procedures 12 Introduction to Triggers .15 Introduction to User-defined Functions .16 Recommended Practices 21 Lab A: Working with Views 22 Review .28 Appendix A Appendix B Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Transact-SQL vii About This Course This section provides you with a brief description of the course, audience, suggested prerequisites, and course objectives. Description This course provides students with the technical skills required to write basic Transact-SQL queries for Microsoft ® SQL Server ™ 2000. This is a new two-day course. The course content reflects the need to focus on querying with Transact-SQL. The material comes primarily from course 833, Implementing a Database Design Using Microsoft SQL Server 7.0. This new course is a prerequisite for course 2073A, Programming a Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Database and course 2072A, Administering a Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Database. Audience This course is designed for SQL Server database administrators, implementers, system engineers, and developers who are responsible for writing queries. Student Prerequisites This course requires that students meet the following prerequisites: Experience using the Microsoft Windows ® operating system. An understanding of basic relational database concepts, including: Logical and physical database design. Data integrity concepts. Relationships between tables and columns (primary key and foreign key, one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many). How data is stored in tables (rows and columns). For students who do not meet these prerequisites, the following course provides students with the necessary knowledge and skills: Course 1609, Designing Data Services and Data Models Familiarity with the role of the database administrator. viii Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Transact-SQL Course Objectives At the end of this course, the student will be able to: Describe the uses of and ways to execute the Transact-SQL language. Use querying tools. Write SELECT queries to retrieve data. Group and summarize data using Transact-SQL. Join data from multiple tables. Write queries that retrieve and modify data by using subqueries. Modify data in tables. Query text fields with full-text search. Describe how to create programming objects. Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Transact-SQL ix Course Timing The following schedule is an estimate of the course timing. Your timing may vary. Day 1 Start End Module 8:30 9:00 Introduction 9:00 10:00 Module 1: Introduction to Transact-SQL 10:00 10:15 Lab A: Using SQL Server Books Online 10:15 10:30 Break 10:30 11:00 Module 2: Using Transact-SQL Querying Tools 11:00 11:30 Lab A: Creating and Executing Transact-SQL Scripts 11:30 12:15 Module 3: Retrieving Data 12:15 1:15 Lunch 1:15 2:00 Lab A: Retrieving Data and Manipulating Results Sets 2:00 2:45 Module 4: Grouping and Summarizing Data 2:45 3:00 Break 3:00 3:45 Lab A: Grouping and Summarizing Data 3:45 4:45 Module 5: Joining Multiple Tables 4:45 5:30 Lab A: Querying Multiple Tables Day 2 Start End Module 8:30 9:00 Day 1 review 9:00 9:45 Module 6: Working with Subqueries 9:45 10:15 Lab A: Working with Subqueries 10:15 10:30 Break 10:30 11:15 Module 7: Modifying Data 11:15 12:15 Lab A: Modifying Data 12:15 1:15 Lunch 1:15 2:00 Module 8: Querying Full-Text Indexes 1:45 2:45 Lab A: Querying Full-Text Indexes 2:45 3:00 Break 3:00 4:00 Module 9: Introduction to Programming Objects 4:00 4:30 Lab A: Working with Views x Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Transact-SQL Trainer Materials Compact Disc Contents The Trainer Materials compact disc contains the following files and folders: Default.htm. This file opens the Trainer Materials Web page. Readme.txt. This file contains a description of the compact disc contents and setup instructions in ASCII format (non-Microsoft Word document). 2071A_ms.doc. This file is the Manual Classroom Setup Guide. It contains the steps for manually installing the classroom computers. 2071A_sg.doc. This file is the Classroom Setup Guide. It contains a description of classroom requirements, classroom configuration, and classroom setup instructions. Errorlog. This folder contains a template that is used to record any errors and corrections that you find in the course. Fonts. This folder contains fonts that are required to view the Microsoft PowerPoint ® presentation and Web-based materials. Mplayer. This folder contains files that are required to install Microsoft Windows Media Player. Powerpnt. This folder contains the PowerPoint slides that are used in this course. Pptview. This folder contains the PowerPoint Viewer, which is used to display the PowerPoint slides. Studntcd. This folder contains the Web page that provides students with links to resources pertaining to this course, including additional reading, review and lab answers, lab files, multimedia presentations, and course-related Web sites. Tprep. This folder contains the Trainer Preparation Presentation, a narrated slide show that explains the instructional strategy for the course and presentation tips and caveats. To open the presentation, on the Trainer Materials Web page, click Trainer Preparation Presentation. [...].. .Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Transact -SQL xi Student Materials Compact Disc Contents The Student Materials compact disc contains the following files and folders: Default.htm This file opens the Student Materials Web page It provides students with resources pertaining to this course, including additional reading, review... contains the Word Viewer that is used to view any Word document (.doc) files that are included on the compact disc If no Word documents are included, this folder does not appear xii Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Transact -SQL Document Conventions The following conventions are used in course materials to distinguish elements of the text Convention Use ! Indicates an introductory page This symbol... syntax indicates that you can choose to type a file name with the command Type only the information within the brackets, not the brackets themselves {} In syntax statements, enclose required items Type only the information within the braces, not the braces themselves | In syntax statements, separates an either/or choice ! Indicates a procedure with sequential steps In syntax statements, specifies... and lab answers, lab files, multimedia presentations, and course-related Web sites Readme.txt This file contains a description of the compact disc contents and setup instructions in ASCII format (non -Microsoft Word document) AddRead This folder contains additional reading pertaining to this course If there are no additional reading files, this folder does not appear Answers This folder contains answers... used in multimedia presentations for this course If this course does not include any multimedia presentations, this folder does not appear Mplayer This folder contains files that are required to install Microsoft Windows Media Player Webfiles This folder contains the files that are required to view the course Web page To open the Web page, open Windows Explorer, and in the root directory of the compact . 2071A Released: 9 /2000 Delivery Guide Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Transact -SQL Information in this document is subject to change without notice a Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Database and course 2072A, Administering a Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Database. Audience This course is designed for SQL Server